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Background: Telehealth was first used in 1998 and refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to provide rehabilitation services at a distance. In 2014, the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) acknowledged telehealth as an appropriate service delivery model for occupational therapy (OT) services. The WFOT published a telehealth position statement, which defined telehealth as "the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to deliver health-related services when the provider and the client are in different physical locations." Objective: The purpose of this review was to analyze the empirical studies on teletherapy in OT over the past 20 years in India and then propose recommendations for future research. This review study was guided by the following research question: What literature exists on telehealth in OT in India? Study Design: A review of literature. Methods: A systematic process was used to search the literature for this review. First, the data sources were identified. The database included Scopus, PubMed, Eric, Emerald, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect, and gray literature (books, unpublished papers, doctoral dissertations, etc.) was done using Google Scholar. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included in the review using Petticrew and Roberts (2006) as the basis. The next step included criteria for assessing the quality of the studies. The search keyword strings were "occupational-therapy" AND "teletherapy," OR "tele rehabilitation," OR "telehealth," OR "virtual-therapy," OR "online-therapy," OR "teleconsultation" AND "India," which appeared in the title, abstract, or keyword fields. The third step included data interpretation and analysis findings. The publication descriptor data were summarized after critical appraisal, study period, research theme, and research method. Certain criteria were followed to select the studies like, only full text journal articles available in English, studies that were produced from January 2001 to December 2021. Recurring themes were identified from the empirical research. Results: We went through all the databases (PubMed, Scopus, Eric, Emerald, EBSCO, Science Direct, and APA Psycinfo) where the total number of identified articles from the searches of these databases was 2260. Duplicate references were removed. We further excluded articles by reading the title, abstracts, and complete articles of the study. The final number of articles in the analysis was five. Conclusion: This study helped to identify the gaps with the intent to inform practice, policy, and future research by comprehensively synthesizing evidence to map a broad, complex, or emerging field of telehealth in OT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transforming occupational therapy (OT) practices and services to be more inclusive and political so that everyone has an opportunity to engage with meaningful occupations to advance their health and wellbeing is critical. An occupational justice framework locates occupations in a socio-cultural-historical context influencing the community or person's choice and participation. Communities marginalized due to socio-cultural-historical context struggle with participating in preferred occupations, which in turn affects their well-being and sense of self. Patriarchy, Gender binarism, Heteronormativity, Ableism, Casteism, and Classism are some dominant systems of oppression that affect how communities and people choose and participate in occupations. As occupational therapists and researchers, it becomes imperative to understand the experience of marginalized communities to contextualize interventions and evaluations to address the cultural practices of oppression. Objective: To understand how marginalized identity locations are represented in the Indian Journal of OT (IJOT). Study Design: A scoping review. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's methodology was used to review research papers published in the IJOT from January 2012 to April 2022. Results: Disabled people have been the most represented in the last decade. Women's experiences are represented as lesser than that of men. Within studies focusing on disabilities, men's experiences are represented more than women's. There are two papers in the last decade that focus on Adivasi people. Lesbian, Gay, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Bisexual, and Asexual + communities are absent from OT research in the IJOT. Dalits and Bahujans are also absent from research. Few studies use the person-centered model of intervention by partnering with clients, whereas most studies use a medical model where the therapist is the only expert. Conclusion: In this study, we derive three themes to explore possible explanations on why marginalized communities are underrepresented. These themes of "unconscious bias," "history repeats itself" and "medical model of research" help us understand factors we need to reflect on as OT researchers and therapists as we engage with communities and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical record keeping is a systematic method of documentation of a single patient's medical history and treatment record over time). It is crucial from multiple perspectives: patients, health care providers, medical research, etc. Conventinally, these records have been made with pen and paper. However, recent advances have led to the development of e-health record systems (EHRS). Objective: The primary objective is to describe our experiences at NeuroGen, where we have used all methods of patient documentation including traditional paper-pen method, video