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El ictus es la enfermedad neurológica más común y una de las principales causas de discapacidad a largo plazo. Provoca discapacidad en al menos el 50% de los pacientes que lo sufren. La hemiparesia es una deficiencia causada por el ictus que afecta de forma grave a las AVD, AIVD y calidad de vida. El objetivo del estudio es observar si existe relación entre la funcionalidad, nivel de dependencia de las personas tras un ictus y la calidad de vida. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal con una muestra de 50 personas con ictus a los que se les valoró la funcionalidad del miembro superior, nivel de dependencia y calidad de vida. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bivariado mediante r de Pearson para determinar las relaciones existentes. Se observó una relación significativa en cuanto a una mayor limitación funcional y mayor dependencia en la realización de AVD y AIVD con una peor calidad de vida, además de ser estas variables predictoras de la calidad de vida. El estado funcional y el nivel de dependencia pueden ser agravados por un entorno poco accesible que a su vez tiene repercusiones directas en la calidad de vida. Es importante la adaptación del entorno y seguir trabajando por conseguir la concienciación de una correcta accesibilidad y diseño para todos.

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha afectado a toda la población a nivel, mundial, siendo las personas mayores uno de los colectivos vulnerables en esta situación. En España el 54,59% de la población es mayor de 65 años y de este porcentaje el 30,19% son personas dependientes. Detrás de estas relevantes cifras es importante tener en cuenta que por cada persona en esta situación hay al menos un cuidador informal además de los cuidados formales que recibe. En un año donde las personas mayores dependientes han tenido que pasar la mayor parte del tiempo confinadas y apartadas de sus actividades, familias y lazos sociales, es decir, todo aquello que para la persona es significativo en su vida, el cuidador informal ha tenido que asumir no solo los cuidados que anteriormente realizaba, sino una gestión emocional y terapéutica por la falta de los anteriores recursos. Debido a Covid-19 el cuidador informal se ha visto desbordado a nivel emocional por la situación vivida respecto a los cuidados de su familiar. El propósito de este trabajo es la elaboración de un programa de intervención para respuesta a las necesidades no cubiertas a nivel psicosocial de los cuidadores informales de personas mayores o en situación de dependencia durante este año de pandemia. Ofreciendo una herramienta para validar la importancia de su trabajo y el cuidado de las personas dependientes, además de dotar de estrategias y habilidades de gestión emocional. Trabajando el empoderamiento, la aceptación y orientación en valores. Con esta herramienta que se ofrece a los cuidadores informales se pretende mejorar la calidad de vida del cuidador y por ende de la persona mayor o en situación de dependencia.

The true essence of the aging process is the interaction between the subjective decrease in the cognitive and non-cognitive plane that produces a functional alteration on the activities of daily life. The evolution of the population pyramid has revealed a significant increase in the proportion of the elderly throughout the world and without clearly establishing the social roles of this group. One of the biggest predisposing factors for elder abuse is the concept that society has about aging (fragility and dependency) together with a weakening of family ties and the lack of economic resources for adequate care. In Spain in 2018, 2,037,700 people over 65 who lived alone were counted, this data joins that in 2019 29.93% older suffered from dependency; data that increases exponentially when they exceed 80 years. It is estimated that elder abuse reaches 52.6% in the community, with dependency being the main risk factor. Elder abuse can present different forms of abuse, neglect or neglect with specific signs and symptoms; being the psychological the most frequent way of elder abuse. The profile of the abused is characterized by being a woman; 75-year-old mayor with cognitive disabilities or dementia; while the abuser / a relative, with limited financial resources and long-term care. The approach in case of detecting mistreatment of the mayor in the community, follows an action plan backed by the World Health Organization and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Interest in elder abuse has a growing interest in the scientific literature.

