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Infective endocarditis (IE) in children is a rare entity which presents a high rate of events during follow-up. Congenital heart disease, i particular ventricular septal defect (VSD), is the main predisposing condition to IE at those ages. The long-term risk of IE is of concern and whose follow-up can be complicated by a relapse of IE and reintervention. The endocarditis can affect the aortic valve (AV) and induce destructive lesions such as perforation of the valve making it leaky. We report an uncommon case of recurrent endocarditis on restrictive perimembranous VSD, and onset of severe aortic regurgitation after surgical closure, requiring a reoperation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial or personal relationships that could be viewed as influencing the work reported in this paper., (© Indian Association of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgeons 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Combined heart surgery and lung resection remains a controversial issue. The treatment of two major conditions in the same operative time may be attempted in certain cases. We report the case of a 68-year-old man who presented for dyspnea on exertion. The chest computerized tomography scan showed an infiltrating tumor which involved the right interlobar artery. A pneumonectomy was indicated and the preoperative echocardiography detected a calcified aortic valve with severe stenosis and significant pressure gradient. The patient had combined pneumonectomy and aortic valve replacement through median sternotomy and was discharged 18 days after surgery. Cardiac valve replacement is feasible in conjunction with pulmonary resection. However morbidity is increased in case of associated pneumonectomy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Indian Association of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgeons 2017.)