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The economic repercussions of natural hazards extend beyond immediate damages, impacting more than the directly affected regions through trading ties and interrupted service provisions. The Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model has been developed to assess these indirect impacts by considering changes in productive capacity and demand-driven output adjustments. We extend a recently refined ARIO model (R-ARIO) to conduct a multi-regional multi-sector analysis. This extension accounts for the geographical disparities in direct damages and inter-regional economic interactions. To illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, we present a case study of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and assess its economic impacts across 13 prefectures in the East-Japan region. The paper further compares the outcomes of single- and multi-regional analyses to showcase the effect of inter-regional trading ties on economic resilience. Additionally, trade-offs involved in selecting the study area boundary for the multi-regional analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Capabilities-based Interface for Socio-Technical Resilience (CI-STR) framework to model community disaster resilience, a process shaped by the complex interplay between social and technical factors. Central to this framework is the concept of human capabilities, defined as the opportunities for individuals to achieve valuable functionings. These capabilities serve as the interface that integrates individuals' social characteristics with community resources provided by infrastructure systems and businesses, both of which can undergo dramatic and rapid changes after a disaster, influencing the fulfillment of capabilities. The CI-STR framework highlights the feedback relationships among individual capabilities, where one capability can affect others through its impact on social and/or technical contexts throughout the post-disaster recovery process. In the social context, changes in capabilities directly reflect on individual's physical, financial, and social conditions, while technical feedback effects can alter the demand, supply, and operation of technical systems. The framework conceptualizes the recovery process as a series of activities driven by human capabilities and introduces three key features to model this dynamic process: capabilities-induced coping strategies, time-dependent and hierarchical capabilities, and capabilities in groups. These features capture the motivations and abilities for recovery activities, prioritize actions based on urgent needs, and assess group-level capabilities, providing unique insights into the temporal evolution of individuals' capabilities during recovery. The CI-STR framework enables comprehensive modeling of the human components and their interactions with technical and social elements, facilitating the assessment of community resilience and the development of recovery strategies across a wide range of community dimensions. • Modeling of dynamic socio-technical interactions in disaster resilience. • CI-STR integrates social and technical elements to fulfil human capabilities. • Capabilities contribute back to social and technical contexts via feedback loops. • CI-STR features the time evolution of capabilities during recovery. • A schematic procedure for implementing CI-STR is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a gap between research in disaster resilience and the implementation of resilience via political strategies. This paper uses three frameworks from resilience research to analyse the 2022 German Resilience Strategy as a case study. It answers two questions: Does the German Resilience Strategy reflect resilience understandings from research and what are its strengths and shortcomings? Are such resilience frameworks useful for analysing political documents and what are their strengths and shortcomings? The resilience frameworks are Bruneau et al.'s 4Rs of resilience, Hollnagel's four cornerstones of resilience, and Thoma et al.'s resilience cycle. The paper uses qualitative content analysis to interpret the 345 recommendations for measures of the Strategy. The results show that the Strategy lives up to a holistic definition of resilience. It implicitly also embraces a complexity-informed understanding of resilience, but risks losing sight on adaptive capacity due to its broadness. The Strategy focuses on natural hazards, although it officially follows the all-hazard approach. There is a lack of recommendations on individual and societal disaster recovery. The three resilience frameworks are applicable for analysing political strategies. The 4Rs of resilience framework has a blind spot with respect to unknown disruptions. The four cornerstones of resilience framework bases on an innovative resilience conception and could be useful for disaster studies if it was more thoroughly translated to the latter's specifics. The resilience cycle framework is limited due to its cyclical approach, and it entails prevention, which is not part of resilience. • The German Resilience Strategy has a holistic understanding of resilience. • The German Resilience Strategy lacks recommendations on disaster recovery. • The 4Rs of resilience framework has a blind spot regarding unknown disruptions. • We should translate findings from resilience engineering to disaster resilience. • Prevention is not part of resilience and thus not in the German Resilience Strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to adequate training and reliable equipment, firefighters need robust psychological resources (e.g., self-efficacy, team cohesion) to sustain readiness for potential deployment in large-scale disasters. However, recurrent exposure to emergency situations in their every-day work poses a threat to psychological resources and jeopardizes readiness. In this study, we examine how leaders in fire services support their subordinates in maintaining high levels of these resources. We hypothesize that person-oriented leadership is particularly effective in this respect. Specifically, we predict that person-oriented leader behaviors increase subordinates' psychological resources and magnify the benefits of their performance behaviors in terms of resource acquisition. In a preregistered longitudinal study (five monthly measurements) with firefighters in Germany (N = 189), we tested our hypotheses using random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling. In line with our expectations, perceived person-oriented leader behaviors predicted subordinates' resources on a month-to-month basis, and also in an additional follow-up survey one year later. However, person-oriented leadership did not increase the return on subordinates' performance behavior in terms of resources. Notably, perceived task-oriented leader behaviors also predicted subordinates' resources, but only on a month-to-month basis. We discuss possible mechanisms and time frames of the observed effects. Together, our findings indicate that person-oriented leadership can counteract resource depletion due to adverse working conditions and, thus, add to higher levels of readiness. Policymakers and senior executives may foster this effect by integrating person-oriented competencies into leadership norms and training programs. • Leaders in fire services impact their subordinates' psychological resources. • Task- and person-oriented leader behaviors have positive month-to-month effects. • Person-oriented leader behaviors also appear to have positive long-term effects. • Psychological resources predict firefighters' self-rated performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road collapse is a frequent and damaging disaster in cities. The complexity and uncertainty inherent in urban environments pose significant challenges to mitigating road collapses. This paper presents a novel framework integrating machine learning-based susceptibility assessment and geophysical detection validation for urban road collapse risk reduction. Three oversampling techniques, random oversampling, synthetic minority oversampling technique for nominal and continuous features (SMOTENC), and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN), are first utilized to implement data augmentation on urban road collapse accident samples. Subsequently, three machine learning models, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), are developed to evaluate road collapse susceptibility by extracting collapse-inducing patterns from historical accident data. Particularly, on-site geophysical hazard detection is conducted to validate the assessment results. The results demonstrate that XGBoost with SMOTENC achieves satisfactory performance in identifying road collapses with accuracy (0.9608) and AUC (0.9796). The spatial distribution of road collapse susceptibility in Shanghai central area follows a high-moderate-low pattern from northwest to southeast. The geophysical detection reveals a correlation between higher road collapse susceptibility and increased severity of underground diseases, validating the generalization capacity of XGBoost in actual operational environments. Additionally, the structural problems of underground