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Aim: To determine the association of fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) with dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD). Method: This collaborative prospective interventional clinical study was carried out by the Biochemistry Department, at the University of Karachi-Pakistan, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi-Pakistan and Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan. The study duration was from March 2019 to May 2020. Participants were identified on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Of 34 participants, 17 were NDD and 17 were healthy. Demographics and anthropometric details were noted on a predesigned questionnaire. Blood samples were collected at fasting state for plasma glucose, lipid profile, HbA1c, and hormones (GIP and GLP-1). Results: The healthy participants included nine males and eight females, and the NDD participants included ten males and seven females. Mean age was 50.78±2.44 years and BMI was 28.41±0.76 kg/m2. Among healthy participants, both GIP and GLP-1 showed non-significant weak correlation for biochemical parameters. In NDD participants, GIP showed significantly negative moderate correlation with age and non-HDL and positive moderate correlation with LDL only. However, GLP-1 showed significantly positive moderate correlation with total cholesterol (r = 0.564, p = 0.018), LDL (r = 0.498, p = 0.042), HDL (r = 0.50, p = 0.041) and non-HDL (r = 0.503, p = 0.047) in NDD participants. Conclusion: The effect of GIP and GLP-1 measures on dyslipidemia were substantially different among NDD participants in our population. In the NDD group, GLP-1 is significantly moderately associated with dyslipidemia compared to GIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background /purpose: Leptin—a protein hormone that plays vital role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, involved in regulating the circadian rhythms of gonadotropic, thyrotropic and adrenal axes in the endocrine system. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to correlate serum leptin levels and other demographic and biochemical parameters between prediabetic cases and control subjects of Kashmiri population. Furthermore, association of serum leptin levels with various demographic and biochemical parameters along with insulin resistance in pre-diabetic subjects was elucidated. In our study, pre-diabetic cases (n = 212) and healthy controls (n = 196) were enrolled. Methods: All study subjects underwent anthropometric assessment. Serum samples of all study subjects were analysed for biochemical parameters employing the principle of spectrophotometry and leptin levels using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin levels of prediabetic cases were deduced by chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay (CMIA) technology and thereby calculating their insulin resistance. Results: The cases had statistically increased leptin levels, lipid profile and obesity as compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). Our study, showed a positive correlation between elevated leptin levels and increased lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglycerides; TG and very low density lipoproteins-cholesterol; VLDL-C) in prediabetics (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Beyond adiposity, leptin levels may increase the risk of pre-diabetes in Kashmiri population. Since the secretion, estimation and measurements of leptins are modest in contrast to insulin levels; therefore, leptin levels can also be included in the routine measurement as an indicator of metabolic syndrome and/or T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To observe the influence of mulberry (Morus indica L. cv Suguna) leaves on lipid abnormalities in STZ-diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Treatment with dried mulberry leaf powder for a period of 8 weeks in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic STZ-diabetic rats.Results: Mulberry leaves regulated fasting blood glucose, ameliorated the abnormalities in lipid profile as indicated by significant (P<0.01) decrease in serum triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and plasma free fatty acids by 50, 6, 31 and 22% respectively in STZ- diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats which had significantly (P<0.01) raised levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and free fatty acids than the normal control rats. A marked increase in fecal bile acids (154%) was observed in mulberry treated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control group indicating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. In addition, mulberry supplementation significantly lowered LDL-C (67%) and VLDL-C (44%) levels and increased HDL-C (53%) and also decreased atherogenic index (58%) significantly when compared to the diabetic control group.Conclusion: Besides the diabetic rats, mulberry leaves affected lipid profile in normal rats also indicating hypolipidemic effect as a result of the synergistic action of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]