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Hadoop MapReduce is the community accepted platform that deals with the gigantic data in an efficient and cost-effective manner. To cope up with ever growing datasets and shrinking time to analyze them, Hadoop MapReduce leveraged parallelize computations on large distributed clusters consisting of many machines. Careful consideration of the factors affecting the Hadoop MapReduce can enhance its performance. Many researches has been done for improving the total job execution time of MapReduce by optimizing different parameters. The replication factor is still unexplored for its effect on the MapReduce job completion time. This paper focuses on the evaluation of data replication factor on MapReduce job completion time using regression analysis. The performance of the Hadoop MapReduce job in terms of total job completion time is monitored experimentally by changing different values of replication. The evaluation results evidently shows the dependence of the job completion time on the replication factor. The dependence of total job completion time on the replication has been verified both analytically and experimentally.

this paper, the new algorithm named Key Factor Authentication and Access Control (KFAAC) is used to ensure the security and access control of cloud services from the clients. Cloud and Web services becoming more popular in recent days. Instead of using offline applications peoples intended to use online applications and services with updated features with recent crisis. Providing best services to the client is becoming a major role for cloud service providers. In the same time better access restriction and authentication policy should be preserved. This proposed system Key Factor Authentication and Access Control provide better access security for the cloud clients. It uses Key Encryption Scheme to validate client to ensure their uniqueness. KFA is implemented and tested under cloud environment and it shows better access control and security. KeywordsControl, Web services, Cloud Security, DES encryption, privacy preserving authentication, Cloud Service security.

Almost all countries have imposed strict laws on the disclosure of Personally Identifiable Information(PII). However PII need to be published for many purposes like research. In such cases, we apply different types of methods like anonymization, encryption etc. This paper discuss about the different methods of anonymization of tabular microdata. The most popular method of data anonymization of tabular data is k-anonymity. However, it suffers from many attacks and hence l-diversity was proposed. The l-diversity anonymization also possessed various limitations and hence t-closeness was proposed. This paper summarize these anonymization techniques and their limitations.

This study proposes a novel, simple, and efficient algorithm using explorer nodes to overcome the replica node attack in static wireless sensor networks. In the replica node attack, the adversary captures a legitimate node in the network and extracts its important information, including its ID, to generate and inject several replica nodes in the network. These nodes are controlled by the adversary and have the ability to link legitimate nodes. Therefore, these replica nodes can easily have their corruptive impacts on network integrity. The main notion of the proposed algorithm is to collect spatial and neighborhood information by mobile explorer nodes in the network environment to detect replica nodes. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts: 1recording information in the buffer of explorer nodes, and 2verifying buffer content to detect potential replica nodes. The proposed algorithm is implemented and its efficiency is evaluated by a set of experiments in terms of replica node detection rate. Furthermore, evaluation results are compared with existing algorithms and indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods.

the digital data is transferred over the internet which may harm the digital data like tampering of data etc. Therefore, the need of digital data protection has been increased with the advancement in the technology. Watermarking is a technique used to protect the digital data. Digital watermarking is a technique by using which user can get the copyright of its product which prevents the data from tampering. Many techniques are available for video watermarking like Discrete Wavelet Transform, Least Significant Bit Technique etc. (2).The properties of digital watermarking are For copy control, In fingerprinting, For identification of ownership, For Authentication, Monitoring of digital video broadcast, In video tagging etc. (1).

In recent time, biometric have been utilized broadly for verification and authentication purposes. Numerous changes and advances have been executed are as yet being created. Some issues in unimodal like absence of comprehensiveness, interclass variety and affectability to assaults which prompt spoofing of the verification framework are resolved by multimodal biometric system. Multimodal biometric system combines more than one biometric trait to authenticate a person’s identity. In this paper three biometric traits face, Iris and fingerprint have been combined to develop a secure biometric system. Matching level fusion has been done on traits. Proposed system is more secure since it is using FastIca over face, Hough transformation on Iris. Face acknowledgment is most natural and satisfactory in personality confirmation; Iris and fingerprint have unique features and more accurate. Also Fuzzy logic is applied on the fusion of these three biometric traits.