documentation, and EHRS. The secondary objective is to present the advantages and limitations of the different record keeping methods. Study Design: This is an interview-based descriptive study. Methods: We designed and conducted a questionnaire to compare traditional methods versus EHRS that was administered to 40 of our health care providers to obtain their feedback. We hereby present the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and EHRS based on the questionnaire. Results: The poster highlights that the EHRS when combined with video recording, whcich we are currently using at NeuroGen, vary in benefits and limitations, benefits outweighing the limitations. Conclusion: We conclude that despite the limitations of EHRS, traditional methods will soon have to be replaced and therefore recommend adaptation to the electronic health record system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational therapy education is accountable to society for producing skilled practitioners and to higher education for achieving educational goals. The active learning method has been associated with improvements in academic performance increased student feelings of empowerment and engagement increased attendance, student cooperation, and improved inter-professional teamwork skills. Occupational therapy students, on the other hand, prefer lecture-based learning. However, the evidence for the efficacy of many instructional methods in occupational therapy education is lacking. As a result, it is reasonable to compare the efficacy of various instructional methods in achieving learning outcomes. Hence, the use of passive versus active learning is one such comparison. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare active learning with passive learning in the occupational therapy education process. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental pilot study design. Methods: Total number of (n = 22) participants which was divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 11) were selected from Goa. The experimental group used the active learning method by teaching peers (others), whereas the control group received passive learning by the traditional lecture method by the teachers, and both groups covered the same syllabus topic. Objective measures were used to assess learning outcomes, with 20 multiple-choice questions administered pre-and posttest. Results: The study's findings revealed a substantial difference between the experimental and control groups. The results revealed a substantial difference in the pre and posttest scores in both groups, but more in the experimental group (P ≤ 0.05) than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both active and passive learning processes are beneficial in the occupational therapy education process, with the active learning process outperforming the passive process learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress can cause a significant impact on social and occupational participation to the extent that is significant clinically. This study thus aims to verify any correlation among self-reported mindfulness, perceived stress, and psychological well-being among individuals in intimacy versus isolation (19-40 years) and generativity versus stagnation (40-65 years) stage of Erick Erikson's classification of development. Objectives: (1) To measure psychological well-being, mindfulness, and perceived stress in people from the two developmental stages. (2) To study the correlation between psychological factors (the six dimensions of psychological well-being and mindfulness) with stress in each group. (3) To compare between these two developmental stages and the relationship between psychological factors and stress. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: Males and females belonging to intimacy versus isolation (19-40 years) and generativity versus stagnation (40-65 years) stage of Erick Erikson's classification of development were included in the study. Paper-based version of perceived stress scale, mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), and Ryff's psychological well-being scale were administered. The scores of perceived stress scale, MAAS, and Ryff's psychological well-being were compared. Results: individuals belonging to the intimacy versus isolation stage showed higher scores on stress and lower scores on mindfulness as compared to individuals in generativity versus stagnation (40-65 years) stage of development. Conclusions: Individuals who are more mindful experience less stress. Thus, practicing mindfulness can help deal with stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Literature in multiple sclerosis (MS) has consistently focused on physical limitations. Recently, research has expanded to the cognitive impairments of MS. Social cognition is increasingly recognized to be an important feature of cognitive impairment in several neurological conditions including MS. Considering research in social cognition in MS, none yet have highlighted the connection between social cognition and social skills. Identifying this gap, this study aims to determine if any such correlation exists keeping in mind the pathophysiological nature of MS. The purpose of the study is to understand the effects of multiple sclerosis on social cognition and to assess the correlation between social cognition and social skills in MS. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to identify and analyze the correlation between social cognition and social skills in multiple sclerosis. The secondary aim was to understand the effect of multiple sclerosis on social cognition and social skills. Study Design: This was a quantitative-based cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten patients, male/female, aged 18-55 years with good English comprehension skills, currently not in the relapsing stage of MS after screening for cognitive deficits on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (cut off >25) were assessed for social cognition and social skills on Faux Pas Recognition Test (PFRT) and Vellore Assessment of Social Performance (VASP), respectively. The test scores of PFRT and VASP were analyzed for Pearson's correlation. Results: Results of the study demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.68, P = 0.02) between social cognition and social skills in MS, as measured by FPRT and VASP tests, respectively. This evidence suggests that social cognition is affected in MS and negatively influences social skills in this population. Conclusion: Social cognition impairment affects the social skills of MS patients. The study highlighted the need to assess the effects of social cognition on social skills and functioning. The study further implies that the occupational therapy intervention framework for multiple sclerosis should include social skills training in the protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Specialized resisted strengthening activities to improve handwriting legibility are the process of training prewriting skills. Children can do activities of hand function. When a child develops finger strength, their hand strength also improves. These easy hand exercises can help a child develop fine motor skills and strengthen their hands. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the level of handwriting legibility in the control group and experimental group using the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting (ETCH) Scale and to compare the effect of specialized resisted strengthening activities in the experimental group than with the control group. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study design. Methods: A total of 30 autism children were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were split into two groups, each with 15 samples: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received 3 months of 12 sessions, each session of 45 min of specialized resisted strengthening activities individually whereas the control group did not receive specialized resisted strengthening activities but occupational therapy that excludes these specialized resisted strengthening activities. The pretest and posttest were assessed by the ETCH scale in both groups; the outcome of the posttest was investigated. Results: The results showed that the comparison of pretest and posttest mean scores of handwriting legibility in the experimental group was significantly effective after implementing resisted strengthening activities (P = 0.000 [significant]; 95% confidence interval CI: 71.13, 76.91). Conclusion: This study proves that specialized resisted strengthening activities can be used as an effective intervention to improve handwriting legibility in autism spectrum disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social inclusion is described as the process of improving the terms of participation in society, particularly for disadvantaged individuals. This includes the capacity to make friends, participate in community activities, engage in leisure, and play, and have access to outstanding inclusive classroom practices. Social isolation of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is well documented in research and inclusive education as a policy that strives to achieve full participation of all children in the school/classroom setting. However, it is not very well known about "What literature exists on social inclusion of children with autism in educational settings?" Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to analyze empirical studies on social inclusion of children with ASD in the educational settings over the past 20 years. Study Design: This was a scoping review. Methods: A systematic process was used to conduct the review as suggested by Arksey and O'Malley strategy for scoping review. This strategy consists of five main steps: (a) identifying the research question, (b) identifying relevant studies, (c) selection of critical articles, (d) reviewing and charting the data, and (e) collating and summarizing the results. A total of more than 15,000 articles were searched in a total of 4 databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane, and used Google Scholar as the search engine. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses model was followed to shortlist the articles based on title, abstract, and full article. Finally, 39 selected articles were summarized. Results: This scoping review study highlights the literature on social inclusion of ASD children and summarizes a variety of studies that help us better understand the issues that teachers and children face in the inclusion environment. The studies also describe how inclusion enhances social communication in ASD children. Conclusion: This study helped us to find experiences, key concepts, evidence types, and research gaps by synthesizing current knowledge through systematic search to appraise the stakeholders for social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of chronic childhood disability and constitutes a substantial portion of paediatric occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) practices. An analysis of current rehabilitation practices is necessary to use more recent, evidence-based, and effective treatment modalities. This study intends to explore the current rehabilitation trends in assessing and planning interventions for children with CP in India and finding the focus and gaps in treatment. Objectives: To describe the focus of therapy practices in OT and PT for children with CP and better understand whether it is congruent with recommended practices. