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The efficacy of nanoencapsulation as a technology for enhancing the solubility of active substances has been demonstrated. In this particular investigation, Ganoderic acid DM (GA-DM) was encapsulated within sodium alginate nanoparticles (NPs) using the ionic crosslinking method. The confirmation of the successful loading of GA-DM was ascertained through the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Empirical evidence derived from the examination of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, atomic force microscope (AFM) images, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated a regular distribution and spherical morphology, with an average particle size of approximately 133 nm. The investigation yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 95.27 ± 0.11 % and a drug loading efficiency of 21.17 ± 0.02 % for the prepared sample. The release kinetics of SGPN was fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model corresponding to diffusion-controlled release. The incorporation of GA-DM into sodium alginate nanocarriers exhibited a mitigating effect on the cytotoxicity of HaCat and B16, while also demonstrating inhibitory properties against tyrosinase activity and melanin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel DHA-loaded nanoparticle with PLGA and chitosan (PCSDNP) was successfully prepared. The structure of PCSDNP and DHA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was measured by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter. The interaction strength between DHA, PLGA, and chitosan was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curves of controlled DHA release and stabilities for different environmental factors of two NPs were evaluated. Importantly, two NPs were almost regularly spherical and the interactions were hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between PLGA and chitosan. These NPs had a good encapsulation rate (80.45%) and high-water solubility than the free DHA molecule. In simulated gastrointestinal fluid, two NPs showed a controlled-release pattern. Overall, PCSDNP had better stability and controlled-release effect with the synergy between CS and PLGA under the conditions of pH (2– 7), ionic strength (0– 500 mM), storage time (0– 42 d), and temperature (30– 80 °C). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-organized, simplistic, and green route of chitin-glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ChGC@ZnONPs) was synthesized using reducing and capping agent both in one as chitin-glucan complex (ChGC). Herein we report the bio-synthesis of Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs by the conjugation of curcumin (Cur) with ChGC@ZnONPs for the improvement of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by the UV–Visible (UV–Vis), particle size analyser, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Structure analysis, shape and crystalline size of nanomaterials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particle size analyser showed the particle size of nanomaterials and stability. Crystalline nature of both ChGC@ZnONPs and Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs were confirmed by the XRD spectra and FT-IR spectrum was used to examine the functional groups of nanomaterials. The antioxidant potential of conjugated nanomaterials were estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ABTS+⁎ assay. This analysis showed that after loading of Cur, antioxidant activity increases. The antibacterial assessment of conjugated nanomaterials were tested by different microorganisms and showed excellent antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective novel technique has been developed for green synthesis of iridium nanoparticles of rod shapes for the first time with simultaneous formation of keto-derivative oxidation product with a yield of 98.3 %. This takes place by reduction of hexacholoroiridate (IV) by using sustainable pectin as a powerful reducing agent biomacromolecule in acidic media. The formation of nanoparticles (IrNPS) was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. The TEM morphology showed that the iridium nanoparticles were of crystalline rod shapes on contrary to the spherical shapes reported on all synthesized IrNPS earlier. The rates of nanoparticles growth were followed kinetically using a conventional spectrophotometer. The kinetic measurements revealed a unity order reaction in [IrCl 6 ]2− as oxidant and fractional first-order in [PEC] as a reducing agent, respectively. A decrease in the reaction rates was noticed with increasing the acid concentration. Kinetic evidence reveals the creation of intermediate complex as transient species prior to the slow step. Such complex formation may be facilitated by the participation of one chloride ligand from [IrCl 6 ]2− oxidant forming a bridge between the oxidant and reductant in such formed intermediate complex. Plausible reaction mechanisms for electron transfer pathway routes consistent with the kinetics observations were discussed. • Novel methodology for synthesis of nanoparticles using carbohydrate polymers • Green synthesis of iridium (0) nanoparticles of rod shapes by reduction of [IrCl6]2- by pectin • Identification of nanoparticles by FTIR and TEM techniques • Determination of the nanoparticles growth rates and nature of electron-transfer pathway routes • A plausible reaction mechanism for nanoparticles formation has been suggested and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]