pipelines are identified as the most influential factors for urban road collapse. This research offers valuable insights for urban road collapse mitigation and resilience improvement of transportation infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the risk perceptions of natural hazards is vital for disaster mitigation. Despite extensive research on the topic, local and indigenous perspectives often remain marginalized and underrepresented. One reason discussed is the inherent Eurocentrism in knowledge production. Using narrative interviews with fishermen in the Patagonian fjord lands, we developed a grounded theory on risk perception against the background of actor–network theory to adress this criticism. The emergent order of risk perception research can be described by constructions of natural event systems , attributions of cause and blame , psychological processing and emotional strategies , territorial and professional identity , and perceptions of the national state. The distinction in risk science between natural hazards and environmental degradation, which represents the manifestation of the nature-culture divide, is not necessarily made by people. By allowing ambiguity in the ontology of nature, including networks of human and non-human actors,a hybrid understanding can be developed. We propose the following basic concepts of this understanding: environmental transformation , human-environment relations , appropriation of nature and ownership structure , displacement of sustainable traditions, and regional common-pool resources. Classifying these perspectives as pre-modern corresponds to the separation of different cultures described by Latour and forms the basis for asymmetrical relationships, reproducing the hegemony of Eurocentric and anthropocentric knowledge production. The separation into hazard and vulnerability can be seen as a manifestation of the second separation and leads to the networks of human and non-human actors that promote resilience being overlooked. • Actor-network theory applied to risk perception research (RPR) on natural hazards. • Nature-culture dichotomy is the distinction of natural hazards and environmental degradation. • The second separation is manifested as a dichotomy of hazard and vulnerability. • Together, this overlooks the resilience-building networks of human and non-human actors. • Hybrid understanding can help overcome the resulting coloniality in RPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of resilience has gained significant traction in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR) due to the escalating frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods. Social capital accumulated within social networks comprising stakeholders serves as a crucial resource for the establishment of disaster resilience. Therefore, this study examines and evaluates resilience to changes within DRR process through a social capital perspective. First, it embraces the conceptual framework of disaster resilience through social capital and elucidates six distinct forms of social capital relevant to enhancing disaster resilience. Subsequently, the governance structure of flood emergency management in China is thoroughly examined and a disaster resilience assessment system is established from the standpoint of social capital using a social network analysis methodology. Finally, using the case of the devastating flooding triggered by the 7–20 rainstorm in Henan, China, resilience levels are measured at various stages of the flooding employing 4R theory. The results of this study will aid governmental and non-governmental organizations in enhancing their resilience in the face of natural disasters. • Resilience has gained importance as a factor in disaster risk reduction. • Social capital in stakeholders' social networks is crucial to disaster resilience. • Resilience in China's flood emergency management is examined via social networks. • Resilience levels are measured at three stages of the 7–20 rainstorm in Henan, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a scale that measures the disaster resilience of individuals as members of a disaster-resilient society. We constructed the Disaster Resilience Scale for Individuals (DRSi) by using the survey data of 10,000 individuals across Japan, and extracting 8 factors from 24 items. The verification process shows that DRSi scores differ based on the respondents' gender and area of residence, thus reflecting the impact of gender-based division of roles in Japan, and region-specific disaster experiences. We also propose a short version of the DRSi for the convenience of data collection. Furthermore, DRSi is expected to work as an effective tool for measuring resilience at the individual level to evaluate the impact of an intervention on a local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster information influences decision-making. Wireless internet and location-based services, aided by recent technological advances, have laid the foundation for providing personalized disaster information. Despite the provision of simple disaster forecasts and warnings, provision of specific evacuation actions ("where" and "how," i.e., location and reachability of safe areas) and location-based personalized information that consider real-time disaster situations are a pressing priority. Thus, this study proposed and developed a three-step methodology for providing disaster information during floods that combined a flooded environment and pedestrian behavioral model, namely, 1) prediction of the flooded environment, 2) analysis of evacuation routes based on the movement time of evacuees according to the flood depth, and 3) provision of evacuation information by selecting the optimal evacuation route. This model was demonstrated in the Gangnam Station area in Seoul, Korea. Flooded environment prediction modeling of the target area was performed by applying the 100-year rainfall design to the Storm Water Management Model. The optimal evacuation route, according to the flood depth, was selected by applying the behavioral model (movement time calculation formula) for each evacuee derived through an evacuation behavior experiment. The pre- and post-flooding age- and gender-wise total evacuation distance and time were compared and analyzed. Post-flooding, the evacuation distance and time increased by 168.3% (381.34 m) and 172.3% (3.16 min) on average, respectively, indicating that evacuees must travel farther and longer. The analysis of post-flooding evacuation route change types revealed changes in evacuation distance and time in cases where shelters and evacuation routes and time were significantly different depending on evacuee characteristics (age and gender). This indicated that specific and visual disaster information can be provided according to evacuees' age and gender using the proposed methodology. This study can serve as the basis for designing an advanced and personalized disaster information system that can provide specific evacuation actions to aid fast evacuation decision-making during floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the selection of appropriate sites for temporary shelters is critical to efficient disaster management and recovery efforts. This study evaluates the suitability of using urban green spaces in Uşak, Türkiye, as temporary settlements following a disaster. Our research predominantly focuses on assessing 240 parks located in the city center to determine their potential suitability as temporary shelter sites using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study encompasses four key phases: an extensive review of existing literature, the determined criteria and sub-criteria, data collection, the generation of criteria maps, and a suitability analysis. Our findings indicate that out of the total area spanning 2.2 km2, 0.29 km2 is categorized as "Not Suitable," 1.06 km2 falls into the "Marginally Suitable" category, 0.78 km2 is identified as "Moderately Suitable," and 0.07 km2 are considered "Highly Suitable.". This data further reveals that among the 240 parks under scrutiny, 24 are classified as "Unsuitable," 78 as "Marginally Suitable," 117 as "Moderately Suitable," and 10 as "Highly Suitable." This research significantly enhances our understanding of the potential utilization of urban green spaces as shelter locations. It lends substantial support to developing sustainable solutions for assisting post-disaster stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding ways to increase local community resilience is important, therefore, this study explores how to use individual disaster resilience indicators and provides new ways to quantify them. Specifically, Q-methodology is used as a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative techniques to examine the shared perspectives among the residents in the Dove Springs community of Austin, Texas. To maintain adaptability and eliminate repetition and ambiguity, the initially retrieved set of 95 indicators was reduced down to 45 through two cycles of revision with subject matter experts. A total of 41 respondents were engaged in our study, and they prioritized the indicators based on their understanding of community well-being. Participants also identified