Search

The simulation of X-ray absorption spectra requires both scalar and spin-orbit (SO) relativistic effects to be taken into account, particularly near L- and M-edges where the SO splitting of core p and d orbitals dominates. Four-component Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian-based linear damped response time-dependent density functional theory (4c-DR-TDDFT) calculates spectra directly for a selected frequency region while including the relativistic effects variationally, making the method well suited for X-ray applications. In this work, we show that accurate X-ray absorption spectra near L-2,L-3- and M-4,M-5-edges of closed-shell transition metal and actinide compounds with different central atoms, ligands, and oxidation states can be obtained by means of 4c-DR-TDDFT. While the main absorption lines do not change noticeably with the basis set and geometry, the exchange-correlation functional has a strong influence with hybrid functionals performing the best. The energy shift compared to the experiment is shown to depend linearly on the amount of Hartee-Fock exchange with the optimal value being 60% for spectral regions above 1000 eV, providing relative errors below 0.2% and 2% for edge energies and SO splittings, respectively. Finally, the methodology calibrated in this work is used to reproduce the experimental L-2,L-3-edge X-ray absorption spectra of [RuCl2(DMSO)(2)(Im)(2)] and [WCl4(PMePh2)(2)], and resolve the broad bands into separated lines, allowing an interpretation based on ligand field theory and double point groups. These results support 4c-DR-TDDFT as a reliable method for calculating and analyzing X-ray absorption spectra of chemically interesting systems, advance the accuracy of state-of-the art relativistic DFT approaches, and provide a reference for benchmarking more approximate techniques., Research Council of NorwayResearch Council of Norway [315822, 252569]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic -DKRVO [RP/CPS/2020/006]; Slovak Grant Agency VEGAVedecka grantova agentura MSVVaS SR a SAV (VEGA) [2/0135/21, APVV-19-0516]; Slovak Grant Agency APVVSlovak Research and Development Agency [2/0135/21, APVV-19-0516]; UNINETT Sigma2, the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway [NN4654K]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ [90140], RP/CPS/2020/006; NN4654K, Sigma2; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT: 90140; Norges Forskningsråd: 252569, 315822; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV, VEGA: 2/0135/21, APVV-19-0516

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of paramagnetic molecules provides detailed information about their molecular and electron-spin structure. The paramagnetic NMR spectrum is a very rich source of information about the hyperfine interaction between the atomic nuclei and the unpaired electron density. The Fermi-contact contribution to ligand hyperfine NMR shifts is particularly informative about the nature of the metal-ligand bonding and the structural arrangements of the ligands coordinated to the metal center. In this account, we provide a detailed experimental and theoretical NMR study of compounds of Cr(III) and Cu(II) coordinated with substituted acetylacetonate (acac) ligands in the solid state. For the first time, we report the experimental observation of extremely paramagnetically deshielded 13C NMR resonances for these compounds in the range of 900-1200 ppm. We demonstrate an excellent agreement between the experimental NMR shifts and those calculated using relativistic density-functional theory. Crystal packing is shown to significantly influence the NMR shifts in the solid state, as demonstrated by theoretical calculations of various supramolecular clusters. The resonances are assigned to individual atoms in octahedral Cr(acac)3 and square-planar Cu(acac)2 compounds and interpreted by different electron configurations and magnetizations at the central metal atoms resulting in different spin delocalizations and polarizations of the ligand atoms. Further, effects of substituents on the 13C NMR resonance of the ipso carbon atom reaching almost 700 ppm for Cr(acac)3 compounds are interpreted based on the analysis of Fermi-contact hyperfine contributions.

The links between the molecular structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of paramagnetic transition-metal complexes are still relatively unexplored. This applies particularly to the contact term of the hyperfine contribution to the NMR chemical shift. We report combining experimental NMR with relativistic density functional theory (DFT) to study a series of Ru(III) complexes with 2-substituted β-diketones. A series of complexes with systematically varied substituents was synthesized and analyzed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The NMR spectra recorded at several temperatures were used to construct Curie plots and estimate the temperature-independent (orbital) and temperature-dependent (hyperfine) contributions to the NMR shift. Relativistic DFT calculations of electron paramagnetic resonance and NMR parameters were performed to interpret the experimental observations. The effects of individual factors such as basis set, density functional, exact-exchange admixture, and relativity are a...

NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable tool in characterizing molecular systems, including transition-metal complexes. However, paramagnetic transition-metal complexes such as those with ruthenium in the +3 oxidation state are troublemakers because their unpaired electrons induce a fast nuclear spin relaxation that significantly broadens their NMR resonances. We recently demonstrated that the electronic and spin structures of paramagnetic Ru(III) systems can be characterized in unprecedented details by combining experimental NMR results with relativistic density-functional theory ( Novotny et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016 , 138 , 8432 ). In this study we focus on paramagnetic analogs of NAMI with the general structure [3-R-pyH]+trans-[RuIIICl4(DMSO)(3-R-py)]-, where 3-R-py stands for a 3-substituted pyridine. The experimental NMR data are interpreted in terms of the contributions of hyperfine (HF) NMR shielding and the distribution of spin density calculated using relativistic DFT. The DFT computational methodology is evaluated, and the effects of substituents, environment, and relativity on the hyperfine shielding are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the fundamental Fermi-contact (FC), spin-dipole (SD), and paramagnetic spin-orbit (PSO) terms that contribute to the hyperfine 1H and 13C NMR shifts of the individual atoms in the pyridine ligands and the spin-polarization effects in the ligand system that are linked to the character of the metal-ligand bond. The individual HF shielding terms are systematically discussed as they relate to the traditional, but somewhat mixed, contact and pseudocontact NMR contributions used extensively by experimental spectroscopists in biomolecular NMR and the development of PARACEST magnetic-resonance contrast agents.