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OBJECTIVE: Loss of control over eating (LOC) is common among women, particularly those with overweight and obesity (OV/OB), and predicts weight gain. Given the importance of understanding weight and eating behaviors during pregnancy, we sought to characterize LOC across pregnancy and the postpartum period among women with pre-pregnancy OV/OB. METHODS: Pregnant women (N = 257; 28.44 ± 5.48 years old) with self-reported OV/OB prior to pregnancy were interviewed using a pregnancy-adapted version of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE-PV). Pre-pregnancy LOC was retrospectively assessed during the first trimester and then prospectively assessed monthly throughout pregnancy and postpartum over the course of seven assessments. RESULTS: Rates of LOC were significantly higher during pregnancy compared to prior to ([Formula: see text] , p < .01) and after ([Formula: see text] , p < .01) pregnancy, with 37% (n = 95) of women reporting ≥1 LOC episode during pregnancy. LOC during pregnancy was associated with higher likelihood of LOC postpartum. Higher age (OR = 1.084, p = .04) and identifying as a minority (OR = 0.344, p = .02) was associated with greater likelihood of experiencing LOC during pregnancy only. DISCUSSION: LOC during pregnancy is common among women with pre-pregnancy OV/OB, suggesting that screening and intervention for LOC during pregnancy may be warranted. Future research is necessary to examine the relationship between LOC during pregnancy and maternal and infant health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the brief loss of control over eating scale (LOCES-B) in a community sample of adolescents. METHOD Participants were 1,116 adolescents (11-15 years; 53% girls; 53% non-Hispanic White) recruited from middle schools in the Northeast United States. Participants were administered self-report surveys during school in the fall of 2016. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the LOCES-B total score was unidimensional, which was invariant across gender and weight status. The LOCES-B had excellent internal consistency (α = .92). The LOCES-B total score had large, positive relationships with the frequency of LOC eating episodes, objective bulimic episodes, and subjective bulimic episodes, and a small, positive relationship with objective overeating episode frequency. After adjusting for demographics, anthropometrics, and LOC eating frequency, adolescents reporting higher scores on the LOCES-B total score had greater body image dissatisfaction, more internalizing symptoms, and lower trait effortful control. DISCUSSION Findings suggested that the LOCES-B is a reliable and valid measure of LOC eating in early adolescents. The availability of the LOCES-B has the potential to elucidate the developmental trajectories, predictors, and outcomes of LOC eating across the full severity spectrum in large cohort studies of youth.

Objective This study examined the prevalence of and changes in loss of control over eating (LOC) among pregnant women with overweight/obesity, along with associations between LOC and depressive symptoms and stress. Method Community women (N = 200; body mass index ≥ 25; 12–20 weeks gestation) reported LOC before and during early pregnancy using the Eating Disorder Examination, which was adapted for administration in pregnancy. Women self-reported depressive symptoms and stress during early pregnancy. Results Twenty-eight percent (n = 56) of women reported LOC before or during early pregnancy: 14.5% (n = 29) reported LOC incidence during early pregnancy, 9.5% (n = 19) reported LOC persistence from prepregnancy to early pregnancy, and 4.0% (n = 8) reported LOC prepregnancy only. Women with LOC reported more depressive symptoms and stress than did those without. Women with LOC persistence reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and elevated stress. Levels of depressive symptoms and stress differed between women with LOC persistence and those without LOC (ps

This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 26-year-old patient with anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosed with Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome (SRUS). To our knowledge, this is the first case report to document SRUS in AN, whose pathogenesis in this case seems to have been determined by the patient's malnourished and underweight state. Furthermore, SRUS symptoms appear to have interacted with the eating disorder psychopathology, increasing the need to exert control over eating. Cognitive behavioral strategies and procedures were accordingly used to address the eating disorder psychopathology and to promote complete weight restoration, which brought about a significant reduction in the size of the ulcer and the complete resolution of SRUS symptoms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:731-735).

