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A study was conducted to describe the surface morphology ofthe different segments of the oviduct in the Punjab white quail and Japanese quail using scanning electron microscope.The study revealed that the mucosa of the different segments of oviductof the Punjab white quail and Japanese quail was thrown into longitudinal folds. These longitudinal folds had secondary and tertiary branches. The folds were lined by varied shaped cells with globular luminal surface and cytoplasmic secretory blebs. At places opening of the glands and Clumps of secretory material were seen. As revealed by the scanning electron microscope the surface morphology of the different segments of the oviduct of the Punjab white quail and Japanese quail did not differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryostat sections of 6-7 pm thicknesses from pituitary glands of Indian buffaloes were obtained and incubated with different substrates for the demonstration of phosphatases, oxidoreductases andnon-specific esterases. The cells in the pars distalis were strong to intense positive for phosphatase, oxidoreductases and esterases as compared to the cells in pars intermedia and pars nervosa. The enzymes showed weak to moderate reactivity during prepubertal period while the activity was strong to intense during the follicular, luteal phase and in pregnant buffaloes. The overall expression of enzymes in posterior pituitary was weak and suggested that the posterior pituitary was just storehouse of hormones of hypothalamus and it has no role in secretion. Buffalo can be considered as a backbone of the development of dairy industry in India and a major contributor in country's milk production (56% of total milk).Reproductive efficiency is the primary determinant affecting productivity in female buffalo, but is greatly hampered by late a tta in ment of puberty, seasonality of calving, long postpartum anestrus and subsequent calving interval (Barile, 2005). A coordinated relationship exists between hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of animals and pituitary gland undergoes changes in its activity of cell types based on influences from hypothalamus and feedback from ovary at different stages of reproduction. The reactivity of various enzymes varies during different stages of reproduction and they play important role at each stage of reproductive physiology. Thus the present investigation was designed to elucidate phosphatases, oxidoreductases and non-specific esterases in pituitary gland during prepubertal, follicular phase, luteal phase and pregnant buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The histoenzymicactivities of phosphatases, oxidoreductases and esterases were observed in different nuclei of buffalo hypothalamus.The reaction of phosphataseswas intense during follicular phase while moderate to strong during other stages of the reproductive cycle. SDH and LDH enzymes in the ependymal layer and neurons showed weak reactivity while a strong reaction for GLD was observed in the ependymal layer and moderate reaction in the neuronal elements.Diaphorases showed strong reactionwhile MAO exhibited moderate activity. The activity of NSE was diffuse in the cytoplasm of neurons. Most of the enzymes showed weak to moderate activity during the prepubertal period while moderate to strong in the pubertal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface follicle count and oocyte quality was investigated in buffalo ovaries collected from an abattoir. Between seasons, the percentage of various size follicles was different (p<0.05). During winter, average follicle count per ovary, average oocyte recovery rate and percentage of grade-A oocytes was high (p<0.05). The tertiary follicles had intact granulosa cell layers in winter and loosened granulosa cell layers in summer. The apoptotic bodies in ovaries and vacuolizations observed between granulose cell layers and antral fluid in summer were absent in winter season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the histochemistry and histomorphometry of the cervix of sheep in the follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle. The internal and external os of the cervix uteri of healthy non-pregnant ewes were collected and analyzed. The histomorphometrical changes in the cervix during follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle may be related to the fluctuation of the progesterone and estrogen hormones.

The article discusses a study on the histomorphology and electron microscopic details of the endometrial glands of buffalo. The study, based on tissue samples collected from cornua and corpus uteri of six non-descript buffaloes during follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle, showed the openings of endometrial gland to be guarded by columnar cells with convex-shaped apical borders. It also found endometrial glands reaching from the endometrial surface to the base of the stroma.

The article presents a study on the scanning electron microscopy of epididymis at various stages of prenatal life in buffalo. The researchers collected tissue samples from the corpus, caput and cauda parts of epididymis of buffalo foetii, which were washed in chilled phosphate buffer and fixed in Karnovsky's fixative for 4 to 6 hours. They found that the epididymis of buffalo foetii was divided into the cauda, corpus and caput during the third trimester of gestation.

The article discusses a scanning electron microscopic study which aimed to show the details of the placenta of pregnant buffaloes. The study examined placenta of 6 pregnant buffaloes ranging from 60 to 243 days of gestation in India. The placentomes were gathered from the pregnant uterine horn of non-descript buffaloes sacrificed at slaughter house in Delhi.

This article focuses on a study which examined a scanning electron microscopic image of oviduct in follicular phase of estrous cycle. Carbon dioxide was used for the critical point drying of specimens. Results of the study showed that the mucosa of oviduct was located in a large number of longitudinal folds that were linked with each other by transversely placed folds. The study was able to identify both ciliated and non ciliated cells in the lining of the folds. Less ciliation was observed by the study in the follicular phase of the epithelium of isthmus compared to that of infundibulum and ampulla.

The article focuses on a study which investigated the histomorphology of the testis of Punjab white quails found in a poultry farm in Ludhiana, India. The study found that the testicular capsule has three layers, the tunica serosa, albugenia and tunica vasculosa. Meanwhile, the testicular parenchyma is composed of convoluted seminiferous tubules which were anastomosing in the testes.

The article focuses on a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of the surface structure of the ruminal papillae of goats. SEM found that the entire mucosal surface of the rumen was expanded by numerous papillae of different sizes and shapes. Horny cells covered the ruminal surface. The horny cells were found to have a granular appearance due to the presence of cytoplasmicprotrusions.

The article presents a study on the electron microscopic and histologic features in a case of Sertoli cell tumor in a dog. The researchers observed a 9 year old non-descript dog with the history of gynaecomastia and alopecia. They also washed electron microscopy tissue samples in phosphate buffer saline solution. They found increased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the affected cells.

The article presents a study on the scanning electron microscopic features of oviduct of sheep in the luteal phase of estrous cycle. The researchers collected tissue samples from ampulla, infundibulum and isthemic region of oviduct, which were washed in chilled phosphate buffer. They also used liquid carbon dioxide to subject the specimens to critical point drying. They found that secretory masses of various shape and sizes were scattered over the ciliated and secretory cells.

The article presents information on a study which determined the histometrical status of oviduct of sheep during follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle. It describes the experimental procedures including collecting tissue samples from infudibulum, ampulla, isthmus and utero-tubal junction. Findings noted a gradual decrease in the number and size of the primary folds from infundibulum to utero-tubal junction, and a significant increase in thickness of tunica muscularis.

The article describes the case of a five-year old Labrador dog with hepatocellular carcinoma. Results were obtained from the paracentesis of the dog's abdominal cavity, ultrasonographic examination, and necropsy. Histological findings revealed the arrangement of neoplastic hepatocytes and proliferation of fibrous tissue. Observation showed high vascularization, severe dilatation and engorgement of the blood vessels and sinusoids.