Background: The quality of life of caregivers is conditioned by several factors: the context of the caregiver, the degree of dependency of the family member, the type of illness, the mediating elements (formal administration and informal support, family and friends). All of the above demonstrates the need to implement actions aimed at supporting caregivers. Therefore, since 2011, and thanks to the participation of a multidisciplinary group of professionals: nursing, social worker and physiotherapist, it was decided to develop a workshop for caregivers in the basic health area of Carbajales de Alba (Zamora), 63 % of the population are over 75 years old with major dependency problems. Objectives: reduce caregiver overload and improve your health. Offer them a program that combines emotional, educational and social resources support. Method: the recruitment is done through the consultation of nursing on demand/scheduled and social worker. It takes place once a year, 3 sessions of 2 hours. Training contents: caring for the caregiver; Caregiver syndrome, feeding, hygiene, prevention of pressure ulcers and falls, Socio-sanitary resources, Dependency Law, Catalog of orthopedic prosthetic material, technical aids, legal aspects, mobilization techniques and basic back care, relaxation exercises. Activities: exhibition of the aforementioned topics, with the support of audiovisual material, and practical exercises. Participants: 60 caregivers, aged between 46 and 77, 50 women and 10 men have participated.

Introduction: The increase in the population of the elderly, added to the increase in pluripatology and polypharmacy, makes their admission to hospitals more and more frequent. Objectives: To establish the profile of the geriatric patient older than 75 years, with pluripatology and treated in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Virgen de la Concha Hospital. Analyze the results of the functional assessment through the Barthel scale. Identify the social situation through the Gijón scale. Methods: Retrospective observational study in the internal medicine hospitalization unit over a year. Descriptive analysis of variables: demographic (age, sex); functional capacity and social assessment. The data obtained from the Gacela Care software application. Results: 1285 admissions were made, with an average age of 78 years. A sample of 915 patients ≥75 years old was obtained, with a mean age of 85.9 ± 5.4 years (75-101), mode 89 and median 86 years. 43.5% are ≥85 years. 53.11% women and 46.88% men. Average hospital stay 7.4 ± 5.2 days (0-66). Dependency assessment: 38.57% with total dependence (62.32% women); 9.61% severe dependence (54.54% women); 15.19% moderate dependence (54.67% women); 26.22% mild dependence (47.08% women); 10.38% independent (30.56% women). Social situation: 28.80% without risk (64.63% women); 60.30% good social situation (47.37% women); 6.2% average social situation (56.60% women); and 4.68% severe social deterioration (52.5% women) Conclusions: The profile of the patients studied approximates that of “geriatric patient”. The highest percentage presents a level of total dependence, causing greater demand for care and resources. There are few patients with severe social impairment. There are a greater number of total dependent patients without institutionalizing. Therefore, the burden of care for these patients is carried out by family members from home, justifying the importance of the assessment of caregivers and evaluation of resources related to family overload and primary caregiver.

Depression is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. The existence of effective treatments can improve the quality of life of this population group. The epidemiology of depression is greater in institutionalized elders than in those who live outside these centers. There are variables to be taken into account to improve depressive status in the elderly population. Objectives: As a goal we ask ourselves to know if certain variables of dependency, emotional and sociodemographic can influence the depression of this group of elderly geriatric centers. And we consider the hypothesis of a greater dependence and less socialization of the subject, the depression will be greater. Participants: A sample of 80 elderly people admitted to a mixed geriatric residence dependent on the Provincial Council of Salamanca was chosen. Method: The GDS-8 of geriatric depression of Yesevage, questionnaire data demographic, emotional and dependency were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data through the SPSS program. Results: The results indicate that higher scores in dependency variables are associated with higher scores in depression. It is greater in women than in men, and in widows or divorced than in married or with couple. And higher also the lower the punctuation in values of socialization. 25% of the participants give significantly high scores in depression. Conclusion: According to the results, the hypothesis has been verified and the objectives raised in the investigation have been fulfilled. Empowering and developing autonomy, social contact will be seems a good way to prevent depressive states is institutionalized elders.