Objective Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is aimed at improving negative affect that is purported to contribute to the development and maintenance of loss-of-control (LOC) eating. Although youth who report LOC over eating tend to consume more snack-foods than those without LOC, it is unknown if IPT impacts objective energy intake. Methods To test if IPT improves mood and eating in the laboratory, we examined a sample of 88 girls with LOC eating who were randomized to either IPT (n = 46) or a standard-of-care health education (HE) group program. At baseline, and 6-month (follow-up 1) and 1-year (follow-up 2) following the initiation of the groups, girls consumed lunch from a multi-item meal with an instruction designed to model a LOC episode. Girls also reported mood state immediately before each meal. Results Girls in IPT experienced no significant changes in pre-meal state depressive affect, while girls in HE experienced a non-significant improvement by follow-up 1 and then returned to baseline by follow-up 2 (p

Objective: Our study examined the effect of food volume on later intake and appetite ratings in 15 women with binge eating disorder (BED) and 15 healthy control women. Method: On nonconsecutive days, lower- volume (250 ml/171 kcal) and higher- volume milk-based preloads (500 ml/171 kcal) were served in counterbalanced order. Thirty minutes later, appetite ratings and intake at a buffet-style test-lunch were assessed. Results: Higher-volume preloads decreased hunger, desire to eat, excitement about eating, desire for dessert, and loss of control over eating at test meals, relative to lower-volume preloads. Test-meal intake was greater among BED participants than controls; intake did not differ by preload volume. BED participants' desire to eat, prospective consumption, excitement about eating, and desire for meals and desserts were higher than controls' ratings. Conclusion: Higher-volume foods decreased hunger and related appetite ratings. Differences in food intake and appetite between BED and control participants provide further evidence for the validity of test meals to assess binge eating. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009

Objective The purpose of this study was to provide information regarding the criteria used by women with binge eating disorder (BED) to classify an eating episode a binge. Method: Sixty women who met DSM-IV research criteria for BED were interviewed and asked to define binge eating in their own words. Two independent raters classified subjects' responses according to a structured classification scheme. Results: Loss of control over eating was the only criterion used to define binge eating by a majority (82%) of our subjects. Large amount of food and eating to relieve negative affect were reported less frequently, but appeared to be important criteria. Discussion: The findings from this study are important to consider in an evaluation of the proposed DSM-IV research criteria for BED. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 24: 313–317, 1998.

Our third cross-sectional survey designed to elicit DSM-III inclusion criteria for bulimia was completed by 1836 students, 97.2% of those surveyed. Based on operationalized criteria, 4.7% of females reported a current eating disorder diagnosis. These included bulimia (4.3%), bulimia nervosa (2.2%), bulimia with weekly binge/purging behavior (1.1%), and anorexia nervosa (0.1%). Current bulimia was reported by 0.1% of males and current bulimia nervosa by 0.3%. Those women with current bulimia were more likely to report a history of treatment for alcoholism and drug abuse than those bulimic women in remission. The data suggest that fear of loss of control over eating is an important part of the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, while fear of being fat is less apt to differentiate between bulimic and nonbulimic women. The desire for low weight was more pronounced in bulimic female students in the current survey than in previous surveys. The percentage of women who reported a history of bulimia with weekly binge eating and purging went from 1% in 1980 to 3.2% in 1983 and to 2.2% in the current survey indicating that the prevalence for this disorder may have peaked and may be declining.

Clinicians have long recognized that eating-disordered individuals experience themselves as having limited control in important spheres of life. Unfortunately, researchers have tended to address control as a unidimensional construct. This study examined the multidimensional nature of perceived control. Specifically, the relationship between eating disorder characteristics and perceptions of control over ordinary social behaviors and eating-disordered behaviors was investigated. Measures of subjective perceptions of control over social and symptomic behaviors along with standard eating disorder inventories were administered to 84 male and 198 female undergraduate volunteers. Results indicate markedly different gender-linked patterns of perceived control. Eating disorder characteristics were associated with perceptions of symptomatic dyscontrol. Finally, interpersonal context significantly affected perceptions of control. This investigation underscores the importance of conceptualizing control in a multidimensional manner.