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: An India-wide web-based survey on "Rehabilitation services for children with CP: A survey of what we do and how we individualize treatment for different children" (self-designed questionnaire) was completed by 50 occupational and 12 physical therapists to identify assessments and treatment interventions based on their clinical practice. Data were coded using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) definitions for "body functions and structure," "activity and participation," and "environment." Descriptive and quantitative statistics were used to identify the focus and gaps. Results: Both professions focused primarily on body structure and function assessment (OT: 28 [56%] and PT: 8 [66.7%]) when assessing and intervening. "Activity and participation" related assessment was focussed more by physiotherapists 4 (33.3%) than occupational therapists 15 (30%). Majority 44 (71.09%) of the therapists chose interventions that came under the ICF category: Activity and participation. While the percentage of therapists focussing on body structure and function and contextual factors interventions were 28 (45.02%) and 32 (52.27%), respectively. Attention, however, was mainly directed toward task-oriented activities such as activities of daily living and mobility 49 (79%). Participation in leisure or community-based activities received comparatively least attention 35 (56.5%). The environment received limited attention for assessments, although it was an important focus of intervention (environment modifications: 47 [75.8%]). OTs focused more on sensory components (U = 173.000, P = 0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.017 to 0.022, mdn = 1.00) and, PTs focused more on gait (U = 192.000, P = 0.046, 95% CI: 0.0.039 to 0.047, mdn = 2.00) and trunk impairment (U = 129.000, P = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.0.000 to 0.001, mdn = 1.00). Conclusion: While body functions and structure are well-addressed, other ICF elements, specifically participation, are poorly integrated into practice. The emerging focus on the environment in therapy intervention, by modifying the context rather than changing aspects of the child, is consistent with current approaches and evidence. Knowledge translation implementation initiatives are recommended to bridge identified gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational stress is a change in one's physical or mental state in response to workplace that pose an appraised challenge or threat to that employee and it is common to each and every organization at various levels of hierarchy. The healthcare professionals are no exception to this. Thus this study was done to determine the work related stress among healthcare professionals in Goa, India. Objective: To determine the occupational stress factors of healthcare professionals in Goa, using the questionnaire of Occupational stress index scale. Study Design: A cross sectional quantitative study design was chosen for the study. Methods: The nonprobability convenient sampling method was adopted to recruit the health care professionals practicing in Goa. Results: Healthcare professionals (n=40) practicing in Goa, aged above 20 years, both males and females were included in the study. According to the findings, 38% of participants were highly stressed, and 32% were moderately stressed. The factors significantly contributing to occupational stress were found to be role overload (mean=20.55), role conflict (mean=14.84), unreasonable group and political pressure (mean =13.67), strenuous working conditions (mean=13.2), under participation (mean =11.5) and role ambiguity (mean=11.4). Conclusion: The study concludes that the healthcare professionals in Goa, have significant work related stress and is mainly due to the the brain. Principal targets of this therapy are the motor thalamus (Vo & Vim) and the Globus Pallidus Interna (GPi), two areas of the brain involved in movement. RF procedures continue to play a role even in patients for whom DBS is the ideal surgery but is contraindicated or who would have difficulty maintaining the DBS device. This is also very cost-effective and in well selected cases, the results are excellent. role overload, role conflict, unreasonable group and political pressure, strenuous working conditions, under participation and role ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As aging is associated with lower quality of life (QOL), it is important to determine overall QOL and its related factors among older adults. Studies have shown that gender plays an essential role in the perception of health across cultures. As very few studies has been conducted on gender disparity in the elderly in India. Thus, the study was conducted to assess the differences in QOL and subjective happiness between male and female community-dwelling elderly. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the differences in QOL and subjective happiness between male and female community-dwelling elderly in India. Study Design: The study design involves a cross-sectional survey. Methods: The data were collected from community-dwelling elderly (>60 years of age) based on convenient sampling. QOL and subjective happiness were tested by World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL)-BREF and the Subjective Happiness Questionnaire. Informed consent was taken before administering the study-specific questionnaire via mail, telephone, or in person. Only completed questionnaires were used. Data hence collected were analyzed. Results: The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, whereas the differences between gender on QOL and happiness were computed using the t-test and Mann--Whitney test, respectively. Gender and educational qualification correlated with QOL measure WHOQOL (P = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.014, 0.527). Furthermore, a positive correlation (P = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.994, 0.998) was found between WHOQOL-BREF and the Subjective Happiness Questionnaire. For the overall QOL and general health section in WHOQOL-BREF, males scored a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 3.825 ± 0.71 and 3.275 ± 1.15, whereas females scored a mean ± SD of 3.875 ± 0.56 and 3.35 ± 1.21. For the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF except for domain 4 (t = 2.17; 95% CI: 26.13, 28.06), mean ± SD (27.10 ± 4.35), (P = 0.033), and Subjective Happiness questionnaire, the differences in the means of elderly males and females were nonsignificant on Mann--Whitney test. Conclusion: This study shows that gender-related factors influence specific areas of QOL, such as females scoring less in physical and psychological factors, whereas scoring better than males in social relationship and environment areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to, and participation in, occupation is necessary for human health and well-being. However, humans exist in a socio-political-cultural context, which has the potential to systemically and structurally impede occupational engagement. Within the Indian milieu, caste is one dimension of the socio-political context impacting people's occupational participation, depriving them of the choice for agency in their occupation. We begin with a brief history of the caste system in India, before considering the effects of caste on everyday occupation within the domains of education, media, and manual scavenging. Drawing on these examples, it is argued that caste creates a context that perpetuates occupational injustice. Taking learnings from the anti-racism movement, suggestions are offered for how occupational therapists and researchers might bear witness to and respond to caste in their work, both with clients and in their own lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relationship between quality of life (QOL) and occupational performance in post-retired employees needs research as there is limited research evidence. Objectives: To find out the physical, psychological, and social relationship, environment, and occupational performance for postretired employees and to find out how do they value their functions and their occupational performance. Study Design: This is a survey study Methods: The survey was conducted on individuals ofage group between 60 and75 years; both genders were included for this study; and this study was done in and around Coimbatore. A total number of 50 samples were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure Abbreviated Version (WHO-QOL-BREF) was used to measure the QOL, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered to identify the occupational performance problems, and thereby, performance' satisfaction scores are calculated. The correlation shows a positive correlation; this is significant at level 0.05. Here, on correlating BREF scale and COPM scale, only four components are correlated and the correlation is positive correlation Results: The correlation between the performance and social relationship showed a significant value (P < 0.05) and the correlation between performance and environment also showed a significant value (P < 0.033). The correlation between satisfaction and psychological (P < 0.042) and the correlation between satisfaction and social relationships also showed a significant value (P < 0.002). The results of this research support the idea that working after retirement affects the QOL with different mechanisms. Therefore, it concludes there is a correlation of QOL and occupational performance and result shows a positive correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a positive correlation between QOL and occupational performance. It also concluded that there is a positive correlation between social relationship and environment with performance as well as psychological components and social relationship with satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are believed to experience high levels of distress, including increased anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms, as compared to parents of healthy infants. Mothers nursing infant in the NICU experience stress due to the presence of various equipment and environment in the NICU. This stress also affects breastfeeding ability in nursing mothers. The purpose of occupational therapy intervention is to reduce stressful conditions and improve breastfeeding efficacy. Application of person-environment-occupation (PEO) model as a framework for illuminating the acquisition of parenting occupations in the NICU. The concept of PEO has enhanced the better outcome in the NICU intervention. The study evaluates the effect of PEO on parental stress level and breastfeeding efficacy in mothers of preterm infants. Objectives: (1) To describe the level and sources of stress experienced by the parents of infants admitted to an NICU, (2) to implement PEO model intervention for examining breastfeeding efficacy, (3) to implement PEO intervention model for preterm neonates. Study Design: This was an experimental, comparative, randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. The mothers fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study (sample size 52). They were assessed on Edinburg postpartum depression scale and parental stress scales, along with breastfeeding efficacy scale after 7 days of admission of their preterm neonates (gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks). They were allocated into control group and experimental group using lottery method. Control group received regular occupational therapy intervention, whereas experimental group received intervention based on the PEO model. Follow-up was taken after 15 days and at the time of discharge. