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Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a frequently encountered dermatological condition seen commonly in middle aged or elderly, but in the recent times, there has been an increase in the childhood cases, especially in the adolescent age group. AN clinically manifested as dark, velvety, and thickened skin, symmetrically distributed over the neck, axillae, other flexural regions of the body and face. Facial AN, a somewhat recent entity that has been described and significant association with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome, has been established. AN was once considered a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis but is now frequently observed in obese adolescents. Obesity in adolescence is a public health priority because it usually tracks into adulthood, resulting in enormous medical and social costs. This underscores the importance of early identification and intervention. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of AN in childhood, including history, definition, classification, its clinical significance, management challenges, and the direction of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sir, PHACE syndrome is the conglomeration of a large hemangioma, located on the face or neck, along with posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangioma, arterial lesions, cardiac abnormalities/aortic coarctation, and eye abnormalities. PHACE syndrome in antenatally diagnosed posterior fossa anomaly. The criteria were graded into two categories, namely PHACE syndrome and possible PHACE syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

Erythroderma in infants can be attributed to plenty of causes, the more common ones being nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, lamellar ichthyosis, bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, severe atopic dermatitis, etc., However, there can be circumstances where infantile psoriasis can present to us with erythroderma; this may be a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Hereby, we present a case of a young boy with recurrent erythroderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We hereby report a case of a male child who presented with multiple brown to red papules and plaques in a seborrheic distribution. Histology and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multifocal and multisystem involvement (Letterer-Siwe type). The case is being reported for its rarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is apparently benign, locally proliferating lesion composed of vascular channels with surrounding infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils. We report two cases with long‑standing papulonodular lesions on the left ear who presented to us on account of trauma‑induced bleeding and cosmetic issues. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was present, and histological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of ALHE. The rarity of this disease in the pediatric age group prompted the present report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A young girl presented to us with a solitary asymptomatic pedunculated mass over her right arm. Histology of the excised mass revealed features suggestive of pedunculated lipofibroma. The paucity of documentation of pedunculated lipofibroma in this age group incited the present report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiokeratoma circumscriptum neviforme (ACN) is an extremely rare cutaneous disorder, occurring due to congenital malformation of the papillary dermal blood vessels. Clinically, it presents as well circumscribed, hyperkeratotic papules, nodules or plaques, often resembling malignant tumors like malignant melanoma or pigmented basal cell carcinoma. Thus, this uncommon but significant lesion should be diagnosed at the earliest, to avoid unnecessary confusion. We report here a case of congenital, linear, unilateral, verrucous plaques on the leg of a young girl, diagnosed as ACN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faun tail nevus is a congenital, posterior midline cutaneous defect, characterized by a circumscribed, hypertrichotic area on the lumbosacral region. It may be a cutaneous marker of underlying spine and spinal cord anomaly. Although, patients with this condition present to us mostly for cosmetic disfigurement, we should be vigilant, and look beyond cosmetic disfigurement, to unearth any underlying spinal anomaly. Here, we present a case of faun tail nevus in a 6-year-old girl, who consulted us merely for cosmetic disability, which was found to be associated with underlying spinal anomalies affecting the lower part of spinal cord and solitary neurofibroma. The clinical importance of such a finding has prompted this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excision and close follow-up are advisable in immunocompromised patients.[[6]],[[7]] Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. The patient was prescribed betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream and levocetirizine 5 mg.{Figure 1}{Figure 2}{Figure 3} Porokeratoma needs to be differentiated from porokeratosis of Mibelli. Sir, Porokeratoma (porokeratotic acanthoma), a rare entity, is a tumor-like acanthoma with features of porokeratosis (cornoid lamellation), commonly found over extremities, head and neck, chest, buttocks.[[1]] We hereby present a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with a solitary plaque on the right arm. [Extracted from the article]

Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous disorder of keratinization usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It usually affects the trunk and extremities. Lesions exclusively present over face are rare and not well-documented. We present a case of linear porokeratosis along the blaschkoid lines over the face in a 9-year-old girl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]