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Background: Radial artery is the preferred access site in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, limited data exist regarding utilization pattern, safety, and long-term efficacy of transradial artery access (TRA) PCI in heavily calcified lesions using high-speed rotational atherectomy (HSRA)., Methods: All patients who underwent HSRA-PCI in Sweden between 2005 and 2016 were included. Outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, myocardial infarction (MI) or target vessel revascularisation (TVR)), in-hospital bleeding and restenosis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for the non-randomized access site selection., Results: We included 1479 patients of whom 649 had TRA and 782 transfemoral artery access (TFA) HSRA-PCI. The rate of TRA increased significantly by 18% per year but remained lower in HSRA-PCI (60%) than in the overall PCI population (85%) in 2016. TRA was associated with comparable angiographic success but significantly lower risk for major (adjusted OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.05-0.47) or any in-hospital bleeding (adjusted OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.78). At one year, the adjusted risk for MACE (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.67-1.13) and its individual components did not differ between TRA and TFA patients. The risk for restenosis did not significantly differ between TRA and TFA HSRA-PCI treated lesions (adjusted HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.46-1.81)., Conclusion: HSRA-PCI by TRA was associated with significantly lower risk for in-hospital bleeding and equivalent long-term efficacy when compared with TFA. Our data support the feasibility and superior safety profile of TRA in HSRA-PCI., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Data are scarce regarding the risk, temporal trends and predictors of late-onset heart failure (LOHF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed at studying the risk and predictors of LOHF and the composite event of LOHF or death after AMI., Methods: AMI patients first entered in the nationwide SWEDEHEART registry between 2004 and 2013 were included. Patients with a prior history of heart failure (HF) and those who died in-hospital were excluded. Dates and ICD-codes for LOHF in the national patient and death registries were used to determine time to first readmission due to LOHF and/or death., Results: A total of 150,566 AMI patients were included in the analysis. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year cumulative risk of developing LOHF were 11.4%, 14.6% and 21.8% respectively. The risk of LOHF within 2years decreased from 15.5% to 14.4% (2004-2005 vs 2010-2011), p<0.001. Calendar year was protective of LOHF/death after adjustment (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, p<0.001). In-hospital HF, age, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation, were strong predictors of LOHF. Risk profile improved and use of evidence based therapies increased during the time period., Conclusions: Survivors of AMI remain at a continued risk of LOHF. However, the overall risk of LOHF shows a decreasing trend after an index AMI over time. Lower risk of LOHF may relate to decreasing burden of comorbidities and increasing use of evidence based treatments., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)