Authentication and copyright protection of digital data is a matter of big concern in the present times. As forgery techniques are becoming more sophisticated day by day, incidents of copying and tampering of digital data without the owner‟s permission are on the rise. Digital data can be manipulated and copied easily, therefore it becomes important to protect owner data by using some rights protection system. In this paper, various approaches to protect digital data (Audio, Video etc.) using watermarking techniques are discussed. Watermarking is one of the best approach to protect digital data and prove user authenticity. Watermarking technique provides protection against illegal distribution of digital data. Watermarking is a process to embed some noise tolerant signal in the original signal. This technique is very effective against various types of attacks on the digital data and hence provides a robust solution for data theft cases. This paper is a review of different watermarking techniques for protecting digital data.

biometric system is a secured recognition system that is used for the establishment of the personal identification of the individuals using their biometrics which are unique features and make the system more authentic. Our aim, here is to build such a system which gives more accurate confirmation of the individual identities. In this paper, we have used one biometric trait i.e. fingerprint for identification. The features of fingerprints have been extracted using different combinations of existing transforms generated by the Kroneckar product of two transforms at a time to form hybrid transform. The existing orthogonal transforms which are used here are DCT, DFT, Walsh, Haar and Kekre. By generating the energy matrix and extracting the features by varying the energy threshold from 95% to 99.99% efficiency of the fingerprint biometric system obtained is up to 94.64% with the hybrid transform (DCT and Walsh combination). KeywordsRecognition; Transformations; Wavelets; Kroenecker product; Hybrid transform; Fingerprint.

digital data is increasing and securing these assets is vital. Generating and distribution of digital content via Internet has raised many opportunity for good and bad reasons. Many cases on piracy and privacy are registered for falsification, tampering or forgery on digital data like database, multimedia, document etc. And most important is to protect personal privacy. In view of, these two problems of piracy and privacy our research focused in identification of k- tuples using k-anonyminity algorithm and watermarking them. Here, privacy preserved K-anonymity algorithm is modified and developed to identify the sensitive attributes to transfer to other parties after solving the privacy issues. Then, the sensitive attribute is modified to preserve the privacy in a way that to handle the piracy of database. This provides additional advantage of copyright protection along with privacy preservation. After exact identification the sensitive tuples by the k-anonymity algorithm, the tuples will be watermarked based on our embedding procedure.

Fingerprint improvement is a serious part in automatic fingerprint recognition system. It is an essential select the suitable improvement approaches for fingerprint, in order to reduce the processing part of the fingerprint recognition system. Various methods of improvement fingerprint images described based upon non-stationary directional Fourier domain filtering. Fingerprints are first curved using a directional filter whose orientation is everywhere matched to local orientation. A robust method for latent fingerprint verification improvement is studied. In contrast with most state-of-art-method, approaches do not rely on the information of local gradients, which are sensitive to structured and unstructured background noise. Thus the previous methods are robust against gradient deviations. It also provides forceful estimates to frequencies of fingerprints in a limited region to allow effective filtering for fingerprint ridges and valley pattern improvement.

Cloud computing is recent blooming technology which provides various services like storage, platform, applications etc. through internet. In cloud computing, data owner hosts (stores) their data on cloud servers and data users access those data through cloud servers any time and from any place. This leads to data outsourcing on cloud in high amount. But because of vast amount of data on cloud, it increases security challenges again on data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality in the form of data hacking. Here data owner has no idea about the whereabouts of storage locations. To check for the data loss, data owner has to be online continuously and monitor the data all the time; hence increases the overhead on data owner which owner surely wants to avoid because that’s the reason of using cloud services. So the strong need of security mechanism, introduces the concept of Third Party Auditor (TPA) to the world. Cloud’s public audit ability lets third party auditor (TPA) checks for data integrity. Here in this paper, various issues and challenges come across when data is stored on cloud, has been analyzed. Various papers discussed here, describes various techniques for secure cloud storage to provide privacy preserving public auditing.

is an open source cloud platform created by Rackspace Hosting and NASA. It is primarily used for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) deployments. IaaS deployments deal with physical/infrastructural aspects of the virtualization provided by cloud which signifies - storage, computing power, Random Access Memory (RAM) for efficient utilization of resources. This paper presents the installation steps for the "Liberty" Release of OpenStack using the PackStack installer script. It also describes how to launch an instance using an image of the "CirrOS" cloud OS, pinging and accessing it via Secure Shell (SSH). Keywordscomputing, OpenStack, IaaS, Liberty, CirrOS, PackStack, Open Source

In the midst of the last decades, information security has become an important issue. Encryption and decryption of data have recently been universally researched and developed as there is a need for a secure encryption and decryption which is very difficult to break. Cryptography offers main functions to meet these demands. Today, researchers have proposed several encryption and decryption algorithms such as AES, DES, RSA, and others. But most of the proposed algorithms encountered some problems such as lack of robustness and significant amount of time taken in encryption/decryption of data residing on server in cloud to maintain the security in cloud. In this paper, the cloud security enhanced by EnDeCloudReports simulator tool is analyzed on various parameters and attacks which in turn enhance the data security in Cloud by making it difficult for attacker to predicate a pattern as well as speed of the encryption / decryption scheme.

