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Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) being major public health problems in India, including West Bengal needs to be continuously monitored through recommended methods and indicators. Present study is aiming to assess the total goiter rate, urinary iodine excretion, iodine content of salts at households’ level among primary school children and to find association with the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population. Method: A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during March 2019 to August 2019 among 540 schoolchildren of class three and four. Goiter was assessed by standard palpation technique, urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was analyzed by wet digestion method and salt samples were tested by spot iodine testing kits. The total goiter rate (TGR) was 10.56 %. About 97.22 % of the salt samples tested were adequately iodized. Though consumption of iodized salt was adequate irrespective of socio demographic characteristics; goiter prevalence was significantly different with respect to mother’s education level. Median urinary iodine excretion was found to be with in normal range. Lastly, a comparison is made between indicators of IDD over years which showed significant fall of TGR % of North 24 Pgs and a significant increase of adequately iodized salt consumption from 2004 to 2019. Conclucion: 2019 resurvey of North 24 parganas indicates that the district achieved close to the goal of NIDDCP i.e. prevalence of IDD should be below 10%. It also proved that universal salt iodinization program has increased the household’s iodine consumption above national goal of 91.2%. Goiter prevalence is found to be less in children whose mother attend the education upto 12th standard and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fall injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Studies in Ethiopia are health facility-based and do not reflect the communities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess association between fall injury and socio-demographic characteristics among house hold in Ethiopia. Methods: The study was based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about injuries in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. Households were selected using stratified cluster sampling procedure. Data were collected using a standard interview questionnaire from January 18, 2016 to June 27, 2016. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were used to characterize the data and to identify the factors associated with fall injuries, respectively. Result: A total of 16,650 (98%) heads of household participated in the study with 152 reported at least one household member injured from a fall in the past 12 months. Among household members who were involved in a fall, 95.4% survived and 5.6% died. Selected socio-demographic characteristics: Household head sex [OR: 1.53, 95% CI (1.05-2.15)], age [OR: 2.4, 95% CI (1.28-4.63)], marital status [OR: 8.14, 95% CI (1.05- 63.15)]; family size [OR: 1.93, 95% CI (1.27-2.93)], owns land usable for agriculture [OR: 1.60, 95% CI (1.14-2.27)], owns livestock herds [OR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.02- 2.08)] and household wealth index [OR: 1.77, 95% CI (1.11-1.95)] were variables statistically significant with the fall injury. Conclusion: Household head characteristics including family size, agriculture-asset and wealth index were variables statistically significant with the fall injury. Injury prevention efforts should focus on falls with special attention among farmer households and low economic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertility is defined as failure to conceive after one year and 6 months of a regular unprotected relationships between couples, it is classified as primary infertility when there is no history of pregnancy have occurred, or secondary when inability to conceive occurs after one or more successful pregnancies . Female infertility is a multifactorial condition caused by many causes like ovarian, PCOS, uterine, and cervical factors, and associated with many risk factors as family history, obesity, blood group types, age and educational level of women. Some medical diseases implicated in causing female infertility mainly thyroid disorders by hormonal disturbance and menstrual irregularity. Aim: This study aims to identify the epidemiological factors among reproductive age women attending Obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department in sallahuddin teaching hospital.Subject and Methods: This is a cross section study conducted on reproductive age women attending gynecological and obstetrical outpatient department in Salahuddin Teaching Hospital during the period from 15th October 2018 to 15th April 2019 to identify the frequency, types, causes and sociodemographic associated factors with female infertility. The information regarding the problem and demographic characteristics was obtained according to questionnaire and body weight, height and BMI were recorded.Results: This study revealed that frequency of female infertility was 25% with a highest percentage of primary infertility 57% . PCOS where the main ovulatory causes of female infertility constituted about 41%.followed by other risk factors as tubal, uterine, and cervical factors.Conclusion: female infertility constituted abut quarter the causes of infertility among reproductive age women in Tikrit city .Primary infertility were the commonest type,most frequent among those between(20_24years age) .PCOS were the major ovulatory causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of an instructional program on the knowledge of patients undergoing chemotherapy toward self-care. A quasi experimental study design is carried out at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, from 7th October, 2018 to 22th April, 2019. The program and instruments were constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. A purposive random sample comprised of (60) patients undergoing chemotherapy was divided into two groups; study group consisted of (30) patients who were exposed to an instructional program and control group consisted of (30) patients who were not exposed to the program. The socio- demographic characteristics of the patients. Clinical data of the patients. Knowledge of patients undergoing chemotherapy toward self-care. Validity of the study instrument was determined through a panel of experts and reliability of the instrument was determined through Cronbach’s Alphamethod. The analysis of the data used was descriptive statistics and statistical inferential, in order to find the differences between the study group and the control group. The study findings indicate that there are significant differences between pre and post-tests in the study group in overall III main domains regarding patient’ knowledge toward self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess nurse’s knowledge regarding prevention and precautions of hepatitis, and find out the relationship between nurses knowledge regarding hepatitis prevention and precautions with selective sociodemographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted at medical or surgical ward and hemodialysis center unit in Diwaniya teaching hospital. The study was carried out from (1st September 2018) to (12th May 2019), A purposive (non-probability) sample was selected (100) from nurses that working medical or surgical ward and hemodialysis center unit in Diwaniya teaching hospital. The instrument was presented to (17) experts from several universities to be valid, the reliability of the instrument was determined through the implicated the Cronbach’s Alpha, the