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Smartwatches are a convenient substitute for smartphones in hand-busy situations, but there is limited interactivity to one-handed use of wrist-worn devices. In this paper, we propose WristDial, a ...

We analyzed the button input method of infotainment systems as part of the in-vehicle information system (IVIS) interface and related research. As IVIS becomes more complex and the need for driver-...

Remote pointing is an input method that involves in-air gesticulation. Target selection via Leap Motion-based remote pointing and mouse-based pointing were compared while addressing methodological ...

Eye mouse devices are operated by ocular movements, which have proven to be useful for disabled people who find eye control to be the easiest input method. However, there are few studies comparing the two typical click methods for eye mouse (blink and dwell) in identical experimental conditions for general object selection operations. Especially, investigation on task performance (effectiveness and efficiency) of selecting objects is not sufficient. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationships between task performance of selecting a stimulus and independent variables with comparing the two different click methods. To investigate the relationship, movement distance, eye input method, stimulus position, and stimulus size were considered as independent variables. Results of the blink method revealed a higher efficiency than the dwell method, particularly as the stimulus size increased. Also, both efficiency and effectiveness of stimuli in upper parts of screen was higher than for those...

This study examines text input performance on a smartwatch using tap and trace input methods on a standard QWERTY keyboard (SwypeTM). Participants were either experts or novices to the tracing technique on their smartphone. No users had experience typing on a smartwatch. Participants were able to type at speeds comparable to, or exceeding, those reported in the literature for smartphones and small screen devices. Both novices and tracing experts typed faster overall using the trace input method than the tap method and experts typed the fastest using trace (37 WPM). Word error rates were also comparable to those reported for smartphone text input. These results suggest that using a standard QWERTY keyboard that allows both tap and trace for text input is a viable option on a smartwatch.

The potential benefits of thumb-based touch interaction have not been fully exploited due to its usability problems and performance deterioration. Despite the well-known problems, mobile phone users often prefer thumb-based input method in their daily context of use. Without understanding input performance under realistic variability, design solutions may not address the problems adequately. This research aims to evaluate performance of one-handed thumb-based input compared to cradled finger-based input for the large number of users and varying task conditions. By investigating performance under a range of user- and task-variability, common patterns can be identified to help infer realistic performance in context of use. For this experiment, 259 participants were recruited balanced on gender and age. They performed user testing of moving an icon on a mobile touch-screen. Overall, the one-handed thumb input showed a 30% reduction in throughput compared to the cradled finger-based input, with significant re...

Remote controls are especially problematic for writing text, something necessary in many interactive digital TV applications (IDTV). In the context of research aimed at finding effective entry methods for IDTV applications, an empirical investigation was carried out and is presented in this article. The study analyzed the errors committed by 82 users in an experiment in which they wrote 7,395 sentences. Several typing methods suitable for IDTV contexts were used for experimentation. There were 3,562 of the sentences that registered at least one error. These errors were classified and their main causes analyzed, the particular characteristics of the users taken into account. The results show that the most frequent errors are proximity mistakes in all the evaluated methods. They appear in between 13.75% and 32.31% of the sentences, depending on the input method. Also, age and background are major aspects affecting the number and type of mistakes. The results could be the basis of changes in the design of co...

This study focuses on older adults’ finger-based text entry on smartphones and tablets. Thirty-two older adults entered Chinese characters with two input methods (typing and handwriting) on touch screens with four display sizes (3.5 in., 5 in., 7 in., 9.7 in.). Their performance, acceptance, preference, and errors were recorded and thus four findings were found. First, on small displays (3.5 in. and 5 in.), handwriting contributed to shorter task completion time, higher perceived ease of use, and higher usage intention than typing, but no difference was observed on large displays (7 in. and 9.7 in.). Second, there is a gap of task completion time and perceived ease of use between 5 in. and 7 in. for typing, whereas there is no gap for handwriting. Third, participants’ preference of 9.7 in. was almost the same as that of 7 in., and their preference of 7 in. was 1.5 times as strong as that of 5 in. Fourth, participants’ finger-based text entry was prone to 13 types of errors. Many of these errors were cause...

Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are becoming increasingly popular in the United States and elsewhere. These devices are small, lightweight, and extremely mobile. One of the biggest drawbacks of PDAs has been the slow speed at which data can be entered. Researchers have studied the rates at which individuals can enter uncorrected text to a PDA using Palm OS software (Graffiti and the virtual keyboard). However, this is the first investigation of the speed at which users can enter corrected text to a PDA running Microsoft Windows CE. The results indicate that users are faster with the virtual keyboard than with the letter recognizer. Despite performance differences, users did not indicate greater satisfaction with the soft keyboard or the letter recognizer.