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in breastfeeding efficacy and reducing stress and thus improved their self-confidence after the PEO intervention program than the control group. The difference on breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was remarkable. Conclusions: PEO model is efficacious to reduce anxiety and depression of mother of preterm neonate and also improves breastfeeding efficacy. When the PEO model is used, the improvement is faster and good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep and happiness play an important role in the functioning of a person. This study investigated the association between sleep and happiness among nurses and also studied if individual personality traits play a role. Objectives: To measure perceived stress, sleep, happiness and personality trait among nurses & To analyze the relationship between the sleep, happiness and personality trait. Study Design: A cross-sectional study design was chosen for the research. Methods: Thirty nursing staff (females, aged 22-53 years) were selected for the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used for screening stress. Those who scored low (0-13) on the PSS were included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained. Sleep quality, happiness, and personality traits were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Big Five Personality Test, respectively. Scores were analyzed using MedCalc Statistical Software. Results: The mean age of nursing staff with good sleep was 28 years and that with poor sleep was 36 years. It was found that 63% of nursing staff had poor sleep and 37% had good sleep. Among nursing staff with good sleep, 36% were unhappy and 64% were happy. Among nursing staff with poor sleep, 47.7% were unhappy and 52.6% were happy. The mean score for neuroticism was higher in patients with poor sleep (f-test, P = 0.003, 95% confidence interval: -7.96 to -1.76). Conclusions: Nursing staff with good sleep were happier compared to nurses with poor sleep though the difference was not significant. Sleep disturbances increased with age among nurses. The personality trait of neuroticism was higher in patients with poor sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of elderly adults are suffering from depression and can cause difficulty in their self-care, increased fatigue, loss of appetite, and lack of interest in daily roles and routines leading to decreased occupational performance. Many researches focus on exercise or aerobics through physical activities. Although exercise is associated with depression relief, the effects of mental aerobic training (MA) interventions on elderly depressed patients have not been clearly supported. This study will help in knowing the effect of MA s training on improving occupational performance in older adults with depression. Hence, this study has been initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of MA training as an intervention strategy to improve occupational performance in older adults with depression. Objectives: (1) To assess the level of depression among older adults, (2) To assess the occupational performance of older adults with depression, and (3) To compare the effect of MA training on depression and occupational performance. Study Design: The present study was done using quasi-experimental study. Methods: Screening tools: 1. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) 2. Model of human occupation Occupational Self-Assessment Scale. Subjects: Total number of 30 subjects were selected in the age group above 60 years and below 74 years. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling. Patients with depression scale between 8--18 using HAM-D (mild-to-moderate depression) Procedure: Control group was given recreational activities and MA training was scheduled and administered to the experimental group. The groups were given MA training weekly 3 sessions for 4 weeks. Each session lasted for 45 min to 1 h. Results: The results were obtained after the data were subjected to statistical analysis using parametric t-test (paired and unpaired t-test). Posttest showed a significant difference compared to the pretest values. Unpaired test was used to analyze the pretest scores of experimental and control groups. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (t = 3.5859, P < 0.05) between the posttest scores of the control and experimental groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the pretest and posttest scores for the control and experimental group. The results revealed that there was a statistically significance difference in occupational performance (Competence) t = 8.0233, P < 0.05 and occupational performance (Value) 't'=11.188291, P < 0.05 between the pretest and posttest scores of experimental groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that MA training was effective in improving the occupational performance of older adults with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm infant survival rates have been dramatically increasing for the past two decades due to specialized care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, the length