reliability of this instrument was (r = 0.81). The result of study was showed that The represented (69%) nurses had a moderate knowledge towards Prevention and Precautions of Patients with Hepatitis in AL-Diwaniya teaching hospital. In addition, the present study pointed out there was no significant relationship between among nurses knowledge regarding prevention and precautions of patients with hepatitis in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital and their demographic characteristics at p-value >0.05. Excepting with their education has been associated significantly at p-value ≤ 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was highlight the adverse side effects associating the use of IUD in terms of severity and duration of menstrual bleeding and their correlation to a number of demographic characteristics such as age, residency, occupation and past obstetric history in addition the correlation to duration of use of IUD.52 women with IUD were enrolled in this cross sectional study that was carried out in some governmental and nongovernmental obstetric institutes in Al-Diwaniyah province, Mid-Euphrates region, Iraq. The study stared one January 2018 and ended on March 2019. The main outcomes were the severity and duration of menstrual bleeding. The mean duration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was 2.39 ± 1.91 years and the duration ranged from one month up to 7 years. The duration and the severity of menstrual bleeding are shown in table 2. Four women (7.7 %) had 2-4 days/cycle duration of menstruation, 13 women (25.0%) had 4-6 days/cycle duration of menstruation and 35 women (67.3 %) had > 6 days/cycle duration of menstruation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to WHO more than half of world’s population lives in villages and rural areas. It is a challenging for the health care workers to protect and improve the health in rural areas1. Health of an individual or a community depends on many determinants and survey of any area will help to identify the socio demographic characteristics of particular region and to find the disparities in health services1. A survey done among 58 families which included 466 samples was conducted in Jheet village of Durg district of Chhattisgarh to identify the socio demographic characteristics and health condition with an aim to understand the health issues and factors affecting the health. This will help the health workers to plan health promotion strategies in future. The data was collected using a structured Questionnaire. The results of the demographic characteristics showed that majority (53%) of the samples are males and majority (95%) are Hindu families. 72% of the families are of joint type and 25% are of nuclear type. 75% of the population is married and 74% are engaged in private occupation. Results of housing standards showed that 49% of the families are residing in pucca house, 32% are in semipucca houses and 19% in kachha houses. Majority (97%) of families are using dumping as method of waste disposal. Description of special groups showed that samples consisted of 43% eligible couple, 30% target couples, 14% postnatal women, 11% antenatal women and 2% infertile couple. The vital events occurred in the community in one year were 17 births and 2 deaths. Survey on prevalence of disease conditions among 94 samples, Majority were having hypertension (30%) and diabetes (18%), anemia (12%) and psychiatric illness (6%). The major substance abuse present among the samples was alcoholism and pan chewing (24%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of risk of fall among elderly in selected community area, Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The objectives are to assess the risk of fall among elderly in selected community area, To associate the risk of fall with demographic variables in selected community area. The resrarch approach used for the study was Quantitative Approach Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 samples. The data were collected by using Fall Risk Assessment scale. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed. The level of significance selected was p<0.05 level. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The result showed that 62% of elderly had low level of risk where as 38% of elderly had moderate level of risk of fall. The showed that the demographic characteristics like Age (χ² -7.588), Blood Pressure (χ² - 2.00), Diabetes (χ² - 2.347), Vision (χ² - 3.45)have significant association where as demographic characteristics like Gender χ² - (0.020), Arthritis (χ² - 0.006) have no significant association . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiology of AS is unknown, but a combination of genetic and non- genetic risk factors works in concert to produce clinical disease. Smoking has a negative impact on disease activity and functional ability in AS with more severe radiographic damage. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of smoking on AS disease indices (activity, and functional impairment). Patients and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 150 AS patients. Information concerning smoking, demographic characteristics & clinical criteria data were gathered consisted of age, gender, BMI, duration of disease,Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-ESR), Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). All cases were investigated for HLA-B27 and ESR. Results: A total of 150 patients with AS were involved in this research. The non-smokers constituted 52% of cases. Ex-smokers formed 14.7% of patients. Low grade smokers (<15 pack-year) formed 18% of patients and high grade smoker (15+ pack-year) formed 15.3% of patients. There is a positive relation and statistically significant moderately strong to strong positive linear correlation between AS disease activity, functional impairment. The mean ASDAS, BASDAI and BASFI was the lowest in non-smokers and elevate with increment in the number of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: AS smoker cases had elevated disease activity & functional impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess levels of anxiety among the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute, to find out relationship between students’ anxiety levels and some socio-demographic characteristics such as (age, residency, marital status and department) of the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute. The period of the study was from April 2nd, 2019 to June 2nd, 2019). To meet the study objectives a questionnaire was constructed. This questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part includes four demographic characteristics: age, residency, marital status, and department; the second part concerning with the test anxiety scale. The scale measures the most important symptoms that characterize the test anxiety. Data were analyzed by applying: descriptive statistical analysis: frequencies and percentages and distribution; and inferential analysis: Correlation Coefficient, Chi-squire. The findings of the study revealed that assessment of exam-related anxiety among the Students of the High Healthy Vocations Institute is moderately to severe level of anxiety. There was a significant relationship between severity of anxiety and age of the students. The present study recommends encouraging the students to learn some coping strategies and stress managements by attending training and relaxation sessions. Advice to regular recreational programs that include trips to reduce stress and to help them to prevent and lessen the stress associated with every-day life events stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focus on the various demographic characteristics related to