Adult and older women are the primary caregivers (and care demandants) of older dependent persons. They are also the protagonists of support programs for caregivers, both as plaintiffs and receivers, and also as professionals who provide this support, with different access to these programs for rural or urban population. The main objective of this article is to analyse the problems and situations related to the needs of this population who demands programs and also to address the treatment of these supports. For this, a qualitative and quantitative methodology is used, following a strategy of triangulation. The results convey that although women apply for and participate in these programs (whose positive effects on their quality of life have been checked), these are insufficient: These do not cover the needs and new demands of care, which means that a large majority of women are still in charge of caring work alone. In the same way, their presence in the design, management and coordination of these programs, even more absent in rural areas, is very limited in the “Emptied Spain”. Consequently, more choice of programs / psychosocial support (individual or group), entertainment and leisure, and training for this profile of caregivers and program managers are required. These and other findings are those developed from the ENCAGE-CM Program and CM:LEDYEVA Project.

La evidencia empírica sugiere que la adicción a Internet se asocia con otros problemas de conducta como la sintomatología depresiva, la conducta antisocial y el cyberbullying. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios en los que se examina la dependencia de las redes sociales virtuales (RSV) y la violencia escolar. Por ello, el propósito del presente estudio fue analizar las relaciones existentes entre la dependencia a las RSV y la violencia escolar entre iguales, en función del sexo y de la edad. Participaron 1952 adolescentes 50.4% chicos, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 16 años (M edad = 14,07, D T = 1.39). Se calculó un MANOVA multifactorial. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes con mayor dependencia de las RSV obtuvieron las puntuaciones más elevadas en violencia manifiesta y relacional (reactiva e instrumental). Además, los chicos y las chicas con alta dependencia de las RSV mostraron una implicación similar en conductas de violencia relacional (reactiva e instrumental), mientras que los chicos con alta dependencia mostraron mayor violencia manifiesta (reactiva e instrumental). Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones.

Fragility is an increase in the vulnerability to stressors of low intensity, produced by an alteration in multiple and interrelated systems, which leads to a decrease in the homeostatic reserve and the capacity of adaptation of the organism, which predisposes to adverse events affecting the funcionality. In Geriatrics we group the elderly in Healthy, Sick, Fragile and Geriatric Patient. A very powerful tool is used, which is the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment with the basic valuations: functional, Cognitive, social, and the complementary ones: Nutritional, affective, of the risk of falls, of the fragility, etc. It is very important to know the reversibility of the problem with a structured and multidisciplinary approach in terms of physical, nutritional, psychological intervention and pharmacological adjustment.

Las personas mayores de 65 años conceden mucha importancia a las diferentes prestaciones sociales. En base a un muestreo realizado con 1200 sujetos, se observa que las prestaciones sociales más valoradas están relacionadas con la problemática que afecta directamente a las personas mayores: los estados de salud, las limitaciones en sus actividades de la vida diaria y la dependencia. Le siguen en importancia todas aquellas prestaciones relacionadas con las actividades socioculturales, el ocio, las relaciones interpersonales y los viajes, valorando en paralelo los descuentos especiales que para ello se proporcionan. Existe una clara relación inversa entre la salud (y la edad) y la valoración de las prestaciones de tipo sociocultural, de compañía y de asistencia en las actividades relacionadas con la dependencia parcial.

Una sociedad que busca el bienestar y la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos debe promover políticas sociales que garanticen la atención, a todas las personas en general y, en especial, a las personas en situación de dependencia. La atención a este colectivo se ha venido realizando, tradicionalmente, a través de una red de cuidadores informales; pero esta red social no siempre tiene capacidad para hacer frente a las necesidades básicas de las personas en situación de dependencia, haciéndose necesario organizar y/o reforzar una red de apoyo formal que incluya diferentes servicios tanto comunitarios como de tipo residencial. La asignación de las personas a estos recursos debe realizarse de forma objetiva y sistemática a fin de garantizar, tanto la igualdad en el acceso de todas las personas a los recursos sociales, como el máximo ajuste posible entre las características de esos servicios y las necesidades de las personas. En el presente trabajo se analizan las variables y criterios que deben ser tenidos en cuenta por los diferentes profesionales para la asignación de recursos, como lo son: el apoyo social, la capacidad funcional o el estado cognitivo. Se ofrece, por último, un modelo de toma de decisiones que garantice la unanimidad y facilite esta labor profesional.