their perspective of the two most important and unimportant statements. As a result, four types of perspectives were identified as informing the status of resilience: housing and food security, education and employment, equity, and disaster preparedness. Subsequently, we proposed a weighted quantification strategy to derive a single resilience value within a hierarchy from indicator level through category level. The findings and suggestions from our mixed-method study lay the groundwork for a better quantitative assessment of disaster resilience in a local context that can be beneficial for decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media, as an emerging source of data, has become a valuable data source for disaster prevention and management with its vast database. This study takes the "7·20" extreme rainstorm disaster in Zhengzhou as an example, extracts social media information related to the flooding disaster on social media platforms, constructs a dataset of the rainstorm and flooding disaster, and analyzes its temporal evolution and public sentiment change trends. Secondly, the K-means text clustering method based on TF-IDF was used to extract geographic location information related to waterlogging in social media data, and the resilience matrix was used as a framework to construct a resilience assessment model for urban infrastructure systems in combination with the Pressure-State-Response model. The results show that there was a sharp increase in the discussion of microblog topics about flooding information during heavy rainfall, and there was a 4-h lag between the peak time of topic discussion and the peak time of rainfall intensity. The geographical locations affected by waterlogging extracted based on microblogs can cover 87.5 % of the officially announced waterlogging points. In the resilience assessment of infrastructure systems, the transportation system and drainage system of Zhengzhou performed poorly in response to this rainstorm disaster, whereas the power system and communication system had relatively stronger resilience. This study provides an effective solution to help identify disaster events and promote disaster risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh provide a variety of financial services to poor households that can help them cope with natural disasters (e.g. floods) and adapt to environmental changes (e.g. increasing soil salinity). However, due to the limited geographic range in which MFI branches can provide their services, households located far from a branch typically do not have access to microfinance. In this study, we measured how spatial accessibility (SA) to microfinance varied across 18 sub-districts (upazilas) of southwest Bangladesh, a region heavily affected by climate-related hazards including flooding and high soil salinity. Our objective was to identify if accessibility to microfinance was negatively affected by climate hazards due to, e.g., higher lending risks in hazard-prone areas. For this, we incorporated geospatial data sets related to flood hazard, soil salinity, population density, and transportation infrastructure as explanatory variables for regression modeling of SA. We tested both ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically-weighted regression (GWR) approaches, and found that GWR was better able to predict SA. The GWR model for the SA measure "distance to nearest branch" had the strongest relationship with the explanatory variables (adjusted R2 = 0.717), and in this model (and four of five other models tested), high flood hazard and high soil salinity were negatively correlated with accessibility to microfinance. To increase microfinance accessibility in these climate hazard-prone areas, additional funding for MFI outreach activities (e.g. utilizing national/international climate change funds), reduction of transaction costs, and further experimentation with adapting/packaging MFI services, may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing and updating emergency plans are crucial for enhancing disaster resilience. While extensive attention has been devoted to the technical aspects of plan updates, there is a notable gap in discourse from a policy perspective, particularly one centred on resilience. To delve into how emergency plan updates can effectively contribute to bolstering disaster resilience, this research proposes a conceptual framework that views the emergency plan update process as a complex adaptive system and seeks to elucidate the resilient traits inherent to such systems. We selected the Ya'an earthquake emergency plan updates as a representative case, drawing upon primary and secondary data sources. The research findings derived from content and social network analyses indicate that institutional and organisational resilience can be significantly improved by streamlining the update process, refining plan content, and optimising plan-based networks. Furthermore, this study offers two recommendations for fortifying disaster resilience via plan updates: 1) drawing insights from past disaster response experiences; 2) promoting the continuous production and integration of emergency management knowledge. This research offers a fresh perspective for analysing the process of building disaster resilience and provides valuable insights for the global disaster resilience community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rural transportation networks are highly susceptible to geohazards such as earthquakes and landslides. Indirect losses can be severe because the breakdown of a transportation network aggravates rescue, supply, and other recovery activities. The operations and logistics of rural networks that are under seismic risks must be managed using the limited resources specifically in developing countries. We propose a methodology to evaluate road recovery strategies for restoring connectivity after blockages due to earthquakes and earthquake-triggered landslides. This paper gives insight into the recovery process, which can be used by decision-makers for enhancing resilience and supplying immediate relief to rural areas. The proposed framework has four steps: 1) identification of strategies for increasing recovery performance, 2) determination of graph-based metrics to represent network connectivity, 3) applying topology-based and Monte Carlo simulations to each strategy, and 4) analysis of recovery times to compare these resilience-enhancement strategies. The methodology was tested using a case study from Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, a region that was severely affected by the Gorkha earthquake in 2015. The closed road segments and recovery times were determined through field surveys with locals and governmental authorities, and by investigating the intensity of earthquake-triggered landslides. Our results showed that the proposed approach provides information about the recovery behavior of road networks and simplifies the evaluation process. It is robust enough to extend and assess decision-makers' preferences for improving resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bureau of Meteorology has a mandate to issue warnings for weather and climate events that are likely to result in harm and loss. This service has been delivered in an end-to-end (science to service) context and warnings messages have typically been crafted to describe the current and predicted future state of the environment and recommended protective actions. However, the warnings landscape is evolving and Australian governments and emergency management agencies are adopting rapidly diversifying roles in a range of warnings processes. This evolution coincides with the shift in international strategies: from the mitigation and crisis management approach to the emphasis on building community resilience. Following a number of severe weather-related events that resulted in serious losses a series of Australian inquiries, reviews and social research investigated warnings efficacy. This included the National Review of Warnings and Information for Australia, with a recommendation suggesting that a Total Warning System concept be more formally considered across multiple hazards, rather than just flood, as it currently stands. Consequently, Australian warnings agencies are embracing a more people-centred approach recognising the need for messages to include detail of likely impact alongside an implied level of risk. Thus, developing capability to deliver impact forecasting and risk-based warnings services in a multi (natural) hazard context. With a key focus on flood, fire and tropical cyclone, this paper reviews international and national warnings policy documents and social research and explores the evidence-based evolution of warning services with respect to the Total Warning System concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience is a multifaceted phenomenon, and approaches to measure resilience across disciplines have produced wide-ranging methods. This paper presents an inclusive and adaptive ‘5S’ social resilience framework that was developed based on the critical review of existing social resilience frameworks discussed in the literature. The proposed social resilience framework consists of five sub-dimensions of social