physician’s practice related code of ethics in the healthcare sector which might help in upgrading the ethical standards to promote healthy medical care. The demographic characteristics of the physicians includes gender, age groups, work experience and education qualification. The target population was full time physicians from the with a sample size of 114, comprising of 56 male and 58 female respondents with age group 25-29 years, 30-34 years and above 34 years. To accomplish the objectives stratified random sampling technique was used. A standardized questionnaire was used to identify the practice related code of ethics of the physicians. The results revealed that there was a significant difference among various work experience and education qualification. Whereas, age and gender were found to have no significant difference regarding practice code of ethics. Therefore it is vital to change the attitude of physicians and have adequate knowledge and awareness about the ethical codes among all the stage of the medical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing paan-use cessation intention (PUCI) among Bangladeshi women to obtain basic data for the development of paan-use cessation (PUC) programs. Method/Statistical analysis: 173 Bangladeshi women participated in the study between May and June 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, factor analysis, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Findings: Among participants, 54.3% had PUCI. Factors influencing PUCI were attempt at PUC in the past year, recognizing the need for education on PUC, PUC attitude, and secondary dependence motives. Improvements/Applications: Customized PUC programs should be developed based on Bangladesh women’ demographic and paan-use characteristics, actively encouraging attitude formation related PUC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Until now construction sector is still dominant contributors on workplace accident (WA) in Indonesia. However, there is a limited report analysing the causal factors. Demographic characteristics and work environment are suspected factors to be responsible on this condition. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the factors associated with WA occurrence on high building (hotel) construction. Method: This research has been conducted on 105 workers at a high building construction in Samarinda by one of Indonesian largest construction company. Factors observed were age, working experience, level of education, working time, adherence to a standard operating procedure, health and safety knowledge, health and safety attitude, level of noise, lighting at a workplace, and work fatigue. Cramer’s V test and odds ratio were applied to see an association between the WA occurrence and the factors as well as their level. Results: During the 11 months construction, 58 WA occurrence were recorded. It is about 55.2% of the whole number of workers. Age (p=0.000), working experience (p=0.000), working time per day (p=0.001), adherence to SOP (p=0.000), lighting exposure (p=0.03) and health and safety knowledge (p=0.000) showed significance correlation on the WA occurrence. Conclusions: Construction sector is still high risk work sector in Indonesia. Demographic characteristic (age, working experience and health safety knowledge) and working environment (working time, adherence of SOP, lighting exposure) are essential factors need to be considered to overcome the WA occurrence in high building construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: many important pathogenic bacteria as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can infect diabetic patients and causing inflammation, therefore aimed of the current study was study the Correlated between a demographic characteristic and biochemical tests of H. pylori in type 2 of Iraqi diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: study was carried out on diabetic patients infected or non-infected with H. pylori, during period (February-July)2017, in specialized centre for endocrinology and diabetes, study group (Patients), collected information from all patients by pretested questionnaires, biochemistry testes were done by enzymatic methods. Results: Out of the 185 patients of type 2 diabetes, H. pylori infection was found higher prevalence of H. Pylori infection in diabetics (38.4%) as compared to non diabetic patients (59.4%), as well as significant increase FBG (228 ± 27.9); HbA1c (8.1± 1.2); S. Creatinine (1.3 ± 0.4); Cholesterol (303.7± 9.8), HDL (40.6± 33.2) and LDL (146.4± 26) levels in H. pylori seropositive diabetic patients whilst increased level of WBCs (7.1±2.3); HB (13. 23± 0.9); S. Albumin (5.3 ± 0.1) and triglycerides (164.9 ± 17.4) in H. pylori seropositive non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: higher prevalence of H. Pylori infection in diabetics more than no diabetic patients, also high rate of H. pylori infection among age group (35-45) years, and significant increase FBG; HbAlc; S. Creatinine; Cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in H. pylori seropositive whilst increased level of WBCs; Hb; Albumin and triglycerides in H. pylori seropositive non-diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study is to determine the differences, to find out correlates, and to verify the causal relationships among occupational stress, psychosocial stress, and presenteeism, taking beauticians' demographic characteristics and individually perceived health into consideration. Method: With 246 samples collected from beauticians currently working at different locations in Korea, quantitative analyses were performed with SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.54 software and CFA, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression were implemented. Results: Individually perceived health was the major differential factor to affect the perceived stresses and presenteeism. And the older in age group, the longer tenure, and the higher position of beauticians were likely to get less occupational and psychosocial stress. And the perceived health was significantly and negatively correlated with the two stresses and presenteeism. Presenteeism was significantly and positively correlated with occupational stress and psychosocial stress. Beauticians' perceived health had significant and negative effects on presenteeism (-.171, p<.01), and both occupational (.252, p<0.01) and psychosocial stress (.391, p<0.001) beauticians perceived to possess were significantly and positively related to presenteeism. And psychosocial stress had stronger effects on presenteeism than occupational stress. Conclusion: This study provides evidences that beauticians' perceived health and stresses may increase the risk of presenteeism. Given the findings from the current study, managers and management are recommended to pay more attentions to this counterproductive phenomena, presenteeism, and to pay further attempts finding initiatives to improve beauticians' health problem and to reduce their occupational and psychosocial stress, which would in turn lead to presenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of fall increases with increasing ages. Falling is significant health problem in elderlyand the risk increases significantly when they have chronic diseases such as, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic problem, urogenital diseases, digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal and malignant diseases. elderly also vulnerable on suffering multiple chronic illness. This study aimed to identify the influence of multimorbidity to the incidence of fall in elderly. A cross sectional approach was used for this research, and, based on simple random sampling, a total of 427 