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Discusses information on a proposal for the classification of neuropsychiatric disturbance in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Method of empirical categorization of disturbances; Comparison of the frequency of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms with or without dementia based on the Cache County study of memory and aging in Utah; List of the proposed diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease-associated neuropsychiatric disturbance; Relevance of the proposed criteria to clinical research and practice.

Background: Dementia Care Navigators (DCNs) are professionals without clinical training, who provide individualised emotional and practical support to people living with dementia, working alongside clinical services. Navigator services have been implemented but the service offered vary without a consistent overview provided. The aim of this narrative systematic review was to describe and compare existing service formats, and to synthesise evidence regarding their implementation and impacts. Methods: The review was registered on PROSPERO [CRD42021292518]. Three electronic databases were searched and included studies reported on a DCN service, defined as a service in which non‐clinically trained workers provide personalised advice and support to people with dementia and/or carers in the community. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and titles and read through full papers for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment QualSyst. Results: We included 14 papers reporting on six studies. All services were US‐based and only varied by integration and training provided. Studies reported different degrees of impact on service utilisation and on symptoms and mental well‐being of people with dementia and their carers, with too little evidence to draw substantial/meaningful conclusions and studies employing different outcome measures. One study evidenced greater impacts on people with more advanced dementia compared to earlier stages. Conclusions: DCN services have the potential to effectively provide non‐clinical support to people with dementia and carers from the point of diagnosis. Further research from countries other than the USA, focusing on the impact on social care and social support service access and utilisation, and utilising similar established outcome measures are required. Key points: Evidence on the impact of Dementia Care Navigators (DCNs) is limited but shows promising benefits for people living with dementia and their carers.More research needs to be conducted in countries other than the US, where all evidence was reported, and with similar outcome measures to allow comparison.DCNs are a highly useful professional group without medical training, who can navigate people living with dementia and their carers to support and provide support themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To collate evidence regarding the prevalence and predictors of dementia or relative cognitive impairment in older, African-Caribbean people in Britain, as compared to their white, British peers. Design We conducted a systematic literature review by searching electronic databases, contacting experts in the field and searching the references of identified papers for studies fulfilling our predefined inclusion criteria. They were divided into those measuring the prevalence or incidence of dementia or cognitive impairment, and those investigating risk factors. Each study selected for inclusion, was evaluated by two of the three authors using a standardised checklist and assigned a numerical score for quality. Results Eleven papers fulfilled the selection criteria. Two cross-sectional surveys had calculated prevalence of dementia in a sample of British African-Caribbean people. A further prevalence study had estimated dementia prevalence in a mixed sample of African and African-Caribbean participants. All the comparative studies found an excess of dementia in African-Caribbean people when compared to the indigenous, white population but in one study, this was not statistically significant. Seven studies investigated potential predictive factors for cognitive impairment or cognitive decline. One study investigated the association between hypertension, dementia and country of birth. Conclusions The published research in this area is limited. The available studies consistently indicate an excess of dementia in older African-Caribbean people when compared to the indigenous white population. However, the magnitude of this difference and the associated risk factors are not clear, and warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]