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Abstract: DA-9601 (Stillen™) is a novel anti-peptic formulation prepared from the ethanol extracts of Artemisia asiatica possessing anti-oxidative, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, their effect on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been studied yet. In this study, we report that topical application of DA-9601 suppressed house dust mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice model. We established atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of DFE/DNCB to the ears. Repeated alternative treatment of DFE/DNCB caused AD-like lesions. DA-9601 reduced AD-like skin lesions based on ear thickness and histopathological analysis, and serum IgE levels. DA-9601 inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and elevation of serum histamine in AD model. In addition, DA-9601 suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TNF-α in the ears. Taken together, our results showed that topical application of DA-9601 exerts beneficial effects in animal model of AD, suggesting that DA-9601 might be a candidate for the treatment of AD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Dabrafenib inhibited IgE-induced mast cell activation. • Dabrafenib decreased the activity of signaling molecules (Lyn, Syk, Akt, and PLCγ). • Dabrafenib reduced IL-4 and TNF-α by the inhibition of NF-κB and NFAT. • Dabrafenib ameliorated mast cell-mediated local anaphylaxis. The functional inhibition of mast cells, which serve as a key effector cells in allergic reactions may be a specific target for treating immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic reactions, which occur in various allergic diseases including anaphylaxis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of dabrafenib, a therapeutic agent used to treat metastatic melanoma, with a focus on mast cell activation and local cutaneous anaphylaxis. In two types of mast cells (RBL-2H3 and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells), dabrafenib (0.01, 0.1, 1 μM) pretreatment significantly decreased IgE-induced degranulation, intracellular calcium influx, and the activity of intracellular signaling molecules, such as Lyn, Syk, Akt, and PLCγ. Dabrafenib ameliorated mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α by the reduction of nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of activated T-cells. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, oral administration of dabrafenib (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg) reduced local pigmentation and ear thickness in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that dabrafenib is a therapeutic drug candidate that controls IgE-mediated allergic inflammatory diseases through suppression of mast cell activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• UA inhibited mast cell degranulation by reducing intracellular calcium level. • UA attenuated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. • These effects of UA were dependent on inhibition of FcεRI-mediated signaling. • UA suppressed the local and systemic anaphylactic reactions. • UA might be a potential candidate for the treatment of allergic diseases. Mast cells are the primary cells that play a crucial role in the allergic diseases via secretion of diverse allergic mediators. Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory triterpenoid possessing various biological properties such as immune regulation, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of UA in FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation. In this study, mast cells were stimulated with immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the anti-allergic effects of UA were assessed by measuring the levels of allergic mediators. In vivo effects of UA were observed by generating passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in mouse model. We found that UA inhibited the degranulation of mast cell by suppressing the intracellular calcium level in a concentration-dependent manner. UA inhibited the expression and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. Anti-allergic effects of UA were demonstrated via suppression of FcεRI-mediated signaling molecules. In addition, UA inhibited the IgE-mediated PCA and ovalbumin-induced ASA reactions in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these findings, we suggest that UA might have potential as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases via inhibition of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The immediate-type allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. We investigated the effect of the gall of Rhus javanica (GRJ) on the model of the immediate-type allergic reaction, and studied its possible mechanisms. GRJ inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reactions in mice. GRJ attenuated immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated local allergic reactions. In addition, GRJ dose dependently decreased histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or IgE. The decreasing effect of GRJ on the histamine release was mediated by the modulation of cAMP and [Ca2+]i in mast cells. Furthermore, GRJ decreased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of GRJ on the pro-inflammatory cytokine was c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-κB dependent. Our findings provide evidence that GRJ inhibits mast cell-derived immediate-type allergic reactions, and suggest the possible mechanisms of action. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]