resilience, namely, social structure, social capital, social mechanisms, social equity, and social belief, a set of 16 characteristics, and corresponding 46 indicators. While the key social resilience characteristics are integrated within a single framework, it is flexible enough for adapting to a specific context as needed. Key challenges in resilience measurement approaches developed in disaster management context are also highlighted in this paper. The direct measures of social resilience are resource intensive. Hence, proxy measures have been widely used using data available in the public domain which often result in inadequate measurement of social resilience. It is imperative to explore use of surrogates in measuring social resilience characteristics that are complex and not easily measurable directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster resilience has become an important agenda after the United Nations proposed the Hyogo Framework in 2005. In order to quantify disaster resilience, several assessment methods were proposed, yet there exists considerable disagreement about measuring and quantifying resilience. This study proposed a two-stage approach that adds disaster-specific indicators as part of an evaluation step to the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Community (BRIC) proposed by Cutter et al. (2010) [9] . Through a two-stage approach, we expected to improve the utilization and scalability of the assessment. As a case study, resilience scores responding to maritime hazardous noxious substance (HNS) spill accidents at 17 ports in Korea were evaluated. In consequence, Ulsan and Wando were rated the most and least resilient, respectively. Further, we employed a two-stage approach using linear regression analysis between average leakage amount, as a measure of actual accident damage, and the evaluated resilience scores of ports. These quantitative results can be easily decomposed into sub-indices and stages to provide a rationale for policymakers to efficiently distribute limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore the acceptability of delivering a child-focused disaster preparedness program in primary schools in a high disaster-risk area and assess community perspectives of young people's application of preparedness skills during a large-scale bushfire in Australia. Fifteen adult community members participated in individual key-informant interviews online and in-person. Interviews were conducted one year following a major bushfire event in the community. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to determine community perceptions of the preparedness program's acceptability, applicability and impact. Findings indicated that parents and school staff valued the age-appropriate content and delivery of the preparedness program and viewed it as highly relevant, engaging and applicable for primary school children. Many reported that the program supported child-led decision making in evacuation preparedness, heightened a sense of agency, and enhanced social connectedness. Interviewees described multiple instances of children who had completed the preparedness program later enacting the key response strategies during bushfires. The findings complement calls for child preparedness education and highlight the long-term positive impacts of engaging children in disaster resilience. Accordingly, disaster risk reduction measures should incorporate child-focused strategies to foster whole-of-community resilience in high-risk areas. • We assessed perceptions of a school-based child disaster preparedness program. • Children were able to enact key strategies during a major bushfire. • Participants noted children's sense of agency, connectedness, and confidence. • The program supported whole-of-community preparedness, with household engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we take advantage of a temporarily unique panel survey to examine how Hurricane Harvey shifted individual perceptions of coastal resilience in two coastal shoreline counties (Galveston and Brazoria) directly affected by the storm. We find that, in the aftermath of the hurricane, individuals recognized they were less prepared and that recovery would take longer than expected. At the same time, social trust increased as did confidence in local government and support for increasing building standards and restricting new building structures and housing in high risk areas. We find no change in support for increased taxes or financial incentives to relocate. These shifts in attitudes were largely offset by reported hurricane damage, meaning individuals who reported experiencing the most damage became less trusting, expressed less confidence in local organizations, and were less supportive of resilience building policies. As the scope and scale of disaster-associated damages increase along with the frequency and severity of disasters, these findings can provide important insight to emergency preparedness planners and policy makers as they develop strategies to increase resilience, particularly in repetitive loss areas like the Texas Gulf Coast. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, tsunami inundation caused devastating damage over a wide area along the coast of the Tohoku region. Since then, hazard maps for tsunami flooding have been prepared or updated nationwide. These maps assume flooding in the event of a tsunami of the extreme class (L2) with a recurrence interval of 1000 years, in which the top priority is to protect lives. However, once an earthquake occurs, the situation of inundation differs depending on the earthquake rupture mechanisms and its magnitude, so the area of unexpected damage needs to be grasped as soon as possible. Therefore, a forecast of tsunami inundation and damage needs to be provided immediately after the disaster to support disaster responders' decisions. In this paper, we propose a framework to utilize a tsunami inundation and damage forecast. Specifically, we introduce "recovery levels", which allow areas that need immediate response to be more easily recognized to allocate human and physical resources. We evaluated their usefulness from the viewpoint of disaster responders by surveying users in a local government through a disaster response drill and an explanatory meeting. Consequently, it was found that the recognition and understanding of the tsunami forecast advanced, and many positive opinions were obtained about utilizing the forecast in the initial activity of disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of community disaster resilience through the development of a comprehensive set of composite indicators is becoming increasingly commonplace. Despite this growing trend, there is neither an agreement upon a standard procedure nor a comprehensive assessment of existing measurement frameworks in the relevant literature. To tackle these challenges, this study (1) proposes an overarching eight-step procedure for composite indicator building and (2) develops a meta-level assessment framework to allow for a systematic review of existing disaster resilience measurement frameworks in application of composite indicator building. This meta-level framework was established on the basis of the proposed eight-step composite indicator building procedure and qualified with the introduction of 19 dimensions and 36 metrics for quality assessment. In order to select relevant disaster resilience measures for this analysis, the study applied a systematic survey to collect measures based on four inclusion criteria: community-based, multifaceted, quantitative, and operationalized. Accordingly, 17 resilience measurement frameworks were chosen for further analysis in this review. The results of the quality assessment demonstrated that, from the theoretical perspective, resilience assessments originate from either the socio-ecological or engineering fields and can be classified into two main types of resilience indices and tools. This differs from results of the methodological perspective, which indicate that resilience measures can be characterized as deductive or similar to hierarchical and inductive assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000, for the first time in human history, the global number of older adults surpassed the number of children. Globally, the older adult population will continue to grow at unprecedented rates. The number of older adults is projected to increase to 1.5 billion by 2050. These changes have significant social and economic implications, and for future disaster risk reduction practice and policy. The purpose of this paper is to use coping review methodology to identify the evidence-based knowledge on the main drivers of seniors’ resilience throughout the disaster management cycle: i) mitigation, ii) preparedness, iii) response, and iv) recovery. The review highlights six points of discussion that may help to guide future disaster management research, policy, and practice. Overall a stronger research agenda on seniors’ disaster resilience is necessary, without such evidence seniors may continue to experience disproportionate disaster outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strength and effectiveness of social networks influence the ability of communities to cope with disaster events. Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides scope of analysing such complex networks in disaster-hit communities. We describe the application of SNA in a disaster-hit community and show the changing pattern of evolving networks during and after the disaster. The disaster event was conceptually divided into four distinct phases namely ‘extreme event’ (Phase-1), ‘immediate community response’ (Phase-2), ‘relief’ (Phase-3) and ‘rehabilitation’ (Phase-4), through a series of focus group discussions with the community. We also considered the Pre- and Post-disaster phases for before-after comparison of the community's social network. Network data for all these six phases was collected through personal interview from the affected households located besides the river embankment. For all the six phases, unique networks were found with different central nodes, although few nodes remained central in more than one the phase. Different measures of network density and mean network centrality increased from the pre-disaster stage in Phase-1, just after the disaster event, and then consistently reduced from Phase 2 to Phase 4. Then again they increased at the post-disaster phase. While the Phase-1 was characterized by endogenous nodes and ties, during the later stages, the networks assumed a core central structure constituted of both internal and external nodes, with peripheral components. The internal and external central actors maintained link between local (friends, relatives, neighbours) and external (institutional) entities. The analysis illustrates the interactions within and between community networks, and may initiate situational awareness, efficient planning, and optimal resources allocation for disaster preparedness, community resilience, and response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating the gap between disaster risk management planning by government agencies and the perception and adaptation to risk of local communities is currently challenging. Numerous studies have generated knowledge based on the value of community actions and increased resilience. This research aims to analyze the role of ancestral Andean practices in building community resilience in settlements exposed to volcanic risk. The methodology is based on the combination of quantitative methods, survey and qualitative methods, focus groups, and interviews. The case study is the Colca Valley in Arequipa, specifically the villages which were affected by the eruption of the Sabancaya volcano and by collateral seismic effects. The results support knowledge regarding risk management in Andean communities, in addition to reflecting on 4 findings related to the validity of ancestral networks and practices, the lack of community trust regarding the government's response capacity, the differences between the perception of risk according to the activities that are carried out within the same community, and the existence of different perceptions of risk according to the location of the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of disaster resilience using an index is often a key element of natural hazard management and planning. Many assessments have been undertaken worldwide. Emerging from these are a set of seven common properties that should be considered in the design of any disaster resilience assessment: assessment purpose, top-down or bottom-up assessment, assessment scale, conceptual framework, structural design, indicator selection, data analysis and index computation and reporting and interpretation. We introduce the design of an Australian Natural Disaster Resilience Index (ANDRI) according to the common properties of resilience assessment. The ANDRI takes a top-down approach using indicators derived from secondary data with national coverage. The ANDRI is a hierarchical design based on coping and adaptive capacities representing the potential for disaster resilience. Coping capacity is the means by which people or organizations use available resources, skills and opportunities to face adverse consequences that could lead to a disaster. Adaptive capacity is the arrangements and processes that enable adjustment through learning, adaptation and transformation. Coping capacity is divided into themes of social character, economic capital, infrastructure and planning, emergency services, community capital and information and engagement. Adaptive capacity is divided into themes of governance, policy and leadership and social and community engagement. Indicators are collected to determine the status of each theme. As assessments of disaster resilience develop worldwide, reporting of their design as standard practice will track knowledge generation in the field and enhance the relationship between applied disaster resilience assessment and foundational principles of disaster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs were carried out in landslide-prone areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to improve community resilience. The Wanzhou District in the TGR was selected as a case to introduce the community-based DRR (CBDRR) system. The system is community-based and government-led with the assistance of experts, police, Red Cross, etc. It involves risk investigation, education and training, landslide monitoring, information analysis, early warning system and emergency response. The landslide mechanism and element at risk were ascertained after detailed field investigation. Based on investigation, a characterized education and training to local residents was carried out. The local residents living on landslides carried out the community-based landslide monitoring. Some simple but effective monitoring methods were applied, such as steel piles, mosaic, convergence meters and smart phone, which are widely used in community-based landslide monitoring. To comprehensively understand the landslide and the data monitored by local residents, a real-time landslide monitoring system was established on several typical landslides. At last, a successful landslide emergency response was introduced to well explain the early warning system and emergency response. After carrying out the CBDRR for a decade, the landslide resilience has enhanced and the local residents are more relieved to live on landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prominent international policy documents such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and contemporary academic discourses on disasters reiterate the importance of understanding and prioritising building societal resilience. However, despite its prominent position in current and future disaster risk management, much confusion still exists on what exactly resilience entails and how it can be enhanced. This paper attempts to provide a perspective on this problem from the point of view of Complex Adaptive Systems Theory, with specific focus on the notion of emergence within adaptive systems. The paper explores the presence of emergent behaviour that could generates disaster resilience by reviewing statistical correlations between four agricultural interventions (small-scale irrigation system, farmers' associative mechanisms, appropriate crop varieties, and cropping techniques) and prominent indicators of disaster resilience (coping strategies and hazard adaptation/avoidance behaviour) in subsistence agricultural activities in Mozambique, Malawi and Madagascar. The results from the analysis illustrates that emergent behaviour in the form of various coping strategies and hazard avoidance behaviour is indeed observable in agricultural communities that use all or a combination of agricultural interventions such as small-scale irrigation systems, farmers' associative mechanisms, appropriate crop varieties, and cropping techniques. These resilience abilities are newly formed macro-level behaviours that emerge due to the interactions of agricultural interventions at a micro-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are psychologically most vulnerable to disasters. To quantitatively measure children's psychological resilience to disaster, this study proposes a children's resilience framework incorporating three components: mental health, attitude, and awareness. The proposed framework was applied and found effective by constructing Children Psychological Disaster Resilience Assessment Index. A questionnaire survey was conducted among children and their parent(s), in four disaster-prone communities of Peshawar, Pakistan. The result shows significant variations in the psychological resilience of children among the four areas. It is evident that a child's psychological resilience is an inherent characteristic, but it is not fixed or purely based upon intrinsic factors. It can be suppressed by various life stressors and enhanced with effective psychological disaster preparedness that enables children to adapt well to new perceived realities of life. The proposed framework and assessment methodology can be easily adapted and applied to quantify the psychological resilience of children and identify the precise component or set of indicators that can be improved for disaster risk reduction. • Children are often overlooked in community resilience assessment. • The proposed