Data mining has wide variety of real time application in many fields such as financial, telecommunication, biological, and among government agencies. Classification is the one of the main task in data mining. For the past few years, due to the increment in various privacy problem, many conceptual and feasible solution to the classification problem have been proposed under different certainty prototype. With the increment of cloud computing users have an opportunity to offload the data and processing to the cloud, in an encrypted form. The data in the cloud are in encrypted form, existing privacy preserving classification systems are not relevant. This paper reviews how to perform privacy preserving k-NN classification over encrypted data in the cloud. The recommended protocol preserves privacy of data, protect the user query, and hide the access mode.

A Wireless Networks are more accessible to different types of attack than wired Network. One such attack is Wormhole Attack, in which traffic is forwarded and replayed from one location to another through the Wormhole tunnel without negotiating any cryptographic techniques over the network. Thus, it is challenging to defend against this attack. In this paper we review WSN concept and Wormhole Attack. Then we discuss classification of wormhole Attack and also mention few of the initiatives to detect the Wormhole Attack.

Out of the newly emerging and promising technologies is Cloud computing and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) which can also be claimed as something the adoption of which is hampered by data security concerns. Simultaneously, Trusted Computing (TC) is also getting its burning interest as security mechanism for IaaS. This paper presents a protocol and addresses the issue of the lack of an implementable mechanism with a proportion that it will ensure the launch of a virtual machine (VM) instance on a trusted remote compute host. A trusted launch protocol for VM instances and images in public IaaS environments has been designed for Relying on Trusted Platform Module operations such as binding and sealing to provide integrity guarantees for clients that require a trusted VM launch. This paper also presents an evidence -of-concept implementation of the protocol that is solely based on Open Stack, an opensource IaaS platform. The proposed results would provide a strong stand for the use of TC mechanisms within IaaS platforms. It will also open the path for a bigger applicability of TC to IaaS security. This technology empowers the companies to take the costs down by outsourcing computations which are on-burning demand. Nevertheless, clients of cloud computing services at present do not have any means by which they can verify the confidentiality and integrity of their data and computation. This problem is addressed to propose the design of a trusted cloud computing platform (TCCP). To impart a closed box execution environment, TCCP empowers Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers such as Open stack IaaS platform. It also ensures the confidential execution of guest virtual machines. Besides, it also lets the users confirm to the IaaS provider and determine if the service is secure before they launch their virtual machines.

Data encryption has become more important in the world of information, in order to secure the information during communicating or transmitting and to prevent an illegal person from achieving on the sensitive information. In this paper, fingerprint encryption algorithm is proposed which is used to encrypt data. Fingerprint image is used to generate three types of fingerprint keys which are derived from different types of fingerprint features. These keys are (bifurcation, ending and minutiae keys). The proposed fingerprint encryption algorithms use the fingerprint keys and table in encryption and decryption process. This method used the fingerprint key with a simple equation in order to generate the encryption key. The encryption key used to encrypt and decrypt data. The results show three different cipher texts in hexadecimal form which are encrypted by using the new algorithm. The differences among these texts are very large. The large differences due to use a larger look up table with (256×256) dimensions in encryption. The simulation results of the new encryption method give high security with a good performance.

The highly distribution of cloud storage as a mean to store data rises the need to find a suitable forensic methods to extract forensic evidences during investigating criminal or illegal activities on cloud accounts. Most accurate evidences can be extracted from cloud serves; however forensic investigators cannot grant access to cloud servers due to privacy policies followed by cloud providers. Actually, amount of evidences can be extracted from client devices that may be of forensic investigator’s interests. This research utilizes open source cloud software to study cloud client structure to extract potential evidences from cloud client devices that will serve cloud forensic investigation field.

to the uniqueness and persistent properties of the biometric fingerprint characteristics, large scale in border control and governmental applications such as the Aadhaar project in India, the Visa Information System (VIS) in Europe and US-VISIT / IDENT system in the USA are based on fingerprint recognition and generally contain millions of fingerprint samples. The study of fingerprint indexing techniques is inevitable, to improve the effectiveness in searching for satisfactory candidate reference list in such large biometric databases. In systems using biometric identification, the identity associated with the input data is decided by its comparison against every single entry in the database. This matching process is exhaustive which leads to increase in the rate of erroneous identification and the response time of the system. This paper presents a survey on the fingerprint indexing methods that are currently available and some of them are presented. Fingerprint indexing is based on the local ridge line orientation, global feature, minutiae and other features. KeywordsIndexing, Fingerprint, minutiae

