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This article describes the experience of P.S. Pallas and I.I. Lepekhin mapping travel routes in the Middle Volga region in 1768–1769 years with application of GIS-technologies. On the basis of primary sources a detailed description of the routes is compiled. A special study, which included location of all localities listed by scientists in their works is determined. The researchers have devoted particular attention to geographical names of settlements and traffic routes. Database of settlements located along the route of travel is created. For these purposes different cartographic and literary materials are involved. Using standard GIS software has greatly simplified the process of creating thematic maps. Formed database also allows to create a cartographic animation and temporal cartographic animation in the Middle Volga region.