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This article addresses the pervasive issue of digital piracy in the movie industry. Despite substantial efforts to combat piracy, its impact remains significant, resulting in substantial financial losses for companies. Digital rights management (DRM) has been introduced as a countermeasure to counter this challenge. While the security of video applications, including commercial and military videos, has gained prominence in recent research, this paper focuses on enhancing the encryption algorithm and presenting encryption results. Specifically, it explores the AES 128 encryption algorithm's vulnerabilities in the MPEG-DASH media file and proposes a randomized algorithm for video file encryption. To bolster security, the randomized approach leverages three robust algorithms: AES 256, Two-Fish, and Serpent. The randomized algorithm demonstrated significantly higher resistance to brute-force attacks than AES 128 CBC, as exemplified by a test scenario with a key length of 32 and 100 media chunks. By utilizing this combination of unbroken algorithms, the paper offers an efficient solution for offline-protected media storage, ultimately strengthening the security and privacy of the MPEG-DASH DRM system and mitigating the risk of media file piracy. The randomized algorithm consistently outperformed AES 128 CBC in terms of execution time across multiple media files, with the randomized algorithm completing the encryption process in 34,610 milliseconds for Media File 1, compared to AES 128 CBC, which required 59,910 milliseconds, showcasing a notable enhancement in speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things in smart environments interrelates with Mobile Ad‐hoc Network and Wireless Sensor Network, which becomes more attractive and efficiently flourishing. Moreover, Mobile Ad‐hoc Network is applied in various fields including intelligent transportation, emergency communications after disaster, and Internet of Things. The incorporation of Internet of Things and Mobile Ad‐hoc Network become a rising theory for enabling opportunistic communication in Internet of Things. The security provisioning for secure communication is still the major challenge in Mobile Ad‐hoc Network – Internet of Things. Thus, in this paper, the DEroute algorithm is developed for secure communication Internet of Things structure, where Internet of Things nodes are located in mobile ad-hoc manner. In order to avoid the route list modification, nodes' address is encrypted based on generated secret keys by Diffie–Hellman key-exchange algorithm. The fuzzy system with trust parameters, like historical, indirect and direct trust factors are considered for the identification of secure nodes. The bi-filtering process is also performed for filtering important nodes. Thus, the developed DEroute model achieved enhanced performance with respect to delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput of 0.1674 sec, 87.23% and 25.19 mbps, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new modification to the AES in order to ensure a high-level security. This is accomplished by replacing the binary Exclusive OR (XOR) operation in each add-round-key stage of the AES with a new (#) operation. The (#) operation requires an additional and randomly generated control key to determine the state table (among 256 optional state tables) needed to apply the (#) operation. The 256 states tables are formed based on the addition operation in the Galois Field GF (28) to increase the randomness of the algorithm. The modified AES algorithm has been evaluated based on several security metrics. In our proposed algorithm, an attacker needs, at minimum, up to (2431)10 probabilities of keys to decrypt an encrypted message; thus, the proposed AES algorithm increases the complexity of the original AES against the differential cryptanalysis. Moreover, compared to the original AES, applying the (#) operation in our modified algorithm also improves the performance in other security metrics, such as NIST and histogram. Consequently, this replacement by using two keys in both the encryption and decryption process adds a new level of "protection and a greater degree of robustness against breaking methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threshold cryptography is a secret sharing technique that finds applications in many fields including cloud computing, authentication, the Internet of Things, ad-hoc and sensor networks, digital signatures, and electronic voting. The technique can effectively reduce the total number of cryptographic keys used for encryption in a group. The article surveys the multifaceted applications of threshold cryptography, portraying the techniques and the secret sharing schemes used. The article also emphasizes the immediate need for reviving the expired Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) draft of 2010 to establish a threshold cryptography standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedded systems are routinely deployed in critical infrastructures nowadays, therefore their security is increasingly important. This, combined with the pressing requirement of deploying massive numbers of low-cost and low-energy embedded devices, stimulates the evolution of lightweight cryptography and other green-computing security mechanisms. New crypto-primitives are being proposed that offer moderate security and produce compact implementations. In this article, we present a lightweight authenticated encryption scheme based on the integrated hardware implementation of the lightweight block cipher PRESENT and the lightweight hash function SPONGENT. The presented combination of a cipher and a hash function is appropriate for implementing authenticated encryption schemes that are commonly utilized in one-way and mutual authentication protocols. We exploit their inner structure to discover hardware elements usable by both primitives, thus reducing the circuit’s size. The integrated versions demonstrate a 27% reduction in hardware area compared to the simple combination of the two primitives. The resulting solution is ported on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a complete security application with input/output from a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) gate is created. In comparison with similar implementations in hardware and software, the proposed scheme represents a better overall status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedding a hidden stream of bits in a cover file to prevent illegal use is called digital watermarking. The cover file could be a text, image, video, or audio. In this study, we propose invisible watermarking based on the text included in a webpage. Watermarks are based on predefined structural and syntactic rules, which are encrypted and then converted into zero-width control characters using binary model classification before embedding into a webpage. This concept means that HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used as a cover file to embed the hashed and transparent zero-width watermarks. We have implemented the proposed invisible watermarking against various attacks to reach optimum robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of data security and fault tolerance in the Cloud. The application of the proposed model includes organizations, business groups, and establishments where the data are highly confidential and need to be kept in a very secure manner among a number of users. The paper recommends a model to enhance the security measure and a model to increase the fault tolerance capability. To increase the overall security, the security measure needs to be followed at the user side. The work is carried out on a multi-cloud environment where the data are encrypted, split, and stored. The storage details are held by the owner in a file that is encrypted and the key is retained by a set of owners using secret sharing scheme. The model would work continuously when one of the Cloud Service Providers goes in for a failure and another model has been proposed which would work when two Cloud Service Providers go down. The method increases the security and provides improved fault tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]