watermarking is widely used as one of the techniques to identify ownership and protect copyrights of digital images. The watermark inserted may be visible or invisible. A Visible watermark, which is nothing but a digital pattern logo or trademark, directly convey ownership information on the media, while invisible watermarks do it indirectly after being extracted with the help of extraction techniques. A visual watermark should be such that it is clearly visible in order to survive legal procedure, yet important details of host image should not be lost. Better visibility requires higher amount of modification to the host image leading to introduction of larger amount of error and reduced PSNR. Visible watermarking methods are devised to embed visible watermarks by automatically determining the required optimal strength of the watermark to be inserted. One important problem with visual watermarking is that attackers can remove the watermarks by utilizing specialized algorithms like inpainting and insert their own watermarks. In order to prevent removal attack, visible watermarks having highly textured patterns or widely varying colors should be inserted into highly textured image areas. Many of the visible watermarking algorithms fail to embed watermarks in images with higher texture content. This paper proposes a reversible visible watermarking method that can deal with high texture content for the image area as well as the watermark. The watermark image with its range reduced by a factor of α is added to the host image, whose range is also reduced by a factor of 1-α. The α factor is automatically determined based on the entropy of the host as well as the watermark images. The copyright owner can easily recover the original host image with minimal error, provided information regarding the scaling factors, position of watermark and the watermark itself are preserved. Experimental results established the effectiveness of the method proposed.

digital word it is very common to distribute digital image as a part of multimedia technology by use of the Internet. Security of this digital data over the Internet is very popular field among researchers. Watermarking is a process that embeds data or watermark inside data such that it cannot be easily accessed by authorized person. Watermarking provides copyright protection of digital data. Digital Image Water marking is a subfield of Digital watermarking, and it concerns with protection of digital image from unauthorized reproduction and modification. In digital watermarking, a secondary image is a watermark and this watermark lied into the host image and provides protection. Different Digital Image watermarking methods have been proposed in this field to maintain content authentication, copyright protection, tamper protection and many other application. This paper presents a model for digital image watermarking, properties and applications. Moreover, this paper present a survey on different types of digital Image watermarks. This paper reviews different aspects of digital image watermarking for protecting digital data and provide review of digital image watermarking methods named: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).

Security issues have given rise to immerging an active area of research due to the many security threats that most of the organizations have faced at present. Despite the advancements in cloud computing, the organizations are slow in accepting it, due to security threats that make a cloud environment to be source of data breaching. Maintaining privacy for the high dimensional database has become an important aspect of security. This paper, emphasizes on protecting the data in public cloud using data anonymization techniques. Anonymization is the process of making the sensitive data to be de-identified and preventing this data to be linked with identities of an individual or an organization. The data has to be anonymised, thereby preventing it from malicious attack & at the same time data must be also made available for the owner of the data. To preserve the data from the attacker, two methods of privacy preserving models are used k-anonymity and l-diversity. Finally, in this paper an algorithm for graph anonymisation is presented, called the Evolutionary Algorithm for Graph Anonymization (EAGA) that is based on k-anonymity model.

print-scan operation is still challenging in the watermarking community, some watermarking techniques were proposed in the literature to deal with this operation. These watermarking techniques are still very sensitive to degradations produced by the print-scan process. This paper investigates a watermarking technique in the Fourier domain that is robust to degradation produced when an image is printed in physical support then rescanned. The watermark is embedded in a middle frequency band of the discrete Fourier transform of an image using the improved spread spectrum technique. Some image restoration techniques were implemented. They were tested on images which were watermarked, printed and then rescanned before the watermark extraction. Experimental results clearly show the advantage of using the proposed approach. KeywordsFourier transformation, spread spectrum, print-scan, image restoration.

VANET is a vehicular ad hoc network. This is a part of mobile ad hoc network. VANETs also called as intelligent transportation system (ITS) in which vehicles communicate to provide timely information. Their aim is to provide security, information and management of network. Instead of their many advantages vehicular network is prone to various attacks. Like prankster attack, denial of service attack, blackhole attack, alteration attack, fabrication attack, man in the middle attack, timing attack, illusion attack etc. In this we will use GPSR protocol to remove the Sybil attack. In GPSR protocol physical measurement of vehicle can be verified at any time and GPS coordinates will be compared. If GPS coordinate matched then there is no attack.