framework helps in understanding the disaster resilience of children. • Psychological resilience depends on present conditions and expected future damages. • Psychological resilience include mental health, life stressors, attitude, and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional resilience is the ability to resist, recover, and redevelop (creativity) after a disaster. However, few comprehensive pre-and post-disaster analyses based on resilience indicators have been conducted. This research used ordination and clustering analyses to develop a comprehensive framework that included a multi-indicator horizontal analysis and an uni-indicator longitudinal recovery trend analysis. Novel resilience evaluation criteria and a resilience score that accounted for both short-term resistance and long-term recovery and creativity are also proposed. The framework was then applied to data from 55 counties in Sichuan Province, China, before and after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (2005–2016). It was found that: (i) after the Wenchuan Earthquake, the economic and public facility-related indicators first underwent a one to three-year recovery process after which there was a period of steady redevelopment; (ii) the more economically developed regions had higher resilience; and (iii) compared with the average for the more developed regions, the underdeveloped regions appeared to have better catastrophic earthquake resistance and recovery capabilities. This research provides a comprehensive quantitative regional resilience evaluation, which could assist emergency managers and decision-makers in improving disaster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to measure risks and disasters induced by natural hazards is increasingly considered as one of the fundamental objectives to promote disaster resilience in hazard prone areas. Although constructing composite indicators has been mentioned as a key step for measuring disaster resilience, there is no agreed upon a standard procedures in the literature for measuring the concept. With these backgrounds, in this study we present a connective F’ANP model not only to construct a new set of disaster resilience indicators in the context of earthquake hazard but also to propose a new network process to calculate the weights of disaster resilience indicators. The proposed framework will then be validated through an empirical application in the Metropolitan Area of Tehran, Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is considerable research interest in the meaning and measurement of resilience to hazards and disasters. However, there are no studies to our knowledge that have made a unified framework of social resilience indicators across the three phases of disaster: pre-disaster, response and recovery. Utilizing a qualitative, multiple case approach the objectives of this project were therefore to (i) identify the most essential social resilience indicators within communities from previous studies (ii) assess these indicators through interviews with experts within the NSW State Emergency Service in regards to flooding of two case studies (iii) classify these indicators for each phase of the disaster cycle. The results of this study provide a novel and general framework for social resilience with the aim of enhancing resilient within communities in different disaster phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resilience of persons with disabilities in landslide-prone areas is not well understood. Moreover, these disasters are persistent and this information is vital in enhancing socioeconomic transformation of the livelihoods of Persons with disabilities. We anchored the resilience of Persons with disabilities to landslide hazards on four factors, namely; risk exposure, socioeconomic capacity, the individual functioning capacity, and the individual's housing infrastructure. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess the level of resilience of Persons with disabilities to landslides and (ii) to explore the significant sociodemographic factors that underpin the resilience of Persons with disabilities to landslides. We used a cross-sectional design and snowball sampling to access the households respondents for interviews. The analysis included descriptive analysis and inferential statistics computed using in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 and Microsoft Excel version 2016. The geometric mean method was used to assess the level of resilience. The Chisquare and Kendals' Tau-b were used to ascertain the underpinning sociodemographic factors to the resilience of Persons with disabilities. Results revealed that the overall resilience was low. Sex, education level, and access to disaster training significantly controlled resilience among Persons with disabilities. We conclude that Persons with disabilities in landslideprone areas have low resilience and receive little attention with respect to rescue and recovery amidst these recurrent hazards in the area. There is a need to boost the resilience of Persons with disabilities, especially the housing infrastructure and functioning capacity taking into account their social networks to build the socioeconomic and preparedness wings of disaster resilience among Persons with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihoods, and the household assets that support them, are crucial for households' own disaster resilience, and for their capacity to provide support to other households during an emergency and recovery phases. Using a combination of a quantitative survey, and interviews and focus group discussions for qualitative depth, this study looks closely at the human capital, natural assets, physical assets, and financial capital that households in two Bangladeshi coastal villages rely on for disaster resilience. During the emergency response period, health and physical strength (human capital), and food stocks (physical capital) are the assets that households most rely on. Other kinds of assets (natural, and financial) play larger roles during early and long-term recovery phases. On average, each household has one healthy member of working age who is not employed, so expanding livelihood opportunities, both locally (e.g. in fish processing) and in skilled employment elsewhere (e.g. through technical education) is fundamental. Coastal households in Bangladesh are generally very poor. Only 4% of households were housed in concrete homes that are relatively cyclone resilient. Their main livelihood assets - boats, nets and agricultural land - are also all very vulnerable to cyclonic impacts. Strengthening disaster resilience via improving the asset base of coastal households is a 'general resilience' agenda. This broader development agenda is the foundation for improving disaster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have provided stark insights into the challenges of dealing with multiple, overlapping disasters in many parts of the world. Climate change reports indicate that these severe and complex disaster scenarios are likely to become more frequent. This paper provides a reflective oversight of the changing roles of universities in the context of these new disaster risk scenarios. A transformative approach is encouraged as part of an array of resilience strategies, interconnected systemically and temporally. A framework for disaster resilient universities is proposed based on the literature relating to the different spheres of university responsibilities and respective stakeholder groups, with due consideration for underlying principles and social responsibilities for disaster resilience. • Increasing disaster risks require universities to consider their resilience capacity. • A complex array of strategies is required, including transformational changes. • A framework is proposed to guide university development of resilience strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a pressing need for longitudinal assessments of a community׳s level of disaster resilience in order to identify appropriate strategies for building and enhancing resilience. Despite significant challenges, there are several assessment tools available that organize and emphasize specific resilience themes in multiple ways, at multiple scales. In this study we adapt the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) to apply to our case study region and call upon local and district disaster management experts to evaluate the appropriateness of the assessment tool for this case study location. Our findings identify that the absence of an ecological resilience theme has limited the usefulness of the BRIC for the case study region, as has the inability of the BRIC to transition between local to regional scale indicators of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing literature on housing resilience, there is limited understanding of multisector stakeholder value systems on housing resilience. To allow for more effective collaboration among multisector stakeholders in facilitating housing resilience, there is a need to understand how these stakeholders' values are similar to or different from one another. To address this need, this study aims to (1) understand housing resilience values and value priorities among