of stay in the NICU for premature infants has extended to include treatment for medical complications associated with premature birth. The literature suggests that the mechanical environment of the NICU can be overwhelming for both the mother's and the infant's development (1). Hence, it might negatively influence caregiving and parent-infant interaction during the NICU stay. Parents' participation in the NICU is crucial during this critical period as it directly contributes to the infant's development. Occupational therapists working in the NICU usually support parents and infants to promote parent-child interaction, parental participation, and early intervention care in the NICU (2). However, very little is known about strategies to facilitate parent-infant interaction in the NICU. Aim: To map the existing literature pertaining to parent-infant interaction in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: In this scoping review, we are using Arksey and O'Malley's framework to carry out the study, along with Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines (3) for refinement. The recent Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis -- Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were used to guide the reporting. CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched from December 2012 to December 2022 to retrieve relevant articles based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) format, and the search strategies were based on the identified key terms. All relevant items were identified and uploaded to the Mendeley Software for duplicate removal. Then, all the items were exported to Rayyan Software for title and abstract screening. The articles included in the study were downloaded in full text, and data extraction was performed based on predefined data charting to analyze the data. Result: A descriptive analysis was conducted to summarize the studies. A total of 44 articles were included in this study. The study identified a total of nine strategies in NICUs to facilitate parent-infant interaction. These strategies include delivery room cuddles and early contact (n=3), skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo mother care) (n=15), non-skin-to-skin (blanket holding) (n=1), multi-sensory stimulation (n=4), communication and self-regulation (n=5), parental massage (n=4), music therapy (n=8), caregiving daily routine and active involvement (n=5), and environmental factors (n=2). Conclusion: The inclusion of various strategies to promote parent-infant interaction in NICU care would enhance the overall health and well-being of infants and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide as we enter the new millennium. The World Health Organization has commented, there is "an apparent epidemic of diabetes which is strongly related to lifestyle and economic change". The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. Over the course of living with diabetes, more than 70% of patients will suffer a heart attack or stroke, 5% experience blindness in one or both eyes, 10% experience amputation of a toe or worse, and 5% must cope with end-stage renal disease. Diabetes is a chronic progressive condition presenting physical, social, and psychological challenges that increase the risk of comorbid mental health problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders and may potentially improve glycemic control and psychological outcomes in diabetes The other major complications of diabetes are increasing risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and poor quality of life. The combination of CBT and supportive diabetes education is an effective nonpharmacologic treatment for major depression in patients with diabetes 2 diabetes. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention in the reduction of depression among diabetic adults. Study Design: Quasi-experimental design was used for the research. Methods: A total of 60 diabetic type 2 patients (both male and females, aged 40--60 years) were identified in Dr. Jeyasekharan Multispecialty Hospital, Department of Occupational Therapy, outpatient services, using purposive convenience sampling research design and allocated 30 patients into an experimental group (intervention), 30 patients into control group (no intervention). The pre/postevaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress levels of both groups was done through DASS21, the experimental group was received CBT and supportive diabetes education for 3 months of the intervention period. Patients in the control group did not receive any occupational therapy intervention and the postevaluation was done. Results: Patients analyzed in the experimental group were n = 30 and the control group were n = 30. Preevaluation shows there is no significant differences were found in the unpaired t-test mean score ± 4SD for the experimental vs. control group as 32 ± 1.396 vs. 36 ± 1.389 (P = 4.27), 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.604--33.396), however, the postevaluation of the experimental group showed significant differences after CBT. The differences in the two groups were significant in unpaired "t" test mean score ± 3SD for the experimental group versus control as 15 ± 1.159 vs. 37 ± 1.159 (P < 0.05), 95% CI: 13.841--16.159). The result shows that there were significant differences among both groups and reductions of depression among the experimental groups revealed. No adverse reactions to therapy were observed. Conclusion: CBT is beneficial in reducing depression in adults with diabetes. It may have enhanced for improving glycemic control and other aspects of psychological well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]