Cloud computing is a specialised form of distributed computing that introduces utilization models for remotely provisioning scalable and measured resources. The driving motivation behind the cloud computing is to provide IT resources as a service that encapsulates other IT resources. Data service outsourcing is one of the service that is economically enabled by the cloud computing. But in order to protect data privacy sensitive data has to be encrypted before outsourcing to the commercial public cloud. Data encryption protects data security to some extent, but this may lead to a compromise on the part of efficiency of storage and retrieval on the server. This paper analyzes various searchable encryption schemes where data owner itself is responsible for his data security. These searchable encryption schemes allow retrieval of encrypted data over the cloud thereby making data retrieval fast and efficient. These schemes also guarantee high security and efficiency.

There is a need of an effective watermarking technique for copyright protection and authentication of intellectual Property [12]. In this work we propose a digital watermarking technique which makes use of simultaneous frequency masking to hide the watermark information into host. The algorithm is based on Psychoacoustic Auditory Model and Spread Spectrum theory [2]. It generates a watermark signal using spread spectrum theory and embeds it into the signal by measuring the masking threshold using Modified Psychoacoustic Auditory model and using dct transform. Since the watermark is shaped to lie below the masking threshold, the difference between the original and the watermarked copy is imperceptible. Recovery of the watermark is performed without the knowledge of the original signal. The software system is implemented using MATLAB and the characteristics studied. General Terms Digital Watermarking, Audio Watermarking, Masking.

paper presents two fragile watermarking schemes for digital image authentication with tamper detection and localization. We combine a proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm with the two schemes in order to improve the security, tamper detection sensitivity and tamper localization accuracy of the two schemes. The first proposed fragile watermarking scheme can be classified as a block-based scheme that divides the cover image into non-overlapping 4×4 blocks. We generate an 8-bit authentication watermark for each cover image block based on the block contents and then we use the proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm to encrypt this watermark. These encrypted 8-bit watermark are then embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the highest intensity eight pixels of the block. On the other hand, the second proposed watermarking scheme can be classified as a wavelet-based scheme which uses an external secret watermark. This watermark is encrypted using the proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm. We decompose the cover image using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and then we use the encrypted watermark to update the approximation coefficients (LL sub-band) of the image. Various experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the performance of the two schemes. Experimental results demonstrate that the two proposed schemes can detect and localize tampering attacks accurately. The two schemes also achieve high degree of imperceptibility performance. Compared to some fragile watermarking schemes, our proposed schemes are more secure and efficient.

Cloud computing is basically an internet based computing, whereby shared configurable resources are provided to cloud service consumers as services on demand. As an increasing growth of cloud computing, many enterprises provide different cloud services to cloud service consumers. From cloud service consumer's perspective, it is difficult to choose an appropriate cloud service that satisfies their QoS requirements. As requirements of one cloud service consumer will vary from another, dynamic ranking has to be used to satisfy the requirements of different cloud service consumers. A simple model is needed to address the dynamic ranking of cloud services. The dynamic ranking and selection of cloud services is solved using Linear Programming(LP) model. This project considers quantifiable attributes such as processor speed, cost, etc. and some non-quantifiable attributes to rank various cloud services according to the requirements of cloud service consumer using Linear Programming(LP) technique.

A video watermarking algorithm using the two techniques such as discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Singular value decomposition (SVD) Based on the block selection procedure. Using the two watermarks to increase the level of authentication as we are using the watermarks is original watermark video and other is owner’s finger print. Based on the sub-band selection scores the embedding process is done by using the watermark which are embedding in the cover video watermark. DWT-SVD based video watermarking is relatively a new technology that has been proposed to solve the problem of illegal manipulation and distribution of digital video for example movie piracy. To restrict it we use the process of embedding copyright information in video bit streams, observes various attacks and archive maximum probability to retrieve that information, the proposed technique is more robust to all the possible attacks that is proved from the simulation and experimental results.

Cloud database services assure the high availability and scalability, but there are many issues about data privacy and confidentiality. The online applications are also vulnerable to attack that gain access to the sensitive data as the attacker can easily exploit software bug. Hence the security and privacy of the sensitive data stored on the cloud is the biggest challenge today. Storing critical and sensitive data in the hands of cloud service provider will not guarantee the privacy of data. Several ways are available for storage services , but the data privacy and confidentiality solutions for cloud database are still in research. The data privacy and confidentiality can be maintained by combining encryption of data with SQL operations. The application that uses SQL database can be secured by using DD-PLAC architecture which provides confidentiality of the data stored on cloud. DD-PLAC (Distributed Database with Proxy-less architectures that store meta data in the cloud) architecture combines data encryption, key management and access control policies which addresses the issues related to typical threat for cloud database.

is used for authentication purpose. Among the various types of biometrics, fingerprint is the most widely accepted biometrics. Biometric systems have several advantages when compared to classical methods such as passwords. Biometric system is vulnerable to various types of attacks. This paper proposes a method to avoid the sensor level attack. This method uses limited ring wedge spectral energy, Inhomogenity and Directional Contrast. The limited ring wedge spectral density is the global quality measure. Inhomogenity and Directional Contrast are the local quality measures.