elderly individuals (>60 years old). The data collection was based on the use of one set of questionnaires consisting of the demographic characteristics (age, gender, education background and economic status), the list of fifteen common chronic illness including suffered by the elderly as the risk factor for fall, and the incidence of fall within the las 12 month as the outcome. This study demonstrated that fall incidence among the elderly is significantly linked to the presence of chronic illness. The number of chronic conditions is significantly influencing the incidence of fall among elderly. The elderly who have more than two of chronic illness likely to have fall 2 times higher that those who have less than two chronic illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): To determine the impact of danger signs during pregnancy upon pregnancy outcomes and their relationships with pregnant women demographic characteristics at hospitals and primary health care centers in Al-Diwaniya City. A descriptive design, using evaluation approach, is carried throughout the present study for the period of November 3rd 2018 through May 27th 2019. A purposive sample of (200) pregnant women is selected for the study. A self-report questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of the study which is comprised of (7) Parts that include demographic characteristics, medical history, family history, obstetric history, danger signs during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Data are collected the use of the questionnaire and the structured interview. Data are analyzed through application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach of frequency, percentage, total score and inferential statistical data analysis approach of Multiple Linear Regression. The study findings indicate that the study has confirmed that there is significant impact of danger signs during pregnancy upon pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in Al-Diwaniya City. The study concludes that the study approves those pregnant women who are housewives with low education and unhealthy medical, family and obstetric histories may experience more danger signs during pregnancy than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: the current cohort study was planned and carried out in order to evaluate the role of newly introduced therapeutic approach, low dose metformin, for hidradenitis suppurativa. This cohort study included 20 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, 5 males and 15 females. The study was conducted at the dermatology unit, Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah Province, Mid-Euphrates Region of Iraq. The study started on November the 2nd 2018 and extended to June the 3rd 2019. Variables included in the current study were age, gender, residency, body mass index (BMI) and other associated illnesses. Outcome in the end of the study included clinical response and main side effects. Following one year of follow up the clinical response was recorded for all patients. Complete response was seen in 8 (40.0%), while, partial response was seen in 12 (60.0%). The only reported sided effect was gastrointestinal upset and was seen in 8 (40.0%). There was no significant association between clinical response and any of the demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Metformin is a safe an efficient oral therapy for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with negligible side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. Objective: The study aimed to assess nurses knowledge regarding chest pain management and respiratory maintains in Cardiac Care Unit. Methodology: A quantitative design (a descriptive study) was carried out to assess nurses knowledge regarding chest pain management and respiratory maintains in cardiac care unit. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (44) nurses who work in CCU unit at Azady teaching Hospital and Kirkuk general Hospital in Kirkuk city. the tools of data collection consisted of (25) items which divided to three parts. Part one, Nurses demographic characteristics, Part two deal with chest pain and part three is the respiratory maintains assessment. The data were collected through the utilization of constructed questionnaire, interview technique. The data were analyzed throught descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Results: A total of 44 nurses participate in the study, the study shows that (61.4%) of the samples age were (20-30) years old, (63.6%) were male. (68.2%) of them Graduate B.Sc. of Nursing, and (45.5%) of the sample has 1-5 years' experience in Cardiac Care Unit. The relative sufficiency for the chest pain assessment was (69.1) while the relative sufficiency for the maintains repiratory was (87.8). Conclusions: Based on the result, the study concluded that most of the samples were between (20-30) yearts, male, Graduate B.Sc. of Nursing, has 1-5 years' experience in Cardiac Care Unit. According to the grand mean of scores, the nurses has moderate knowledge regarding chest pain management while they have high knowledge regarding respiratory maintains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clicking selfie and sharing in social media is increasing day by day as an obsessive compulsive desire, which needs urgent attention. Objectives: To know the pattern of selfie taking and sharing of selfie in social networking sites and to correlate of selfie taking with self-esteem. Study area: Colleges of one university in India. A predesigned and pretested online questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, selfie related questions and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v20. Results: Among 595 participants, 23.1% of the students clicked selfies daily. The places where selfies clicked were public places (47.1%) followed by home (23.4%) and college (19.5%). Boredom (24.4%) was the main reason to click selfies. Negative mental health issues were seen among 56% of the participants like unhappiness, sadness, feeling worthless, depressed etc, when they didn't receive enough likes or comments in shared selfies. Among the students, 17.6% had selfitis and 20% had low self-esteem. No relation was seen between selfitis and low self-esteem. Conclusion: Counselling emphasizing on self-motivation and self-control on unnecessary use of social media, giving quality time to family and friends may be initiated as intervention method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth which reaches its peak between 11 and 14 years for the girls and between 13 and 16 for the boys. Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood with accelerated physical, mental and emotional development. To strengthen any nation, there is need of healthy mothers as they only produce healthy citizens. Objectives: A descriptive study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of Kishori Shakti Yojana services among adolescent girls. Materials and Method: Convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 100 adolescent girls. