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Rimple Jeet Kaur,1 Jaykaran Charan,2 Siddhartha Dutta,2 Paras Sharma,3 Pankaj Bhardwaj,4 Praveen Sharma,5 Halyna Lugova,6 Ambigga Krishnapillai,7 Salequl Islam,8 Mainul Haque,9 Sanjeev Misra10 1Department of Pharmacology, Dr. S.N Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 2Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, BVM College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, India; 4Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 5Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 6The Unit of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 7Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia; 8Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; 9The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 10All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaCorrespondence: Mainul HaqueThe Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaTel +60109265543Email runurono@gmail.comBackground: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as an unprecedented challenge to discover effective drugs for its prevention and cure. Hyperinflammation-induced lung damage is one of the poor prognostic indicators causing a higher rate of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, is being used for COVID-19 treatment, and we currently have limited information regarding its efficacy and safety. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse drug events (ADEs) reported in the WHO pharmacovigilance database.Methods: This study analyzed all suspected ADEs related to favipiravir reported from 2015. The reports were analyzed based on age, gender, and seriousness of ADEs at the System Organ Classification (SOC) level and the individual Preferred Term (PT) level.Results: This study is based on 194 ADEs reported from 93 patients. Most frequent ADEs suspected to be caused by the favipiravir included increased hepatic enzymes, nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, and diarrhea. Severe and fatal ADEs occurred more frequently in men and those over the age of 64 years. Blood and lymphatic disorders, cardiac disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, injury poisoning, and procedural complications were more common manifestations of severe ADEs.Conclusion: This study revealed that favipiravir appears to be a relatively safe drug. An undiscovered anti-inflammatory activity of favipiravir may explain the improvement in critically ill patients and reduce inflammatory markers. Currently, the data is based on very few patients. A more detailed assessment of the uncommon ADEs needs to be analyzed when more information will be available.Keywords: favipiravir, usage, SARS-Cov-2, scrutiny, assumed, adverse drug events, described, World Health Organization, record

Siddhartha Dutta,1 Rimple Jeet Kaur,2 Pankaj Bhardwaj,3 Jaykaran Charan,1 Sunil Kumar Singh Bist,4 Mohan Dan Detha,5 Tanuj Kanchan,6 Praveen Sharma,7 Sanjeev Misra8 1Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 2Department of Pharmacology, S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 3Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 4Medical and Health, Jodhpur Zone and COVID 19 Nodal Officer, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India; 5Block CMHO, Luni, Jodhpur and Medical Officer in Charge, COVID Care Centre, Boranada, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 6Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 7Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; 8All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaCorrespondence: Jaykaran CharanDepartment of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaTel +919825219196Email dr.jaykaran78@gmail.comIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the entire world to a standstill. The disease is rapidly transmitting in the community. Imposed lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic have effectively delayed the transmission in the community but the transmissibility in households needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to estimate the household transmission of COVID-19 and assess the factors affecting transmission.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study where the data were collected from a single isolation center, was conducted. Patients were contacted by phone. Information regarding number of COVID-19-positive cases in the family, their demographic details, along with number of rooms in their household was collected.Results: A total of 369 families of COVID-19-positive patients were contacted. Nineteen families with a single member were excluded. Out of 350 families with a total 2126 members, 480 (22.5%) were COVID-19 positive. Mean age was 30.12 years (± 14.39) and majority of them were males (68.9%). Majority of the cases (67.3%) were in the age group (19– 49 years). Mean rooms per person were 0.51± 0.20 (0.14 to 1.50). Mild negative correlation was seen between number of positive COVID-19 cases and rooms per person (r= − 0.138, p=0.008) while moderate negative correlation with number of family members and proportion of family members being COVID-19 positive (r= − 0.542, p≤ 0.0001).Conclusion: One in four family members got infected with COVID-19, they were majority males and in the working age group. Negative correlation of positive cases with number of family members and mild negative correlation between rooms per person and proportion of family member affected indicates some other factors may be responsible for household transmission than these factors.Keywords: COVID-19, household transmission, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, isolation