Openness of wireless network makes it more sensible for various security attacks. Authentication is the most vital procedure to make sure that the service is appropriately used. It is a way of confirming the genuineness of a party by another party. There is a wide range of authentication schemes that varies according to time period. This paper, focus on the authentication schemes in wireless network that have evolved in last one a decade.

Today is an era of the Internet. The day is not so far when the whole data of the world will travel on the internet. So, authentication is required to protect the content of the data against unauthorized copying and replication. Information hiding via digital watermarks for the multimedia data plays a vital role in protecting the data. Watermarks are imperceptible and it is a predefined pattern inserted into the multimedia data to protect its authenticity. The watermark indicates that data is containing a copyright or not. The main focus of researchers is to develop an algorithm which has robustness against attacks and induced embedded distortions. Many digital watermarking mechanisms have been proposed in spatial and transform domain. The hybrid approaches of combining different transform domain techniques have garnered attention recently. This paper presents design of digital image watermarking using hybrid 3-level DWT-FFT technique via image compression for better results as compared to previous techniques of information hiding. General Terms Digital Image Watermarking, Robust Watermarking, Copyright Protection

Digital watermark is perceptually invisible information embedded in the video. This embedding is done by an encoder using a secret key. The watermark can carry information about owner or recipient of the video or the video itself or some additional information like video caption, date etc. The watermarked video may undergo possible changes by unauthorized users or attackers. Unintentional and malicious attacks are aimed to disable watermark detection. Watermark embedding algorithm should be robust to such attacks. Watermark detection algorithm should decide whether watermark is present or absent in the video. If original video is used to make this decision, detector’s efficiency is increased and this system is termed as non-blind or private or non-oblivious watermarking system. Non-Blind watermarking is very expensive in terms of storage and not a practical solution. Blind or public watermarking algorithms not require original video for watermark detection. These algorithms are more practical but detector’s efficiency is low compared to one in private watermarking. In order to increase security of blind watermarking scheme it is desirable to use video dependent keys in the process of watermark generation. In this paper we discussed various video watermarking generation techniques and their challenges and used it for Video authentication. Experimental results show that same watermark can be used for authentication as well as copyright protection. General Terms Digital Watermarking, Video watermarking

To ensure a secure computing in a cloud environment, recommendation and trust-based access control model is proposed. The proposed model allows calculation of direct trust and indirect trust based on recommendations. It handles cases where the requesting entity may have a past interaction experience or fresh entity without any past experience with the service. It includes the capability to cause human reasoning performance and can change by behavioral pattern modifications. Positive and negative threshold limits are used to handle malicious recommendation. The results of security mechanism so integrated with the proposed model against attacks such as bad mouthing attack, Sybil attack, and on-off behavior attack are verified. General Terms Cloud, Security, Algorithm.

Security in the cloud is the top most concern. To achieve trust and preserve the privacy of data stored in third-party cloud storage has emerged as a key research area. To achieve this, several different techniques have been proposed based on cryptography. Secret sharing schemes and chaos based encryption have also been considered to address these issues of trust and privacy by various researchers. In this paper, we are proposing a new scheme to encrypt the private and sensitive images of users in the third party storage named as “Securing images in cloud using hyper chaos with user authentication" to solve the problem of authenticating users. Chaos based encryption with image captcha authentication using VCS is a major advantage of this scheme. Chaos based encryption is a very secure method for encryption. Many researchers have used the above technique but user authentication or authorization is not mentioned in their schemes. To increase more security we have included the authentication in the scheme. In this paper the authentication process is explored in depth and only the overview of encryption process is given. For securing the authentication logistic map is used to divide and shuffle the original image captcha into many blocks. The use of visual cryptography technique is explored to preserve the privacy of image captcha. Part of the image share will be kept with the image owner such that the original image captcha can be revealed only when both (user, owner) of the shares are simultaneously available. The individual share images do not reveal the identity of the original image captcha. Once the original image captcha is revealed after merging different shares, the user will be considered as authenticated user. Then only the encrypted key for the images will be transferred to the user. Dynamically generating the Captcha image by the system is one of the major advantage of the system.

