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In this paper reviewed and discuss multi notch multi polarization antenna for wireless communication, in past decade large number of research carried out, in the field of multi notch and multi polarization, the various application at specified frequency demanded notch antenna, multiple polarization and switch in polarization is strong needed, circular polarization antenna is versatile used in satellite communication, this paper review various technique to used in the designing of notch antenna, in some application needed antenna which exists linear as well as circular polarization, Over the period of time researchers have continuously contributed to improved the performance of antenna, that should be effective for modern communication. Research and development in this field have been reported by many researchers in the past few decades on the basis of different techniques. This type of antenna needed in, UWB, WLAN, satellite communication, GSM, and GPS. Dual-, triple- and quad-band antennas KeywordsCMRC, DGS

On this Technical era the excessive velocity and low area of VLSI chip are veryvery crucial elements. Each day quantity of transistors and different active and passive elements are drastically developing on a VLSI chip. All of the processors of the gadgets adders and multipliers are playing an essential position. An adder is a pleasing element for the designing of fast multiplier. Ultimately here want a fast adder for excessive bit edition. In this paper, they carried out of linear convolution are based on ripple carry adder and array multiplier. Offering common Boolean common sense (CBL) adder presents much less additives, less path delay and better pace compare to different present CBL adder and different adders. Right here, we're evaluating the linear convolution of differentextraordinary word length from different adders. The design and experiment may be executed by way of the useful resource of Xilinx 6.2i Spartan device circle of relatives.

Reversible computing is a version of computing in which the computational system to a degree is reversible. An essential circumstance for reversibility of a computational version is that the relation of the mapping states of transition features to their successors have to always be one-to-one. Reversible logic has emerged as an change design technique to the conventional logic, ensuing in decrease energy consumption and lesser circuit area. In this paper, a review of an efficient architecture of the reversible FIR filter structure is presented. For reaching low electricity, reversible good judgment mode of operation is implemented inside the design. Vicinity overhead is the tradeoff inside the proposed layout. From the synthesis consequences, the proposed low electricity FIR filter architecture offers power saving when as compared to the conventional layout. The vicinity overhead is for the proposed structure.

power design is one of the most significant challenges to maximize battery life time in portable devices and to save the energy during system process. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is widely used in image and video compression process. Here in this paper, we review on low power Discrete Cosine Transform architecture by using varies methods. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is most popular method used today in video compression systems. A number of algorithms have been proposed for implementation of the DCT. Loeffler (1989) has specified a new class of 1D-DCT using only 29 additions and 11 multiplications. To implement such an algorithm, one or more than one multipliers have to be integrated. This process requires a high occupation of silicon area. Arithmetic distribution is generally used for such algorithms. The coding for reconfigurable 8-point Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) has been done using VHDL, under Xilinx platform. KeywordsCosine Transform (DCT), Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT), Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL)

A wireless sensor network(WSN) is usually composed of a large collection of small autonomous sensor device that can sense environmental condition about the ambient environment. The main task of wireless sensor node is a communicate together by many wireless strategies. In this communication strategies need fast data access in wireless sensor network(WSN), as resource constrained is a main issue in wireless sensor networks applications. For this solution administered routing protocol. Routing protocol are in charge of discovering and maintaining the route in the network. Routing protocol with low energy consumption play a very important role in prolonging the lifetime of sensor network. Cluster based routing protocols have proven to be effective in network topology management, energy minimization and data aggregation and so on. In this paper we present various clusterbased routing protocols and merits and limitations of protocols.

The World Wide Web have a large amount of data, the user are find the some relevant information from WWW. If user want to search any information than numbers of URL or number of pages are opened on the web. The user want to be the show the important information are show on the top of the list than this page have a high ranking compare to other and this page is a most relevant page on the web site. The page rank are depends upon the user searching or clicking on the web pages, but some problem are created on given the page ranking about the page, in this paper we discussed the some problem about the page ranking on the world wide web. General Terms Page Ranking Algorithm

This paper presents the study and survey analysis on different width size of transistor in CMOS rectifier for output voltage drop. The paper gives information about miniaturizing the CMOS rectifier using two PMOS and NMOS configuration. This investigation focuses on the effect of the width-to-length ratio by using 0.35μm technology. Therefore, increase the width size and minimize the internal resistance. The model is operated at a frequency of 50Hz with an AC voltage source. CADENCE software is used for simulation and designing work.

