To cite this article: Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 232–236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00374.x Marchisio O, Esposito MR, Genovesi A. Salivary pH level and bacterial plaque evaluation in orthodontic patients treated with Recaldent® products. Dental caries and resulting tooth decay can produce a multifactorial destructive process with a very high incidence. Cariogenic bacteria attack enamel with acids that produce subsurface lesions, thereby weakening the enamel and allowing bacterial progression into the dentin. The formation of dental decay, because of demineralization of the tooth structure, can be prevented or delayed by increasing the rate of the tooth’s remineralization and replacement relative to the tooth’s rate of demineralization. This rebuilding of enamel may be accelerated by the addition of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with the aid of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) (Recaldent® molecule). In this study, the role of CPP in stabilizing and releasing ACP on the tooth surface has been investigated to better understand its efficacy in the prevention of tooth demineralization in orthodontic patients. Twenty-five patients who wore fixed orthodontic appliances were enrolled in this clinical trial. It was explained to the patients that CPP–ACP would be used for 3 weeks and then suspended for an additional 3 weeks. Salivary pH evaluation, plaque pH evaluation and oral hygiene index (OHI) were performed at T0, T1 and T2. Results showed an increase in OHI level and an increase of the salivary pH (76% of the patients). Instead of plaque pH level that showed trivial results, only 48% of the patients showed a bacterial plaque pH increase. In conclusion, this study has not provided unequivocal evidence for the protective properties of Recaldent® molecule. Long-term studies are necessary to better understand the role of this molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]