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We confirmed a specific copolymerization (molecular doping) method for the covalent integration of 2,4-dihydroxyoxazole (DHO) monomer within the framework of carbon nitride (CN). The obtained composites xCN/DHO reveal a sophisticated dual-phase photocatalytic activity, which can effectively reduce and oxidize the CO 2 and NO 2 sources in an aqueous solution and simultaneously performed the oxidation of olefin (C C) in an organic state. This momentous dual state activity is concerned with the lipophilicity elevation from the convolution of oxazole (DHO) monomer within the shell of CN semiconductor. This modulation demonstrates the probability of hydrophobic olefin molecules, escorted in the bulk of CN and associated with the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals (∗OH) caused by photogenerated electrons/holes. In this approach, the olefinic compound allusively consumes the photoinduced electrons/holes through elevated CN/DHO, thus stimulating the entire photocatalytic route. Recent research provides a novel strategy for the production of solar fuels upon organic synthesis via the oxidizing capacity of photoinduced holes within free semiconductors of amphiphilic metals. Likewise, the results of the NO 2 photocatalytic reaction demonstrated that molecular doping drastically reduces the oxidative capacity and improves its reducing propensity. More importantly, the CO 2 reduction process supervenes into an extreme aggregation of methane (CH 4) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of co-catalyst Pt respectively. The photocatalytic results demonstrate that the copolymerized CN provide the greatest reduction/oxidation potential, which is due to its chemical oxidation phase that causes superior fluctuations in whole performance under solar irradiation. • Synthesis of oxazole (DHO) based carbon nitride (CN) through molecular engineering. • Samples were utilized for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and NO 2 oxidation. • The momentous activity is concerned towards the convolution of DHO within CN. • Samples alter the probability for hydrophobic olefin molecules due to *OH radicals. • The reduction/oxidation process happen due to excess of electrons/holes in materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive reliance on fossil fuels causes a variety of difficulties and the use of efficient electrocatalysts material has exhibited significant attention for high electrocatalytic activity. Most transition metal oxide materials performance can be enhanced by the incorporation of metals for OER activity. This work presents the synthesis of samarium (Sm) doped silver niobium oxide (AgNbO 3) was achieved using sonication techniques. An electrocatalyst, Sm-doped AgNbO 3 , has shown promising results for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium with a significant increase in active sites, enhanced electrical conductivity and improved stability. The Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst exhibits overpotential of 203 mV and Tafel slope of 35.22 mV dec−1 for OER activity at current densities of 10 mA cm−2. By utilizing, electrochemical surface area (ECSA), the Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst exhibited higher ECSA values of 1009 cm−2 with a higher roughness factor of 2008.60. Further, observations of low charge transfer resistance value (R ct = 0.17 Ω) along with a durability of 50 h, indicate that this material is highly efficient and long-lasting as an electrocatalyst for energy conversion systems. [Display omitted] • The sonication technique was employed to synthesized Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst. • BET confirmed larger catalytic surface area of Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst was responsible for higher catalytic efficiency for OER. • Electrocatalytic consequences show Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst exhibits the lower Tafel slope (35.22 mV dec−1) with overpotential 203 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2. • Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst shows the higher stability for 50 h. • Sm-doped AgNbO 3 electrocatalyst exhibited conductive nature with lower value of R s (0.65 Ω) and R ct (0.17 Ω). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]