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Love-type wave propagation in a functionally graded material bonded by a layer of functionally graded fiber-reinforced material and an elastic half-space is investigated in this paper. The mechanical imperfections at the common interface between the layers and half-space have been considered. Solutions to mechanical displacements are obtained by solving the coupled field equations of the layers and elastic half-space with the help of the separation of variables technique. Appropriate boundary conditions have been applied to establish the dispersion equations for Love-type wave propagation in imperfect and perfect interfaces. Dispersion curves have been plotted to illustrate the significant effects of parameters such as gradient coefficients, reinforcement, interfacial imperfection, and thickness ratio on the phase velocity of Love-type wave propagation. This paper presents graphical demonstrations of the effects of each parameter under imperfect and perfect cases, and provides a detailed theoretical discussion of these parameters. This study can provide theoretical guidance for designing and optimizing functionally graded materials-based devices. Practical Applications: This study examines functionally graded materials in engineering, exploring their classification, mathematical formulations, application in solving specific problems, analytical methodologies, and obstacles impeding their widespread use. This study is innovative and relevant to aerospace, civil engineering, and construction applications. In aerospace engineering, these materials can be used for structural components like panels, wings, and fuselage parts due to their lightweight nature and high strength-to-weight ratio. It can be used for reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering and building construction, offering enhanced strength and durability. Therefore, examining the propagation of Love-type waves in these structures is crucial. Finally, we illustrate the effects of various parameters where grading the facings of a composite structure results in an impressive improvement in its stability and dispersive characteristics. Therefore, the results could lead to significant advances in analysis and exploration in aerospace, building construction, civil engineering, geophysics, and geomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is carried out to investigate the traversing of a Love-type wave in a prestressed anisotropic magnetoelastic stratum (PAMES) bounded between a prestressed anisotropic porous upper substrate (PAPUS) and prestressed anisotropic porous lower substrate (PAPLS). The exact solution of the governing equations is acquired and explained in detail for various effective parameters. Irregular boundary conditions have been employed for both the interfaces of the sandwiched layer. The variable separable technique has been used to determine the exact solution of the governing equations. The impacts of diverse parameters such as prestress, anisotropic porosity, anisotropic magnetoelasticity, irregularity parameters on phase, and damped velocity of Love-type wave have been discussed. This model contains huge potential to deal with many commercial and industrial applications in acoustical engineering, geotechnical engineering, ultrasonics, earthquake engineering, and geophysics. Results indicate that the anisotropic magnetoelastic parameter possesses a positive impact on phase and damped velocity. The damped velocity converges to some constant magnitude for distinct values of the porosity parameter. This is a theoretical work on the seismic wave propagation of surface waves. In this work, the seismic tremor, the soil components, and the transducers are made with the help of both theoretical and numerical calculations. This research could have also been used in acoustic design, earthquake engineering, geophysics, and ultrasonics. Seismic waves are also applicable for forecasting. This can be improved by putting a porous material on the structure's free surface. The goal of looking at different physical situations is to find ways that the results of this study can be used in science, technology, or the field of geotechnics. Geotechnical engineering is an integral part of civil engineering that looks at how earth materials work in engineering. Geotechnical engineers use soil properties, such as porosity, void ratio, permeability, and so forth, to analyze site conditions and plan earthworks, retaining structures, and foundations. The surface wave survey method is under continuous evolution. On a small scale, it can be used to describe a medium without touching it. On a large scale, it can be used to do a geotechnical survey after an earthquake. Even though the sizes of these applications are very different, they all use the way surface waves move along the edge of a layered medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]