public, private, nonprofit, and academic stakeholders, and (2) analyze the similarities and differences of stakeholder value priorities across multiple sectors. The study is based on the case study of the City of Miami (CoM), a city that is extremely vulnerable to disasters. The primary data collection methods include in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 50) with multisector stakeholder representatives. The values that were most frequently discussed by the stakeholders include affordability, structural robustness and integrity, comfort and health, connectivity, and contingency and adaptability. While there is a consensus on the values, there are some substantial disparities in the value priorities of stakeholders across different sectors. Physical and built environment resilience values were emphasized more by academic stakeholders, while environmental and social resilience values were more of a concern to the public sector. Social and economic resilience values were highlighted more by nonprofit sector stakeholders. The findings from this study offer insights to policy makers on how they can find common ground among multisector stakeholders and promote more collaborative and human-centered housing resilience practices in cities vulnerable to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals are socially critical institutions that provide essential healthcare services to save lives and promote human health. However, the potential of hospitals reducing preventable prehospital deaths in the community is unknown. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to assess hospitals for disaster risk reduction, not only to continue to provide essential healthcare services in crisis times, but also to manage community disaster resilience in normal times. We performed a systematic review of previous publications to examine the existing frameworks. Based on the review, we organized consensus meetings with experts and developed a comprehensive conceptual framework for hospitals after conducting a feasibility study in two hospitals. The components of the framework consist of (1) hospital business continuity plans (BCPs) inside hospitals (providing essential services and receiving assistance from unaffected areas) and (2) hospital management for disaster risk reduction outside hospitals (strengthening the healthcare coalition and promoting infrastructure and community management). This framework indicates how hospitals can proactively act as hub institutions during their daily operations for disaster risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consideration of the socioecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the subject of how rural settlements can respond to disturbances and achieve sustainable development is important. From the perspective of the disaster resilience of socioecological systems, this study first identified the disaster types historically faced by rural settlements in Xinjiang, China. Then, based on the evolution of these settlements, the landscape carrier was divided into four levels: the overall village pattern, street networks, central landmarks, and special public spaces. Four stages of disaster adaptation were then identified—namely, predisaster defense, disaster impact, postdisaster recovery, and adaptation. Finally, based on the experience of disaster resilience and adaptation in traditional rural settlements, the resilience mechanism of adaptation to disasters was proposed for rural communities in Xinjiang. Specifically, the universal construction of water-conservancy facilities to adapt to disasters is key for these settlements to continuously enhance resilience, with government-guided deployment providing institutional guarantees. Moreover, the wisdom gleaned from local construction experience with disaster adaptation can further strengthen rural resilience. Finally, religious cultural norms can provide a behavioral basis for residents to organize and effectively adapt to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing frequency of natural hazards continues to stretch the operation of hospital services. Hospitals are expected to remain fully operational during and in the immediate aftermath of hazards to serve those who need healthcare. Despite the substantial research work on preparedness, hospitals still vulnerable and, in many cases, incapable of responding adequately due to issues such as damage to infrastructure and shortage of staff. Substantial research work was conducted on staff willingness to attend workplace; however, little work was able to ascertain the actual capability of staff to attend. This study aims to evaluate the capability of hospital staff to attend their workplace regardless of their backgrounds, jobs, and levels, making it a more accurate representation of the natural operation of hospitals. It contributes to the healthcare resilience body of knowledge, specifically related to hospital staff attendance during and post-disaster events. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey distributed to 1841 hospital staff members from different departments. Results show that the decision to attend the duty during or post-disaster event involves many complex personal and professional factors that can change, depending on the type of disaster, working environment preparedness and the personal responsibilities of the staff. Dependency, travel, training, and mental health in addition to age and work experience influence the capability to staff attend hospital post disasters. Findings established each of hospital's departments, services and professions play a key role in the provision of healthcare service no matter their backgrounds, role, and hierarchical levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster resilience is one of the essential capabilities of communities to minimize the negative impact of disasters. Because of its importance and multidimensional characteristics, disaster resilience has been investigated in various research fields including natural science, engineering, and social science. However, despite the extensive studies on community disaster resilience, the gap between the developed methodologies and the available databases still makes it challenging to assess the disaster resilience of communities. To overcome this issue and make the most of the available open databases, this paper proposes a community disaster resilience clustering (CDRC) method. To assess the disaster resilience of community building portfolios, The CDRC separately evaluates the physical vulnerability using open GIS building databases and socioeconomic recoverability using census database. The method then integrates the two measures through clustering to characterize the disaster resilience of the community in terms of physical vulnerability and socioeconomic recoverability. To demonstrate the concept and advantages of CDRC, the proposed method was compared with other existing approaches using a virtual community example. Next, the CDRC method was applied to a real community example using the GIS database and the census data of South Korea. The results indicate that the CDRC method successfully categorizes communities in terms of disaster resilience and provides useful insights for resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited studies on the role that community-based leadership plays in small island communities to achieve disaster resilience. Hence, this research sought to address the gap. Utilizing the toolkit for measuring community disaster resilience (MCDR) by GOAL, the study examined factors that contribute to or impede the successes of community-based leadership of the people of Pugad Island in the Philippines to achieve disaster resilience. Research findings reveal the interplay of the strengths and limitations in the practice of disaster risk reduction (DRR) among the community-based leadership of Pugad which fostered and hindered the achievement of their community disaster resilience. Such interplay revolved around the wins and limits on the practice of community leadership, upholding of human rights, funding for community-based DRR plans, partnerships with external development actors, and inclusion of vulnerable groups, including women, in DRR. Recommendations were given in the study to foster more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable means to prepare the people of Pugad for impending hazards and further enhance their community disaster resilience. Such recommendations are also applicable to small island communities facing similar challenges in the Asia-Pacific and equatorial regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building community resilience to disasters is promoted by governments and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction as a means of enabling communities to cope with and recover from disasters. This study was an applied research project, which aimed to explore how the actions of Australian nonprofit organisations (NPOs) contributed to building community resilience to disasters. To do this, resilience theory in the disaster setting, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and social capital theory were used to build a study framework for 'what matters most' when building