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This document provides information about a clinical trial for a drug called AZD0486. The trial aims to assess the safety and efficacy of AZD0486 as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents in participants with mature B-cell malignancies. The trial will include three substudies focusing on different populations with specific types of lymphoma. The trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of AZD0486 through various outcome measures. The document also provides a list of keywords related to medical research and discoveries, serving as a resource for library patrons conducting research on these topics. The document is provided by AstraZeneca and was verified in August 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Dalian Medical University explores the role of extracellular vesicle-bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its resistance to bevacizumab therapy. The study found that VEGF gene expresses diverse isoforms, some of which are associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EV-bound VEGF isoforms contribute to resistance to bevacizumab, a specific VEGF antibody. The researchers suggest that antagonists targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) could potentially overcome this resistance and serve as an alternative therapy for OSCC. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center examined the use of niraparib monotherapy as a first-line maintenance treatment for ovarian cancer patients. The study aimed to describe patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients receiving this treatment following combination chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. The study found that switch maintenance with niraparib monotherapy may be a viable treatment option for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The research provides valuable insights into the real-world use of this therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust in the United Kingdom explored the use of rituximab and pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM). The study involved 17 patients who had previously received treatment and showed promising results. The overall response rate was 50%, with a median duration of response of 11.6 months. The treatment was well-tolerated, and the study concluded that the combination of rituximab and pembrolizumab is safe and effective in WM patients. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatment options for WM. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University Eye Clinic in Heidelberg, Germany, examined the in vitro pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab, an antineoplastic monoclonal antibody, in silicone oil-filled eyes compared to hydrogel replacements and the porcine vitreous body. The study found significant differences in bevacizumab partitioning across different endotamponades, with the highest accumulation in the porcine vitreous body. The researchers concluded that the type of endotamponade used heavily influenced the concentration of bevacizumab in the aqueous phase, highlighting the need for further in vivo studies to explore these interactions before clinical application. This study provides valuable insights into the use of bevacizumab in retinal surgery and its interaction with different materials. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, investigated the efficacy of adding oxaliplatin (OX) to fluoropyrimidine (FP) plus bevacizumab (BEV) as initial therapy for older patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). The study, which involved 251 patients, found that there was no significant benefit in adding OX to FP + BEV as a first-line treatment for this population. The researchers recommend FP + BEV as the standard regimen for older patients with MCRC. The study's findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Al-Quds University explores the case of a 33-year-old male patient with polymyositis, a condition characterized by muscle inflammation and weakness. The patient experienced complications of dysphagia and dysphonia, which were unresponsive to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. However, treatment with rituximab resulted in significant improvement in dysphagia, dysphonia, and muscle strength within three days. The study highlights the potential effectiveness of rituximab in refractory cases of polymyositis, where glucocorticoids alone are inadequate. Further research is needed to explore alternative treatments for polymyositis. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Fudan University explored the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study involved a combination treatment regimen of tislelizumab, cetuximab, and irinotecan in 33 patients who had previously undergone two lines of therapy. The primary endpoint of the study, a confirmed objective response rate of 33%, was met. The secondary endpoints included a disease control rate of 79% and median progression-free survival and overall survival of 7.3 and 17.4 months, respectively. The study demonstrated the antitumor activity of the combination treatment with a tolerable safety profile in previously treated MSS and RAS wild-type mCRC. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California, has found that adding venetoclax to the combination of lenalidomide and rituximab is safe and effective in patients with untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The study enrolled 28 patients with untreated MCL and found that the overall response rate was 96% and the complete response rate was 86%. Additionally, 86% of patients achieved minimal residual disease undetectability. The combination of lenalidomide, rituximab, and venetoclax was well-tolerated, with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia being the most common adverse events. The study concluded that this regimen is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with untreated MCL. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Amsterdam University Medical Centers explored the immune changes in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) following treatment with venetoclax plus rituximab. The researchers found that immune dysregulation is a characteristic feature of CLL, and combining anti-CD20 antibodies with venetoclax can effectively treat the disease. However, the use of anti-CD20 antibodies may increase the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia, while the effects of venetoclax on immune dysregulation are still uncertain. The study observed immune recovery and stabilization of immunoglobulin levels after treatment with venetoclax plus rituximab, and the infection rates during and after treatment were generally low. These findings suggest that this combination therapy is well-tolerated and effective for CLL patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital examined the effectiveness of different treatment combinations for patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study found that while the triplet combination of encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab had a higher response rate compared to the doublet combination of encorafenib plus cetuximab, there were no significant survival benefits observed with the triplet combination. The BAYONET trial, a phase II trial, is evaluating the efficacy and safety of the staged combination with encorafenib, binimetinib, plus cetuximab for patients with refractory BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC. The primary endpoint of the trial is the 12-week progression-free survival rate, and additional analysis will be conducted to investigate potential mechanisms of resistance. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland explores the potential of using rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, to enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in cancer immunotherapy. The researchers analyzed the gene expression profile of NK cells involved in the cytolytic response stimulated by rituximab. They found that certain genes, such as KIT and TNFSF4, were strongly down-regulated in the degranulating population of NK cells, which are associated with enhanced cytotoxicity. The study suggests that inhibiting these genes could potentially enhance the anti-tumor activity of NK cells in response to rituximab. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, explored the cost savings of combining dose rounding strategies (DRS) with the use of biosimilar products in oncology care. The study analyzed electronic health record data from two health systems in Rhode Island and found that combining DRS with biosimilar substitution for certain drugs resulted in significant cost savings per dose. The researchers recommend implementing this approach in healthcare systems to mitigate the rising costs of cancer care. The study was supported by the NIH National Institute on Aging. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Toronto examined the real-world outcomes of atezolizumab with bevacizumab (A+B) treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer. The study found that A+B was the first-line therapy for 90% of patients, with a median overall survival of 20.3 months and progression-free survival of 9.6 months. The researchers also investigated the necessity of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) within 6 months of treatment initiation to prevent bleeding from esophagogastric varices. They found that there was no survival difference between patients with bleeding and those without, suggesting that a selective EGD approach may be appropriate. Overall, the outcomes for HCC patients treated with A+B in Canada were comparable to those observed in the IMbrave150 trial. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, explored the use of bevacizumab in reducing cerebral radiation necrosis (RN) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases. Cerebral RN is a severe complication of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) that can decrease patient survival time and quality of life. The study found that the application of bevacizumab concurrent with SRT may prevent or reduce the occurrence of cerebral RN in NSCLC patients. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the bevacizumab group and the control group. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06557096, which aims to investigate the effectiveness of combining EGFR-TKIs and bevacizumab for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The trial will enroll 100 participants and is not yet recruiting. The primary completion date for data collection is June 1, 2027. The eligibility criteria include being between 18 and 75 years old, having a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, and having certain genetic mutations. The trial will investigate the effectiveness of osimertinib as a first-line treatment. The document also mentions the contact person for the trial, Huang Long, MD. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial for the treatment of recurrent or progressive glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor. The trial involves the use of a drug called pembrolizumab and a medical device called Optune GIO(R). The trial is not yet recruiting participants, and the estimated completion date is October 2029. The eligibility criteria for participants are outlined, including age, tumor diagnosis, and various health factors. The trial is being conducted by the University of Florida, and the principal investigator is Dr. Ashley Ghiaseddin. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital in Taiwan explored the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver oxaliplatin to colorectal cancer cells that express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+). The researchers successfully produced EVs with membranes expressing cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets EGFR. These EVs were able to specifically accumulate in EGFR+ cells and enhance the cytotoxic effects of oxaliplatin. The study suggests that EVs with membrane-expressed bioactive molecules could be a promising strategy for delivering therapeutic agents to EGFR+ colorectal cancer cells. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Manchester Institute of Nephrology and Transplantation in the United Kingdom investigated the effectiveness of rituximab in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and poor kidney function or active disease despite previous immunosuppression. The study found that rituximab significantly reduced the rate of decline in kidney function in patients with active MN, including those who had received prior immunosuppression or had poor baseline kidney function. The treatment was well-tolerated, with high patient and kidney survival rates. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of rituximab for patients with MN. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, examined the clinical outcomes of patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas who received a combination therapy of rituximab and bendamustine (R-Benda). The study included 118 patients, the majority of whom were elderly males. The results showed that 73% of patients experienced a complete metabolic response to the treatment, with 31.4% subsequently experiencing a relapse. The median overall survival was 140 months, and the median progression-free survival was 80 months. The study suggests that R-Benda treatment may have better outcomes in real-world settings compared to earlier randomized-control trials. [Extracted from the article]