With the arrival of recent generation in the field communication, there is also an ever growing demand for low power consumption and minimum consumed It is also a well-known reality that the chip location and maximum combinational path delay (MCPD) unit forms an indispensable a part of processor layout. Due to this regard, high speed and low area architectures grow to be the want of the day. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is any rapid algorithm for computing the DFT. The decimation (DIT) fast Fourier remodel (FFT) very often has advantage over the decimation-in-frequency (DIF) FFT for most real valued programs, like speech/photo/video processing, biomedical sign processing, and time-collection evaluation, and so on., since it does now not require any output reordering.

This paper discuss the structural design of staff positioning techniques in unsafe places in underground mines, this paper also highlights the gains and weaknesses of wireless sensor network technology and address an economical, continuous monitoring system of covert mine workers security. It can realize the effective management of precise positioning of man and machine. This article presents the composition of system, the enactment and management of network formation. The actual application shows that the ZigBee technology can play an important role in underground personnel information and security management.

In this paper we survey a dual band microstrip patch antenna for improvement of bandwidth, gain and directivity. The comparisons of different paper with simulated and validated result are presented. We discussed the different technique used by the author to propose a dual band and also observed what happen if we used different dielectrics materials.

Professors‟ feel arduous to design questions for an examination. It is quite obvious that even experienced educators face difficulty to frame question papers within short span of time. This paper concentrates to device an Intelligent Mathematical model to reduce the time dedicated to generate question papers. „Knowledge Discovery in Database‟, is the decisive role of Data Mining that adopts to transform raw data into constructive information from large data repositories, and so it is deployed to achieve the objectives. General Terms Mathematical model, Knowledge Discovery in Database, Data Mining, Repositories, Extraction

paper presents the study and survey analysis of Full Subtractor circuit on implementing the MTCMOS technique. Full Subtractor is a combinational circuit that performs subtraction and results in difference and borrows outputs. Implementing the MTCMOS technique on this circuit results in reduction of both leakage current and power consumption.

Conventional cryptography is a method of transforming message into an unreadable format called as cipher text. This cipher text can easily be shared over the network without fear but anyone can get message easily by applying key on cipher text. Sharing and delivering secret images over the network is also known as a visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme. However main drawback of VSS scheme is that it is experience from high transmission risk due to the shares are like noise. As the shares are like noise which in turn lead to cause the attackers attention. To solve this problem mechanism is developed called Natural image based visual secret sharing (NVSS). This paper is motivated by need of novel mechanism to transfer the secret images over network. In proposed work for regeneration of secret image a generated noisy share, natural images and seed (needed for random functions used) are required at the receiving end. Though generated share is noisy and its contents are not recognizable, overall structure may be visible in some cases. So data hiding is should be performed on generated share to hide that structure (texture) in noisy share.

A Wireless Networks are more accessible to different types of attack than wired Network. One such attack is Wormhole Attack, in which traffic is forwarded and replayed from one location to another through the Wormhole tunnel without negotiating any cryptographic techniques over the network. Thus, it is challenging to defend against this attack. In this paper we review WSN concept and Wormhole Attack. Then we discuss classification of wormhole Attack and also mention few of the initiatives to detect the Wormhole Attack.

Due to rapid growth of internet, online shopping for products is an essential part of everyone’s daily life most of the time credit card is used to pay online for products. It is an easy way to shopping, people can get your desired product on your computer screen or on smart phone. For online purchase use of credit card increases dramatically but still there is some loop holes in system of online shopping which causes online frauds or credit card frauds. There are many techniques like ANIDS Distributed Data mining WSDL, Parallel granular neural networks, Hidden Markov Model, Clustering and Bayes classification, Cost model are used. These techniques use data mining to detect frauds by the use of datasets like KDD99, KDD cup, NSL KDD. In this paper a study on different techniques and evaluate each technique on the best parameters.

or preparing Multi-objective formulations are a realistic models for many complex engineering, AI, mathematical and optimization problems etc. Customized genetic algorithms have been expressed as effective to determine best solutions to these problems. In many real-life problems, there are many conflicts to each other towards objective, and mainly by taking single objective to optimizing a particular solution can give unacceptable result with respective to other objective. An inevitable features of Genetic Algorithm are to generate set of solutions for multi objective problem with satisfying objective at acceptance level without dominating to any other solution. Genetic Algorithm is used in maximization as well as minimization of function. This paper tried to show an overview and tutorial is presented how Genetic Algorithm is best to solve the maximization of function for given function. This feature make Genetic Algorithm very unique from traditional genetic algorithms. Roulette-Wheel selection method is adopted to calculate fitness function and other functions. KeywordsAlgorithm, optimization and its techniques, Multi- objective functions, conclusion.

