1. Globalization, Freedoms and Economic convergence: an empirical exploration of a trivariate relationship using a large panel.
- Author
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de Macedo, Jorge Braga, Martins, Joaquim Oliveira, and Jalles, João Tovar
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,ECONOMIC globalization ,ECONOMIC liberty ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,POLITICAL rights - Abstract
Using a large panel for 95 countries and the 1972–2014 period, this paper analyses the interactions among globalization, political & civil rights and economic convergence, through a simultaneous estimation technique. We use a multi-dimensional, de facto, and continuous measures of Freedoms and Globalization. We find a two-way positive relationship between civil liberties & political rights and economic, political and social Globalization, as well as significant two-way relationships with the economic convergence (using as a proxy the ratio of GDP per capita to the US). In this way, we extend the test for the two-way relationship between Democracy and Globalization put forward by Eichengreen and Leblang (Econ Politics 20(3):289–334, 2008). Overall, we also find a virtuous cycle between Globalization, Freedoms and Economic convergence, except for non-OECD countries at early intermediate stages of development. This positive systemic effect can be put into question by the recent negative shocks on Globalization and Freedoms related to the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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