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The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of 60-minute walking workouts using nordic walking poles on skin temperatures, and examine differences in body heat changes between nordic walking and general walking. Infrared thermal imaging was measured in healthy male and female adults (nordic 17, general 16). The participants were attached radial markers on upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity to be recognized accurately. After attaching the markers then measured standard skin temperature by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (IRIS-XP, MEDI-CORE, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). Both group walked for 60 minutes, the retest were taken 4 times per 20 minutes. Region of interest was set at below the radial marker and compared average value between nordic walking and general walking. For nordic walking, all muscles except the triceps in the upper extremity showed statistically significant differences in body heat changes according to time variations (0,20,40,60) (

The backward walking can be used as an exercise program mainly after injury. However, the present reality is such that studies evaluating the effect of backward walking through the foot pressure are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in foot pressure through forward and backward walking training before and after the interventions by group. The subjects for this study were 20 people in control group, and 20 people in the experimental group. Measurement tool used was the gait analyzer. All subjects were evaluated in the same manner for the foot pressure before and after the intervention. Interventions were conducted five times a week for four weeks, 30 minutes a day. After having light clothing and flat shoes, subjects walked forward in the control group, while the subjects walked backward in the experimental group. As a result, there was no significant difference in foot pressure between the control and the experimental group. However, in the control group, F2, F5, and R4 showed statistically significant reduction in pre- and poet-test. In the experimental group, F5 and F6 showed statistically significant reduction in pre and poet-test. It is considered that the results of this study could be used as a basis when applying the backward walking training in the clinical trials.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation therapy and manual therapy on foot pressure changes related to leg length discrepancy. The subjects of this study were 13 subjects (5 males, 8 females) with differences in leg length who agreed to participate in this study. Leg length was measured in a prone position, and foot pressure changes induced by weight support were determined using Gaitview (alFoots, Korea). The measurements were conducted prior to treatment, 15 minutes after TENS, and 40 minutes after manual therapy. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the results derived prior to the experiment, after the TENS therapy, and after the manual therapy. No statistically significant difference in sole pressure was found among the pre-treatment, post-TENS treatment, and post-manual therapy results. But Pressure differences between the left and right feet tended to gradually decrease prior to treatment, after the TENS therapy, and after the manual therapy. And asymmetry in foot pressure tended to decrease, that is, in terms of foot pressure differences between the fore and rear feet. TENS and manual therapy for the treatment of differences in leg length do not considerably affect foot pressure but reduce differences in left and right leg pressure and pressure between the forefoot and rear foot, thereby positively affecting foot balance.