Trust management frameworks play a very important role in securing the mobile ad hoc networks against various insider attacks that could occur during data forwarding. The success of a trust management framework greatly depends upon the proper design of each of its major components including the direct trust computation component as well as the indirect trust computation component. Specifically, the indirect trust computation component should be robust to handle the dishonest recommendations. The current paper shows the application of a trust model involving a robust indirect trust computation component called as RecommFilter which has been proposed in our earlier work. It can overcome the various attacks caused by dishonest recommenders. The application involves the integration of the trust model with a routing protocol based upon a reliability measure called as Path Allegiance metric (PAM) which is a cumulative value obtained through the trust values of the on-path nodes upon each other. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme along with PAM routing protocol is robust to different dishonest recommendation attacks and accurate in the detection of dishonest recommenders. General Terms Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Trust Management framework, Uncertainty reasoning.

In this paper, RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the secret message and advanced LSB technique is used to hide the encrypted message. Firstly, the message is encrypted and then encrypted message is being divided in two parts. First part of the encrypted message is xored with odd position and second part with even position of LSB+1. After that the xored encrypted message is being hidden on LSB position.

Video Watermarking is a major technique of data hiding and maintain the originality of the images and videos. The major issues regarding information are raised about fake, frauds and pirated videos etc. these issues are overcome with the help of video watermarking concept. It also provides copyright protection and authenticity to the owner of the digital objects. It helps to keep the imperceptibility of the videos. The main aim of this paper is to give the review about general concept of video watermarking which includes its types, features, applications, techniques and various attacks applied on video files to check their authentication level.

Cloud computing provides information technology resources and services on demand using the internet. It different types of services like IAAS (infrastructure as a service), PAAS (platform as a service) and SAAS(software as a service). Scenario of cloud computing refers to the two entities mainly cloud service provider and cloud service user. Cloud service provider provides the cloud resources and services to the cloud service user. Cloud service provider must have to use its resources efficiently to gain profit, but challenging task for them is maximum optimization of cloud resources. This paper describes approach which deals with saving of energy by optimally utilizing hosts and by minimizing active host using migration techniques. General Terms Algorithm for energy efficient dynamic load balancing in cloud environment.

The performance of Fingerprint Recognition is totally dependent on the Fingerprint Image Quality, because Fingerprint Recognition is the processing of Digital Image. The quality of fingerprint images influences by both environmental and scanner's surface. This paper analyzes the Fingerprint Recognition, Matching. The Minutiae-based matching technique is the best method to extract useful information about Minutiae and if the image is partial or affected by noise then the ROI can be use to optimize the result. Authentication using fingerprint has been implementing in many areas (like Attendance System, Bank Desktop Verification Login). UID is the recent project of Govt. India focused on Recognition of Identity by using Fingerprint and Retina. The conclusion state about how minutiae points are important to recognize fingerprint and ROI (the specified limited area) to avoid error within less time. Whereas, ‘one to one matching’ can quickly reply compare to ‘one to many matching’. Future scope of “Fingerprint Recognition based on Minutiae” has wide range of application areas such as Mobile Computing, Bank ATM, NAREGA Identity Verification, etc.

Cloud computing provides its user a lot of advantages but this technology has quite a bit of flaws as well. One of main flaw in cloud is the security present in the cloud. There are various threats, attacks and security issues that pertain in cloud. Among all the attacks DoS is a crucial one. The main aim of this attack is to bring down the services and resources and thus effecting everyone who is accessing the resource. This paper discusses about the Denial of Service attack or DoS attack in cloud environment and what are the various detection methods which have been proposed for the same. There are various benefits of using cloud over a traditional approach. Cloud helps to reduce the cost; it provides global accessibility, unlimited storage capacity, improved performance and many more advantages but apart from providing a lot of benefits there are various issues which are associated with cloud. One of the major issues associated with cloud is the security associated with the cloud. As we know in cloud every user has access to the data residing in the cloud so security of data is a major concern. Apart from the data security there are several threats like manin-the-middle, spoofing/sniffing, account or service hijacking etc. These threats aims to make the services of cloud weaker and sometimes even bring down them down.

