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Vitamin D has been shown to regulate musculoskeletal health by mediating calcium absorption and mineral homeostasis. Studies have shown an association between alveolar bone density, osteoporosis, and tooth loss suggesting that low bone mass may be a risk factor for periodontal disease. An emerging hypothesis is that Vitamin D may be beneficial for oral health, not only because of its direct effect on bone metabolism but also due to its ability to function as an anti-inflammatory agent stimulating the production of antimicrobial peptides, thereby protecting the periodontium. Several recent reports demonstrate a significant association between periodontal health and the intake of Vitamin D. This review discusses the pharmacology behind Vitamin D supplementation, current literature concerning Vitamin D supplementation, and various supplementation options in the treatment of periodontal disease.