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An algorithm to simulate and estimate the savings in electricity consumption costs of micro, small and medium size enterprises (MSMEs) has been used, and its reliability has been verified in an enterprise. The methodology includes Peruvian regulations to determine the charges corresponding to each electrical tariff, and thus can be applied for any kind of MSME in low and medium voltage. From the electricity consumption profile and tariff in three representative MSMEs it was possible to simulate the changes in the electricity tariff and the rating factor. With this methodology it was possible to identify the most convenient tariff for each MSMEs considering their rating factor during peak hour (PH) and non-peak hour (NPH). The satisfactory results of the simulation show that the methodology represents an important tool to increase the productivity and competitiveness of these economic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between university - business cooperation and its effect on entrepreneurial innovation performance. It has three purposes, to examine the effect of universitycompany cooperation on innovative business performance and to determine whether the size of the company and the expenditures on research and development are factors that influence to develop the cooperation university-company for innovation. The national survey of innovation activities of Ecuador was used in 2013 with a stratified sample of 2.815 companies from 24 provinces of Ecuador. The logit, probit and tobit models were used for the econometric analysis. The research findings indicate that university - business cooperation positively influences the development of business innovation, and there is an influence of the size of the companies in the university-business relationship. However, this double helix has no relation with the investment in research. and development of companies in Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]