In this paper we are discussing regarding the Swarm Intelligence and there some of the examples. Anything in group is said to a swarm. Intelligent behaviour from a large number of Simple Individuals is called as Swarm Intelligence. It is a collective Behaviour from the local interactions of the individuals with the each other. Individual co-ordinate from the decentralized control and self-organization. We can find swarm in colonies of ants, school of fishes, flocks of birds etc. In this paper we are seeing the examples of Swarm and their behaviour. we also see the various Swarm Intelligence models such as the Ant colony Optimization where is describes about the movement of ants, their behaviour, and how do it overcome the obstacles, in birds we see about the Particle swarm optimization it is based on the swarm intelligence and how the positions has to be placed based on the three principles. Next is the Bee colony optimization that deals with the behaviour of the bees, their interactions, also describes about the Movement and how they work in Swarm. Some of the techniques and algorithms are discussed in this paper.

over Internet protocol (VoIP), which is a communication protocol existing over a network. The IP network can makes it possible for users to make telephone calls using the VoIP technology. Use of VoIP and Internet telephony has increased significantly in the recent years. These new phone services are based on the transmission of voice over packet switched IP networks. VoIP can be realized on any data network that uses IP, like the Internet, Intranets and Local Area Networks (LAN). VoIP customers use their Internet connection to connect to the Internet as well as to make phone calls. VoIP is the real-time transfer of voice signals using the Internet Protocol (IP) over the Internet or a private network. In simpler terms, your voice is converted to digital signal by VoIP that travels over the internet. The key factors that entice enterprises to switch to VoIP are its flexibility and cost efficiency. Some security problems may arise due to the widespread deployment of VoIP. Voice over IP (VoIP) has the potential to provide interactive communication services like video and voice conferencing. VoIP helps to transfer data which are difficult to transfer over circuit-switched wired and wireless networks.

Data Storage Security is matter of concern especially in the field of Cloud Computing where large amount of data is being stored on daily basis over the internet. But the real world is facing some or other challenging issues regarding the same. An ubiquitous and an on-demand access with an interoperable network of your various computing resources and sharing necessary information is the need of this Internet dependent Earth, which has led the generation of Cloud and the virtual world related to it. As the number of users and data over the net are getting increased second by second there is a need of system or method which could hold this with all its privacy, integrity and confidentiality. But the vulnerabilities over Cloud data are weakening the expected progress of the field. Many complex encryption and decryption techniques are being introduced but the new risks get generated. The organisation at every level is concerned with privacy of the data and various attacks which don’t enable them to use the Cloud’s benefits and its susceptibility over the data holds the technology to grow. Some trustworthy and dependable Cloud storage will be a good option with the specific authentication as well as proper agreements and auditing protocols defines earlier itself will motivate the people to be secure and tension free while storing the data over the Cloud. General Terms Cloud Computing, Data storage security.

Steganography is the process to hide a secret message such that it is very difficult to detect the presence of secret message presence. On other way, the existence of secret message is hidden. A covert channel may refer to the actual medium that is used to communicate the information such as a message, image as well as file. This project uses steganography within the source address fields of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packets to create a covert channel through which clandestine messages can be passed from one party to another. A fully functional computer program was designed and written that transparently embeds messages into the source address fields of packets and across IPv6 networks, embedded messages are by these packets. This demonstrates the covert channel possibility within a default Internet protocol. For a malicious purpose such as stealing encryption passwords as well as keys or other secrets from remote hosts in a sequence not easily detectable this channel is used, but it may be used for a noble cause such as secretly passing messages under the watchful eyes of an oppressive regime. The covert channel demonstration in itself the overall information security of society is increased by bringing awareness to the existence of such a steganographic medium.