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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a greater frequency of ocular extra-intestinal manifestations (O-EIMs) than the general population, while Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have inconsistent prevalence, according to previous studies. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of O-EIMs in CD and UC, respectively. We systemically reviewed O-EIMs and IBD across several online databases. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) observational studies examining the association between O-EIMs and IBD, such as cross-sectional, case–control, or cohort studies; (2) human and adult individuals; and (3) with case and control groups consisting of patients with and without O-EIMs, respectively. Patients under the age of 18 or any study on pediatric IBD will be excluded. The prevalence of uveitis in adults was determined by 21 studies comprising 190,941 individuals with IBD, including 62,874 CD and 128,067 UC. The pooled analysis revealed significantly increased odds of uveitis in patients with CD than with UC (pooled odd ratio (OR) 1.603, 95% confidence interval 1.254–2.049). The subgroup analysis revealed that European populations had significantly higher odds of developing uveitis and episcleritis in patients with CD than UC (pooled OR 1.683 and 2.401, respectively). Although O-EIMs may be the prodrome of IBD, no consistent finding was obtained as a result of the high heterogeneity from the two included studies. This meta-analysis indicates the significantly increased odds of uveitis in adults with CD than those with UC. In subgroup analysis, European with CD seemed to have higher odds of uveitis and episcleritis than those with UC. Nonetheless, the link between O-EIMs and IBD remained unclear.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest mortality rate among autoimmune disorders. Individuals with SSc frequently die from complications or infections related to SSc. Nonetheless, the sex–age–period interaction of SSc is complex and remains unclear. The study aims to analyze the secular trend of SSc mortality based on data regarding underlying cause of death (UCD) and multiple causes of death (MCD) and clarify the sex–age interaction with time. Methods: The multiple-cause mortality statistics provided by the National Center for Health Statistics were used to identify all deaths in the United States from 1981 to 2020 in which SSc was indicated anywhere on the death certificates. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was determined for both sexes, as well as the variations in these rates. Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to determine the annual percentage change (APC) of ASMR. Results: A total of 44,672 and 66,259 individuals who died between 1981 and 2020 were identified based on the UCD and MCD data, respectively. According to the UCD data, SSc-related AMSR (SSc-ASMR) of the male and female decedents, respectively, declined from 5.01 and 1.94 in 1981–1990 to 4.77 and 1.32 in 2011–2020, respectively (mortality rate ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.92–0.98). From 1986 to 1999, the APC of SSc-ASMR in female decedents decreased except for those aged 45–64 years (APC 2.1%, p = 0.002). For MCD analysis, in trend 1, only APC of SSc-ASMR in male decedents aged 45–64 years decreased. The SSc-ASMR of both male and female decedents fell on trend 2 arm. In 2011–2020, the ratio of UCD to MCD increased across all age groups for both sexes compared to 1981–1990. Overall, compared to the male decedents, the SSc-ASMR in female decedents increased significantly before 1999, peaked in 1999, followed by continuous decrease until 2020 according to UCD and MCD statistics. Conclusions: Over the past four decades, the SSc deaths based on the MCD data were 1.48 times more than the UCD data, and the proportion of UCD over MCD increased over time. The SSc-ASMRs in all the sex–age groups significantly decreased over the past two decades. Notably, the mortality rate ratio of women to men with SSc increased in the past four decades.