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire with 19 items and Likert scale with 16 items. Results: Overall grading of knowledge score and perception score revealed that one-third of the subjects (75%) had inadequate knowledge and 71 adolescent girls (71%) had unfavorable perception towards KSY Services. There was a significant association between knowledge of adolescent girls regarding KSY Services and age, annual family income, previous knowledge and source of knowledge. There was no significant association between perception scores of adolescent girls regarding KSY Services and selected demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The adolescent girls are provided with some sort of educational interventions such as information booklets, teaching programmes, modules on KSY Services will definitely update their knowledge and develops favourable perception towards KSY Services, which in turn contribute to improve the total quality of one's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates administrative staff’s satisfaction level towards their higher educational institutions (HEI). In this study, we compare administrative staff’s satisfaction differences from their demographic profiles: working experiences, age, and gender. A total of 322 administrative staff provided their feedbacks based on three elements of satisfactions which are: satisfied with their knowledge, satisfied with the management process of their HEI and finally satisfied with the escalation or growth of their HEI. The findings reveal that administrative staff were satisfied with knowledge obtained followed by satisfaction on the management of the university. On the other hand, administrative staff of HEI felt that they are least satisfied with the HEI‘s escalation. The findings unveil that female and senior administrative staff have much higher level of satisfaction compared to other related age and working experience groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research had the objectives of studying the prevalence and relationship between game playing behavior and stress of lower secondary school students using the sample group of 242 students of the lower secondary school students of the Chiang Mai University Demonstration School. Method: The research tools consisted of a questionnaire for demographic characteristics, Game Addiction Screening Test (GAST) for children and adolescents, the Suanprung Stress Test as well as statistical analysis involving frequency, percentile, standard deviation, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results showed correlation coefficient as follows: (1) Preoccupation with the game and stress had no relationship. (2) Loss of control in game playing and stress had very little relationship, whereas the correlation coefficient was 0.15 and statistical significance was 0.05 (3) Function impairment and stress also had little relationship whereas the correlation coefficient was 0.221 and the statistical significance was 0.01 and (4) Game playing behavior and stress had very little relationship as well whereas the correlation coefficient was 0.159 and the statistical significance was 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neck pain is the second most prevalent musculoskeletal symptom but is not given its due importance and is being assessed mostly with other musculoskeletal symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing factors associated with increased incidence and prevalence of non-specific neck pain. Method: A questionnaire for evaluation of risk factors associated with Non-Specific Neck Pain” (QERNP), has fifty-nine items designed by a detailed literature review and comprehensive collaboration with two academicians and neck pain participants. The questionnaire was tested on 200 participants. The two sections of the questionnaire assess the demographic characteristics, previous relevant history and four domains of the hypothesised risk factors, being occupation, personal electronic device usage, physical activity/inactivity, sleep and stress. Further additional questions are regarding presence and influence of neck pain on the individual. The psychometric properties were analysed by establishing validity and reliability through Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation, calculation of Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations. Results: Twelve factors came into existence explaining 30–40% of the total variance. Lack of redundancy of items and reliability was provided by calculation of Cronbach's alpha and cross validation. Conclusion: QERNP has satisfactory validity and reliability and is capable of being used in documenting the risk factors associated with neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally Hypertension (HTN) is an important cause of morbidity & mortality. It is easy to diagnose HTN at an affordable cost. Timely diagnosis will have positive impact on preserve & protect the ill health effects. The prevalence of hypertension is high in India varying from 22.2% in Meghalaya to 44.0% in Punjab and is rising among young population. Cardiovascular risk is reduced through awareness & simple modification in life style like quitting smoking, healthy dietary habits, exercise and managing stress. Present study was conducted on 454 student participants belonging to the age group of 16-29 yrs of age. The objective of the study is to find out knowledge about HTN & its association with family history & demographic characteristics amongst the young students. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire for demographic characteristics & awareness about HTN, its reasons & health effects. The data analysis showed that the participants had good knowledge pertaining to the causes and complications of hypertension and lack of physical activity as an important risk factor. However, they lack in knowledge of stress being a risk factor for developing hypertension in future. Chi-square test showed that both academic background and gender were having statistically significant association with knowledge regarding reasons for hypertension whereas only academic background was having statistically significant association with knowledge regarding effects of hypertension. Therefore, timely screening and adequate medical and dietary interventions will not only help to reduce prevalence of hypertension but also reduce the risk of developing related health implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess socio demographic characteristics, reproductive characteristics of pregnant women. To find out the relationship between the socio demographic, reproductive characteristics and safety measurement. A descriptive analytic design was conducted on (purposive sample) of (90) pregnant women with anemia at Babylon teaching hospital for maternal and children in Al-Hilla city. The tool used for data collection is an instrument for the period from 20th February to 30th July 2018, consists of four-section; involving socio demographic, reproductive characteristics, dietary and healthy measurement. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze the data. The finding of the study depict that (28.9%) of women aged (17-22) years, (45.6%) were Primary educational level; (60.0%) were (2-4)family numbers, most of them were house wives; (57.0%) were enough economic status; (62.0%) were resident in urban areas; (51.0%) were overweight (25 – 29.9) kg/m²; according to reproductive characteristics; (59.0%) were have gravidity(3-4); (60.0%) were not have antepartum hemorrhage; (42.2%) were period between conception and other(1 year); (43.3%) were Parity (1-2); (53.3%) were 2nd trimester of gestational age; (47.7%) were use contraceptive;(60.0%) were having abortion; according safety measurement most variables were fail assessment. There is association with all items at P≤ 0.