community resilience to disasters. This framework was then applied to stakeholder noted NPO actions and strengths, to identify and critique how these organisations were perceived by stakeholders to build community resilience before, during and after disasters. This study enhances the evidence base of the role of NPOs in the disaster setting. Actions of the NPOs studied provide valued support to impacted communities and demonstrate how these organisations can enable communities to respond more effectively before, during and after disasters. Actions of the NPOs studied included: running fire and risk awareness workshops, coordinating Food Banks, establishing other community support organisations such as Men's Sheds, funding vaccinations, operating community barbeques, establishing and running tool libraries, and enabling speedy access to local assets. Strengths of the NPOs were identified by representatives of the organisations themselves and by emergency management personal. Unanimously, NPOs were recognised for their: community connections, access to vulnerable people, local knowledge, motivated volunteer base, and their creative, flexible solutions to tricky problems. • A community resilience 'what matters most' conceptual framework, incorporating resilience theory in the disaster setting, Sendai Framework and social capital theory. • Actions of nonprofit organisations in the disaster setting. • Strengths of nonprofit organisations in the disaster setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has shown that populations within diverse communities are affected by natural hazards and disasters disproportionately. Critically, it is suggested that it is the fault of pre-existing socioeconomic conditions and systemic discrimination which lead to such inequitable disaster outcomes, as geophysical phenomena themselves are unable to discriminate between peoples. Despite this understanding, limited studies have been conducted in developing a systematic procedure for alleviating the inequities of disasters; a review of the concepts of equity and equality in the context of disaster resilience is presented. Given these issues, a novel framework for designing disaster resource distributions has been proposed. The Societally-Informed Optimization of Resource Distributions (SIORD) framework provides guidance on designing resource distributions which lead to equitable disaster outcomes. This framework uses both physical and societal indicators to model the characteristics of a community and to predict the resulting population impacts of a given natural hazard event. Computational optimization, through the use of genetic algorithms, serves as the main analytic tool for designing societally fair resource distributions. In order to place social equity metrics as the primary objective function, a novel measurement of social equity in a disaster setting was developed, and ready-to-use social equity metrics are described for use in the framework. Recommendations are provided towards the framework's implementation into practice in the context of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a national-scale assessment of disaster resilience, using the Australian Disaster Resilience Index. The index assesses resilience at three levels: overall capacity for disaster resilience; coping and adaptive capacity; and, eight themes of disaster resilience across social, economic and institutional domains. About 32% of Australia's population (7.6 million people) live in an area assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. About 52% of Australia's population (12.3 million people) live in an area assessed as having moderate capacity for disaster resilience. The remaining 16% of Australia's population (3.8 million people) live in an area assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience. Distribution of disaster resilience in Australia is strongly influenced by a geography of remoteness. Most metropolitan and inner regional areas were assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. In contrast, most outer regional, remote and very remote areas were assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience, although areas of low capacity for disaster resilience can occur in metropolitan areas. Juxtaposed onto this distribution, themes of disaster resilience highlight strengths and barriers to disaster resilience in different communities. For example, low community capital and social cohesion is a disaster resilience barrier in many metropolitan areas, but higher community capital and social cohesion in outer regional and some remote areas supports disaster resilience. The strategic intent of a shared responsibility for disaster resilience can benefit from understanding the spatial distribution of disaster resilience, so that policies and programmes can address systemic influences on disaster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarships conceptualise resilience as capacities that are driven by a set of capitals to produce outcomes such as influencing preparedness (pre-disasters), mitigating impacts (during the events) and enhancing recovery (post-disasters). However, there is limited understanding about if and how these capitals actually affect resilience outcomes differently over the disaster cycle. Using household survey data from four informal settlements in Ghana, this article extracts the dimensions of household capitals to examine how they shape resilience outcomes in each disaster phase. The findings reveal complex relationships between household capitals and disaster outcomes demonstrating an intricate implication for pre-, during, and post-disaster resilience among households. It was revealed that dimensions of household capitals indicating higher economic status were linked to worse impacts from flooding but were essential for facilitating household recovery over time. Meanwhile, social capital proved beneficial for distinct outcomes of resilience by motivating preparedness, mitigating impacts as well as facilitating recovery from flooding. The article recommends that disaster planning and policies should not assume unidimensional implications but critically consider this complex relationship between household capitals and resilience outcomes. • This article analyses household data to examine how sets of capitals influence resilience capacities to flooding. • Dimensions of household capitals produce facilitating or inhibiting outcomes at different stages of the disaster cycle. • New scholarships and policies need to consider this complexity in planning for disaster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods are among the most deadly disasters that affect people's well-being and livelihoods in China. Although improving resilience to floods is an important measure for disaster mitigation, few studies compare flood resilience in different watershed regions in China. To fill this gap, we constructed a comprehensive evaluation model that focused on revising the indicator system. We used the entropy-weighting TOPSIS method to comprehensively consider the four dimensions of economy, society, environment, and management, and then we diagnosed the resilience to flood disasters in 31 key flood control cities across China. The results showed that both cities in the Haihe River Basin and the provincial capitals had a stronger resilience to flooding than other basins, but for the cities of the Huaihe River Basin, resilience was weaker. In some regions with weak economic strength, however, the resilience to floods was strong. The levels of urban infrastructure, water conservation projects, and information about water conservation should be enhanced to improve flood resilience. • Indicator system for the resilience to floods is amended. • Entropy-weighting TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the resilience to floods. • Cities in Huaihe River Basin has lower flood resilience than other basins in China. • Resilience to floods is strong in some regions with weak economic strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and broad-based housing recovery is key to successful, resilient community recovery, due to the significant share of housing in disaster losses, population retention, and its importance for household and business recovery. In the literature, there is relative consensus on how housing damage is shaped by pre-impact conditions at household and neighborhood levels. However, systematic longitudinal studies that compare the recovery trajectories of different types of housing are rare. Here, we examine long-term recovery trajectories after Hurricane Ike (2008) in Galveston, Texas using parcel level data for multifamily, single-family, and duplexes over an eight-year period. Overall, we found that recovery trajectories differed significantly across housing types. Multifamily housing and duplex homes recover more slowly compared to single-family houses after controlling for damage and socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods. These findings substantiate conclusions of previous research and call for disaster recovery assistance programs targeting recovery disparities among residential types to better ensure broad-based housing recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]