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Furtherance of sex pre-selection techniques is extremely beneficial for the farm productivity and economic growth of the country. Several techniques such as flow cytometry, swim-up, percoll gradient centrifugation, lumisort and immunogenic spermatozoa sexing developed so far are reviewed with their principles, advantages, disadvantages and possible ways for developing a highly reliable and efficient technique to achieve success in obtaining offspring of the desired sex. Out of all these techniques available till now, sorting X- and Y- spermatozoa using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) is the most successful and commercially available technique, which employs sorting of spermatozoa based on DNA content. Despite its effectiveness, there are disadvantages concerning cost, sperm damage, trained technical person, low conception rate, etc. An alternative approach that might have potential significance could be the identification of sex-specific membrane marker proteins for the immunological method of spermatozoa sorting.

Assam Hill goat (AHG) is an important goat germplasm found in Assam and its adjoining areas of India. The study was designed with an objective to study the semen characteristics and freezability of AHG buck semen using Tris -Egg yolk-Citrate-Fructose diluent. The mean values of fresh semen characteristics in AHG bucks viz., ejaculate volume (ml), initial sperm motility (%), sperm concentration (x106/ml), live sperm (%), sperm abnormality (%), HOST-reacted sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) recorded were 0.39 ± 0.01, 77.97 ± 0.73, 3201.00 ± 143.78, 83.02 ± 0.65, 7.66 ± 0.73, 66.95 ± 0.74 and 93.34 ± 0.51, respectively. Mean values for post-thaw semen characteristics i.e., sperm motility (%), live sperm (%), HOST-reacted sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) were 55.39 ± 0.97, 71.01 ± 0.78, 54.77 ± 0.55 and 82.16 ± 0.43, respectively. It can be concluded that AHG bucks donate acceptable quality of semen which can be frozen successfully in Tris-Egg yolk-Citrate-Fructose diluents for using in Artificial Insemination.