The growth in the usage of internet has increased the demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. New threats, risks and vulnerabilities emphasize the need of a strong authentication system. Automated methods based on physiological characteristics of user are widely used to identify and verify the user. Biometric is the technology to deal with such methods which measures and statistically analyze the biological data. A biometric authentication system provides automatic authentication of an individual on the basis of unique features or characteristics possessed by an individual. The authentication system can be stronger using multiple factors for authentication process. The application like Aadhar Card uses multiple factors for authentication. There are some difficulties with multi-factor authentication system such as user privacy considerations, huge size databases and centralized database which may create security threats. To address such tribulations, the biometric authentication using secret sharing is proposed. Secret sharing will split the centralized database across the different locations. This will help in reducing the database size and removal of threats in centralized database. Also user privacy will be maintained due to decentralization of database. General Terms Biometrics, Authentication

An efficient video watermarking algorithm using DWT-DCTSVD is proposed to analyze the robustness against various attacks. In this algorithm, video is divided into several groups of frames, so that each group of frames carries various watermarks. In the proposed method, each plane of video frames are decomposed using DWT and high frequency band HH, middle frequency bands LH, HL are transformed with DCT. The DCT coefficients are SVD transformed which are embedded with corresponding transformed coefficients of watermarks. The desired number of watermarks will be embedded in selected group of frames without causing noticeable distortion. The amount of inserted watermarks is controlled by Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of the watermarked frame to achieve good imperceptibility according to human visual system. The embedded watermarks are extracted from watermarked video with inverse process. Similarity between original and extracted watermarks is estimated by measuring correlation coefficient. The proposed algorithm is tested with various video sequences using MATLAB software. Reported experimental results show the watermarked frames are indistinguishable from the original frames subjectively and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm against the attacks of frame averaging, dropping, swapping, compression, Gaussian noise, salt & pepper noise, median filtering, average filtering, sharpening, histogram equalization, rotation, cropping.

this study, we reviewed biometric template protection schemes in subsisting literature and established that there is no reliable, efficacious and foolproof technique that assures diversity, revocability, security and optimal performance as is required of an ideal biometric template security scheme. This status of affairs motivated us to contrivance an approach that derives biometric encryption keys from biometric fingerprint templates. The technique we proposed involves a two-step enrollment and authentication of fingerprints while encrypting fingerprint templates with encryption keys derived from other biometric fingerprint templates before archiving them to a database. The system was implemented using Java, developed on Netbeans 8.0 IDE, MySQL RDBMS was used for back-end database and utilized Source AFIS java library framework for fingerprint verification and identification. Test results were carried out to determine the system's efficacy.

Security is often cited as one of the most contentious issues in Cloud computing. It is argued that as the Cloud is intended to handle large amounts of data, attackers can be sure of a high pay-off for their activities.. In addition, to benefit from the Economies of scale, the applications and operating systems are homogenized to a few images restricting the variations of products used within the Cloud. Millions of users are surfing the Cloud for various purposes, therefore they need highly safe and persistent services. The future of cloud, especially in expanding the range of applications, involves a much deeper degree of privacy, and authentication. We propose a simple data protection model where data is encrypted using AES and Authenticated by Diffie Hellman algorithm before it is launched in the cloud, thus ensuring data confidentiality and security.

The unique parts of body that identifies a person are known as biometrics. The different biometrics used now-a-days are fingerprints, iris, face recognition, handwriting, gesture, retina, ear height etc. The biometrics when used in conjunction for the identification or verification of an individual are called as MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS. This is assumed to be a better approach for security. It overcomes some of the limitations of single biometrics as this approach is more reliable. ID cards, Access cards, Punch, PIN, USER ID, passwords are used for identification but ID cards can be stolen or can be lost and user id s and passwords can be forgotten. So biometrics overcomes all these and has become the emerging trend. Further the security of the database is improved using cryptosystem. It takes a key and changes plain text into cipher text and back.

Cloud has become very important in internet world. Cloud provides storages, platforms which improves the functionality. Cloud storage shows how securely and flexibly we can store and share our data. This technique introduces a special type of encryption called as key-aggregate cryptosystem which allows user to share their data partially across cloud and which produces constant size ciphertext. In this technique user provide a constant-size aggregate key for different ciphertext classes in cloud storage, but the other encrypted files outside the class remain confidential. We also compare this technique with existing one. We implemented this cryptosystem for public-key patient-controlled encryption system.

Digital watermarking is an important technique that deals with information hiding which is used to hide proprietary information in digital media like photographs, digital music, or digital video. In this paper we present a technique on digital watermarking for real time application. We have implemented the digital watermarking on image by applying two level Discrete Wavelet Transform by which we embed watermark and for extraction apply Inverse DWT transform. The performance of image is calculated in terms of PSNR & MSE. General Terms Digital watermarking, Discrete Wavelet Transform.

paper presents a novel hybrid security system that combines wavelet based watermarking with block based chaotic maps cryptography. A watermark is chaotically encrypted before being embedded in the detail coefficients of the wavelet transformed cover image. Using the developed system, the potential of embedding more than one watermark inside one cover image is investigated. The results indicate that combining watermarking and cryptography gives an added layer of security. Also, even though embedding more than one watermark is more robust to attacks it can potentially distort small size cover images.