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Objective To evaluate the in vitro activity of nitrofurantoin against various isolates yielded from urine specimens. Place and duration Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from January 2009 through January 2010. Materials and methods A total of 919 urinary isolates (Escherichia coli 690, Klebsiella pneumoniae 62, Klebsiella oxytoca 26, Enterococcus faecalis 54, Enterococcus faecium 18, Enterobacter agglomerans 16, Enterobacter cloacae 4, Acinetobacter baumannii 20, Citrobacter spp 15, Serretia marcesens 14) were cultured from urine specimens during the study period. All the isolates were tested against nitrofurantoin along with other routine antibiotics used for urinary pathogens. Results Out of total 919 urinary isolates, percentages of sensitivities of nitrofurantoin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter spp, Serretia marcesens were 89.4, 32.3, 15.4, 81.5, 39.0, 43.8, 50, 25, 26.7 and 28.6% respectively. Conclusion Nitrofurantoin is very effective against urinary isolates in-vitro and can be used empirically for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral malaria is a dreadful complication of Plasmodium falciparum with high mortality and morbidity especially in children and pregnant women. Although rare, but most of the Plasmodium vivax induced cerebral involvement has been reported in India and China. More than 45 cases of P. vivax cerebral malaria have been published till today since 1920. We report a case of P. vivax infection complicated by cerebral involvement with intact sensorium in a young soldier. Patient was managed successfully with artemether based compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]