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aim to Assess Daily Living Activities Domains. And find out the relationships between daily living activities domains and their demographic characteristics (age, gender, parent’s level of education, parent’s occupation and economic status) of School Age Children with sickle Cell Anemia in Al Nasiriya Centre for Hereditary Blood Diseases Quantitative design (a descriptive study) of one hundred children was selected. All the patients for both sexes diagnosed as having sickle cell anemia, for the period from 11th. November 2018 through to 12th February 2019. The collection of data is performed out of the utilization of developed questionnaire and by means of structured interview technique with the subjects who were individually interviewed by the using of Arabic version of the questionnaire in Al Nasiriya Centre for Hereditary Blood Diseases. The results of the study indicate more than third 31% of age is 6-7 years, more than half 51 % in1-2days is male, there is18% child isn’t in school, child in first class is 24.4%, absence number from school is 40% and most of them have a moderate level activities of daily living 65.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the knowledge among osteoporosis for female students and identify the association between overall assessment knowledge osteoporosis with demographic characteristics among female students. The study design a quantitative research by a descriptive study, the sampling it is non-Probability “purposive” sample was conducted on 200 Female Students among Osteoporosis Knowledge at Institutes in Al-Furat of Middle for the period from February 7, 2018 to March 16, 2018. A questionnaire it has used as a tool of data collection to fulfill the study, which consist of three parts, include demographic characteristics, medical history, and the health Protective behaviors. A content validity, which is carried out through 13 panel of experts. A panel of experts determines validity, while reliability use split half. A descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze the data. Results: Findings stated that the higher percentage were (68%) at age group (18-20) years, (91.5%) from urban areas, (74.5%) singles, and relative to source of information (48.5%) had more than source, followed by (23.5%) internet and social networking web. Also majority of those students (54%) were in fair level knowledge about osteoporosis disease, followed by (46%) had a good level of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: survey Woman’s’ information toward their hemophilic children. To developed Women’s’ information toward their hemophilic children. Discover the Association that affecting Women’s information and Demographic data. Quasi study was conduct on a sample consisting of (75) from 110 woman is having hemophilic children who were select randomly from Hereditary Bleeding Disease Center in Nasiriya city. women’s their Children who have hemophilia, carried out in Nasiriya city/Hereditary Blood Disease Center starting from first to 20 Feb. to 14 June 2018. Regard the demographic characteristics data of the hemophilic children in the study and control groups, the results that indicate that the high percentage of children are (6 - 10) years of age, and most of children irregularly attend to school (48.0 %, 63.64 %) respectively or do not attend school (32.0%, 31.83%) respectively in study and control groups, Family history of the disease in the present study found to be (48.5%) in families have one child affected and (25.6%) of families have more than one child affected, in the study group. While the family history in the control group was (60.0%) of families have 1 child affected and (22.8 %) of families have more than 1 child affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purposes of fractures care are to support injured joints and prevent joint injury, correct and support weak or deformed extremities, prevent worsening of abnormal curves in the spine and support in a specific positions in healing. Objectives of the study to order to assess nurses’ knowledge concerning management of fractures and to Find out the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, level of education, type of ward, training session, duration of session and years of experience in orthopedic wards. Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design carried out in Al-Sadder Medical City and adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from October 1st, 2016 until April, 20th, 2017. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (40) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from orthopedic wards. Data collected through using of a well-designed questionnaire consist of two parts: part I consists of (7) items, which included age, gender, level of education, type of ward, training session, duration of session and years of experience in orthopedic wards, and part II consists of (36) items, which included questions about anatomy, definition, types, treatment and general information about the fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the senior students’ knowledge concerning nursing diagnosis at southern of Iraq nursing faculties, and to find out relationship between students’ knowledge with demographic characteristics (age, gender, acceptance certification in college; residency during study; monthly income and desire of admission to the faculty of nursing). A quasi experimental design was carried out at southern of Iraq nursing faculties (Misan; Thi-Qar and Basra) from 11th November, 2018 to 28th March, 2019. The instruments was constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. It was consisted of two parts: Part one demographic characteristics. Part two of the questionnaire was include knowledge level which include (25) question. A random sample comprised of (90) male and female students who were admission in college of nursing at fourth stage. The measurement of instrument used observes knowledge level as the following: Within low (0-0.33); moderate (0.34-0.67); and high (0.68-1.00). The study findings indicated that there were the majority of participants’ level in colleges of nursing ( Basra, Misan, and Thi-Qar) have moderate level of knowledge; = (0.34- 0.67) for students were (66.7%), (40%), (69% ) and (66.7%) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability. This study aimed to assess level of depression in patients with osteoarthritis. A descriptive study design was conducted at handicap center in Al-Nasiriyah city for period from 29th November 2016 to 1st march 2017. A purposive (non-probability) sample of 50 patients were included. Data were collected through the use of the constructed questionnaire and the process of the self-administrative report. The questionnaire consists of 2 parts: part 1 includes Patients socio demographic characteristics includes (age, gender, educational level, monthly income, and duration of diagnosis). Part 2: consist of: Beak Scale for depression. Content validity of the instrument was determined through the use of panel of experts and the internal consistency of the instrument was determined through the pilot study and the computation of Alpha Correlation Coefficient (r = 0.870). Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches by using Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 20.0. The findings of the study revealed that most of study sample (46%) have sever and very severe depression. The assessment of level of depression among patients with osteoarthritis require more and more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Womanhood is the time in a girl's life after she has progressed through early days in childhood and adolescence. Having reached womanhood, no woman feels complete without becoming a mother. Method: In view of the nature of the problem under the study, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive approach and a non-experimental descriptive design were found to be appropriate to describe the study. The data was collected from 100 women who were residing in the selected rural area at Shimla using Non-probability purposive sampling technique. Result: Sample distribution according to the demographic characteristic showed that the study sample consists of 100 women in the age group of 21-35 years. Item-wise analysis revealed that 64 percent of women knew that "uterus is a part of reproductive system;" 68 percent of the respondents were aware that "prolapse is common in heavy lifting workers due to increased strain on pelvic muscles;" 50 percent of the respondents were aware that "vaginal discharge in uterine prolapse is white;" 76 percent of respondents knew that "constipation which can cause prolapse can be prevented by consuming fibre-rich diet". Conclusion: It is vital for the women to understand the key factors about uterine prolapse, especially the risk factors and preventive measures. Nurses in all settings play an important role in educating the community about health-related behaviour, risk factors, early screening, as well as preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The central goal of the present research is to identify how college students' attitude towards computer affects their studying/learning and academic procrastination. Method/Statistical analysis: The subject group consisted of a group of 209 students taking general education courses at N University located in Choongnam, Korea. The collected data from a survey questionnaire was analyzed by using a set of statistical methods: a frequency analysis for demographic characteristics, a correlation analysis as well as a regression analysis. Findings: It was found that the subfactors of the attitude under discussion - confidence, usefulness and desire to learn-showed a significant positive correlation among one another, while the negative feeling of anxiety or fear was not significantly correlated with other subfactors. Overall, however, the attitude toward computer was closely correlated with academic procrastination: the higher the attitude toward computer, the lower academic procrastination. Improvements/Applications: The findings of the current research are expected to help us recognize the importance of the attitude towards computer and to help students improve their learning capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A randomized controlled trial was used in this study, which was conducted at Al Hussein Medical City in Karbala. A random sample consisting of (80) nursing staff and males was selected. This sample was divided into two groups: the study group consisted of (40) nurses and a control group consisting of (40) nurses. A self-administration questionnaire was used for data collection and consisted of four parts: (a) demographic and social characteristics, (B) general health information; (c) identification of smoking behavior; and (d) measure of self-examination of test scores. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between all concepts of the model of health beliefs related to tests of testicles (perceived readiness, perceived risk, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, signs of doing work and self-efficacy) in all tests. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the perceived risk of testicular cancer and the perceived risk of testicular cancer in all tests. This study concluded that health education based on the model of health beliefs was effective in improving all the key concepts of the model of health beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): to assess the awareness of caregiver about homecare neutropenia among children with leukemia at oncology wards, and to find out relationship between level of awareness of caregivers and demographic variable. A descriptive study carried out at Baghdad City from1st of February 2018 to 30th of September 2018. Non-probability sample of (50) males and females caregivers was selected from the oncology wards in Child Welfare, Child's Central, Al-Kadhmiya and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. To achieve the purposes of the study, a questionnaire format was designed and constructed by the researcher depending on the extensive review of available, related literatures and studies. The first part is related to caregivers' demographic characteristics and the second part (three domains) is related to daily activities of caregivers about home care neutropenia among children with leukemia at oncology wards. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis (Frequency, Percentage, Mean and Standard deviation) and inferential statistic (significance and correlation coefficient). The study revealed that the majority percentage of caregiver's responses toward personal hygiene domain were 82% don't know about use a moisturizers to prevent dry skin, also 60% don't know that use of mouth wash contain alcohol was contraindicated for child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis is still a main public health problem in many developing countries. Objectives: are to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample, to assess the social stigma circumstances of the disease throughout the insight of the community, and to find out the relationship between the sample sociodemographic data and the social stigma circumstances. A descriptive study was conducted on convenient random sample of 200 of both genders of the clients who visit the primary health care centers in Hilla city from the period (first of October 2017 to first of September 2018). The results of the present study have indicated that the overall assessment reveals that the majority of (61.5%) were positive social stigma towards patients with TB. The study concluded that there is a significant association between the social stigma and the sample demographic characteristic regarding age, educational level and occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is a global health problem, the mortality rate of breast cancer especially due to not being detected until an advanced stage, because of reluctance for undergoing early detection of breast cancer. Diagnosis of breast cancer at an early stage affords good opportunity for long-term survival. Effort has been made to decrease the number of deaths from breast cancer and the aim of this research for understanding factors related to the practice of breast self-examination (BSE). Method: This study was cross-sectional study and respondents in research were women work at Martapura Public Health Centre, with number of respondents being 168. Cluster sampling was used and the independent variables were age, job, education, experience, awareness of breast cancer, acquaintances ever having suffered from breast cancer, knowledge and BSE attitude, whereas the variable dependent in the research is BSE practice. Data were collected using questionnaire to obtain data on demographic, knowledge, attitude and practice. Results: Statistical results of the tests showed no significant relationship between age, job, education, experience, awareness of breast cancer, acquaintances ever having suffered from breast cancer and BSE practice; however, there was significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.047), attitude of BSE (p = 0.004) and BSE practice. Conclusion: Factors that have a relationship with the BSE practice in women are knowledge and attitude toward BSE. Increased knowledge and attitudes are expected to increase one's desire to do beneficial things such as practising BSE on time, in the right direction and in the right position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): To assess the level of knowledge and attitude of academic Instructor toward first aid and to identify the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of academic Instructor toward first aid and their socio demographic characteristic. Material and Method: A descriptive study design was carried out to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of academic Instructor toward first aid and to identify the association between the level of knowledge and attitudes of academic Instructor toward first aid and their socio demographic characteristic. The study was started from March 5th, 2018 to September 4th, 2018. The sample was Non - probability (purposive) sample of (50) academic Instructor are selected according to the criteria of the study and its purpose who working Technical Institute-Suwaira. The study was approved by the Center Ethical Committee. The data were collected by direct interview using specific questionnaire. Data was analyzed by (SPSS) package version 20. Descriptive data used to describe study variable: frequencies, percentages and mean of score. Inferential statistical data analysis approach: used by application of the Chi -square test used for determining the association between Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude. Testing the significant of the contingency coefficient for this study the significant P-value = 0.05. Findings: (28%) from them were 40-49 years old, (78%) were male, (88%) were married, the overall level of knowledge was poor (66%), highly statistical significant association between items which is related to knowledge and academic Instructor' educational level and highly statistical significant association between items which is related to attitudes and academic Instructor' department. Recommendations: The study recommends that Academic Instructor need regular training about first aid. Establish of mandatory courses for academic Instructor on first aid and attention for quality of this courses and provide first aid box at each department and classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined athletes' injuries and their coping strategies, targeting 185 athletes registered with the Korean Taekwondo Association. To meet the purpose of this study, questionnaires were used, and descriptive statistical analysis and χ² (Chi-square analysis) were conducted to process collected data. The following conclusions were obtained through these methods. First, the time of experiencing athletic injuries by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their grades, weight, and careers. Second, the rounds in which athletes were injured by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their grades, weight, and careers. Third, causes of athletes' injuries by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their grades, weight, and careers. Fourth, first aid treatment by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their grades, weight, and careers. Fifth, injury treatment methods by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their weight and careers. Personal treatment was most frequently used by weight and careers. Sixth, perceived methods of preventing athletic injuries by demographic characteristics revealed a statistically significant difference in their weight, grades, and careers. As a result of this study, elite taekwondo athletes' injuries were incurred and repeated by many causes regardless of demographic characteristics. To prevent and minimize injuries, careful attention from athletes, coaches, hands-on staff and educators is needed. In addition, injury prevention programs for athletes should be implemented to minimize injuries and accurate treatment should be applied through comprehensive education on athletic injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abuse of substances creates a great threat to the health, social and economic condition of individual, family, community and to the nation. In the past two decades' abuse of substances is an important public health concern among people, especially among adolescents. The major aims of the study were to determine the knowledge on the effects of substance abuse and to find the association between the level of knowledge scores on the effects of substance abuse among adolescents and selected demographic characteristics.Govt. PU College, Halayangadi, Dakshina Kannada District was the setting and 360 samples were selected by multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected by administering the structured knowledge questionnaire (r=0.82)with 30 items.Majority 180(50%) of the adolescents had average knowledge and least 27 (7.5%) had poor knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 24.87±6.435, with a mean percentage of (50.75%) revealing that the overall knowledge of the adolescents regarding effects of substance abuse was good. The study found out that there was no significant association between demographic characteristics and knowledge of the samplesat the significance level of 0.05.The study concluded that there is a need of motivational classes to prevent substance abuse in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Determine hearing thresholds at sound frequencies important for speech comprehension in subject with ocular pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and to compare them with that of control without PXF. Method: 60 subjects with ocular PXF and 60 age and sex matched controls without PXF were enrolled in this case-control study. Pure tone audiometry (bone conduction) was performed at 1,2 and 3 kilohertz (KHz) in all subjects. Thresholds were compared to an age and sex stratified standard (ISO7029) and between study groups. Hearing loss was defined as sum of tested hearing thresholds (HTL-1,2,3) lower than the ISO7029 standard median. Results: The study included 35 males and 25 females subject in each group. Hearing loss was present in 97 of 120 (80.83%) of examined ears in the case group Vs 52 of 120 (43.3%) in the control group [P<0.001; odds ratio(OR) = 5.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) ]. overall 54 subjects ( 90%) in the case group Vs 37 subjects 61.6 % in the control group had hearing loss in one or both ears (P<0.001; odds ratio(OR) = 5.5; 95% confidence interval. Hearing thresholds at each of the examined frequencies and the HTL- 1,2,3 were also significantly higher in individuals with PXF. Conclusions: Hearing thresholds at frequencies which are important for speech comprehension are significantly worse in individuals with ocular PXF as compared to matched controls. This finding may support the multi-organ nature of PXF syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is becoming a modern pandemic due to increase in population, vehicular density and meager infrastructure facilities. By 2020 road traffic injuries are expected to be the third leading cause of death and disability. Objective: To investigate the various epidemiological factors related to RTA. Study design: Descriptive study Participants: 744 RTA cases reported during one year period from May 2009 to April 2010. Study variable: Demographic characteristics of the RTA victims, time, month of accident, mode of accident and vehicles involved in accidents etc. Statistical analysis: Percentages. Results: Out of 744 RTA cases 612(82.26%) were males while 132(17.74%) were females. Agricultural workers were the 461(61.96%) highest among the victims by profession. Most of the victims 267(35.89%) were in the age group 21-30 years. The highest number of accidents 83(11.15%) took place in the month of December and 291(39.11%) RTA occurred between 12pm-6pm. Motorized two wheelers and three wheelers were most common vehicles involved in RTA. Amongst the drivers and occupants of different vehicles, drivers of motorized two wheelers 143 (61.27%) and occupants of motorized two wheelers 119(34.29%) were most involved victims.115 (15.45%) RTA cases driving motorized two wheelers were under influence of alcohol and 35 cases occurred due to hit of two wheelers with animals at night hours. Thus, several epidemiological factors are found to be associated with RTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]