The US biosimilar market is projected to reach $71.04 billion by 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 40.16% from 2024 to 2028. Factors contributing to market growth include the increasing prevalence of cancer, a growing geriatric population, and a favorable environment. However, the market may face challenges due to manufacturing complexities, intense competition, and pricing complexities. Monoclonal antibodies currently hold the largest share of the US biosimilar market, followed by filgrastim & pegfilgrastim. The report also provides insights into specific biosimilar products and their market landscape, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the industry. [Extracted from the article]

A case report and literature review from Geneva University Hospitals discusses the use of caplacizumab as an add-on therapy in a 7-year-old girl with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). iTTP is typically treated with therapeutic plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and rituximab, but the use of caplacizumab in children under 12 years old is not well-established. In this case, the patient showed a positive response to caplacizumab, with an increase in platelet count and a complete recovery. The study suggests that further research is needed to support the use of caplacizumab in this age group. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Jinan in Guangzhou, China, explores the issue of resistance to targeted therapy in cancer treatment, specifically resistance to trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer. The researchers aimed to identify protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that affect trastuzumab resistance and develop a counteracting strategy. They found that PTPRO is a key PTP that influences trastuzumab responsiveness and patient survival. The researchers also discovered that small activating RNA (saRNA) loaded nanoparticles effectively upregulated PTPRO, inhibiting multiple oncogenic pathways associated with drug resistance. This study suggests that antibody-conjugated saRNA could be an innovative approach for targeting "undruggable" PTPs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) explored the effects of different prophylaxis treatments on chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The study found that patients who received alemtuzumab and cyclosporine had a lower incidence of severe cGVHD compared to those who received tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus. However, the alemtuzumab-based regimen was associated with higher rates of infections and relapse, resulting in no significant difference in long-term survival. The study suggests that the alemtuzumab-based regimen may reduce the incidence and severity of cGVHD but does not provide a survival benefit. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center explored the adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The researchers reported a case of severe febrile neutropenia and pancytopenia in a patient who received atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy. The patient experienced symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, chills, pain, fatigue, and a rash. The study highlights the importance of considering hematological immune-related adverse events (hem-irAEs) in patients undergoing ICIs treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of New Mexico School of Medicine discusses the treatment of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) with mycophenolate mofetil. wAIHA is a disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, and it is typically treated with corticosteroids, rituximab, and/or splenectomy. However, in refractory cases, third-line therapies such as mycophenolate mofetil may be used. The report describes three cases in which mycophenolate mofetil was successfully used to treat refractory wAIHA, leading to stable hemoglobin levels and remission. The authors emphasize the importance of balancing available treatments to reduce complications and highlight the potential effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in complex cases of wAIHA. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Juntendo University in Chiba, Japan have developed a new method for synthesizing neopentyl At-211-labeled cetuximab, an antineoplastic monoclonal antibody. The researchers used a neopentyl sulfonate with long alkyl chains as a lipid tag to create an activated ester, which was then hydrolyzed to produce the labeled cetuximab. They also developed a Resin-Assisted Purification and Deprotection (RAPD) protocol to purify the labeled compound. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that the labeled cetuximab had low levels of radioactivity in the thyroid and stomach. This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI). [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China focused on the treatment of hemophagocytic intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The researchers found that the current chemotherapy regimen, R-CHOP, has shown significant improvement in survival rates but has unsatisfactory prognosis and outcomes. The study explored new therapeutic strategies, specifically targeting the BCR/TLR/IL-1R/NF-kB signaling pathway in IVLBCL. The researchers treated a patient with IVLBCL CNS involvement using a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) to block the NF-kB pathway and found that the second-generation BTKi zanubrutinib-based treatment was effective. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, explored the use of ibrutinib as part of risk-stratified therapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). PTLD is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation, and current treatment involves a sequential, risk-stratified approach. The study found that while ibrutinib did not meet the threshold for clinically significant activity in treating PTLD, the goal of future research is to increase the proportion of patients who can be treated without cytotoxic chemotherapy. The study was supported by Blood Cancer UK, Janssen Biotech Inc, and Cancer Research UK. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center explored the safety and activity of combining lenalidomide and obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The researchers found that this combination therapy was safe and highly effective, leading to prolonged remission duration. However, the study was limited by the lack of a control arm, so further randomized trials comparing this regimen to other treatments are needed. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatment options for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study, TROG99.03, examined the role of adjuvant rituximab and translational studies in early-stage follicular lymphoma (ESFL). The study found that patients who received involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) plus rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (IFRT+R-CVP) had superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those who received IFRT alone. Additionally, elevated intratumoural CD8 expression was independently associated with improved PFS. These findings suggest that adjuvant rituximab and elevated CD8 expression may contribute to sustained disease control after radiotherapy in ESFL. The study was funded by various organizations including the Cancer Council Victoria and the National Health and Medical Research Council. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06551272, that is investigating the use of a drug called EXL01 in combination with atezolizumab-bevacizumab for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer. The trial aims to include patients who are refractory to first-line treatment and test the addition of EXL01 to reverse resistance to immunotherapy. Previous studies have shown that patients with a baseline gut microbiota enriched with Faecalibacterium had better clinical outcomes. The trial is not yet recruiting participants and will take place in France. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health examines the impact of step therapy on macular degeneration drug prescribing patterns in Medicare Advantage (MA) insurers. Step therapy is an approach to lowering drug spending by requiring patients to try less expensive drugs before accessing more expensive ones. The study found that the implementation of step therapy was associated with a greater probability of prescribing the plan-preferred drug for the first administration. However, step therapy alone did not transition all administrations to the plan-preferred drug. The study did not find a statistically significant increase in the rate of medication switching within a treatment episode. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute has found that a combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, trastuzumab, and bevacizumab shows promising results in the treatment of HER2+ gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The study included 36 patients and achieved an objective response rate of 81%, with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 14.0 and 23.2 months, respectively. The treatment was well-tolerated and did not result in severe toxicities. The researchers also found that baseline ctDNA features were prognostic, and ctDNA analysis could identify oncogenic mutations prior to radiographic progression. The study suggests that further investigation into the combination of VEGF inhibitors with chemoimmunotherapy and anti-PD1 regimens is warranted. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center examined the real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who had received immune-oncology (IO) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies. The study analyzed data from The US Oncology Network and included 820 patients. The most common treatments in the post-IO and TKI settings were cabozantinib, everolimus plus lenvatinib, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and axitinib. The study found that TKI-based treatments, with or without IO, were associated with improved survival. However, the researchers noted that there is a need for novel treatments in this patient population. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Fudan University in Shanghai, China have reported new findings on the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a specific mutation. The study focused on patients with the EGFR p.C797S mutation, which causes resistance to certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The researchers found that a combination of brigatinib and cetuximab showed promise in extending the overall survival of critically ill patients with NSCLC and this specific mutation. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on colon cancer from the phase III Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/SWOG 80405 trial. The study found that there was no difference in overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy with either bevacizumab or cetuximab. However, the study also investigated the potential prognostic and predictive value of HER2 amplification and gene expression using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and NanoString data. The results showed that high HER2 expression was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and OS, independent of treatment. The study suggests that HER2 tumor expression may inform treatment selection for patients with low HER2 favoring bevacizumab- versus cetuximab-based therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Uppsala University in Sweden has explored the use of a novel therapeutic Affibody molecule, labeled with Lu-177, for the treatment of HER2-expressing tumors. The study found that the labeled molecule demonstrated favorable biodistribution and strong antitumor effects in preclinical studies. Additionally, when used in combination with trastuzumab, the molecule increased the number of complete tumor remissions. The research suggests that this novel construct has potential for clinical translation and may offer improved therapeutic options for patients with HER2-positive tumors. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University Libre de Bruxelles have conducted a study on the combination of selinexor, rituximab, and platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. The study enrolled 39 patients, most of whom had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The recommended phase 2 dose of selinexor in combination with rituximab and chemotherapy was established at 40 mg. The study found that this regimen was feasible for outpatients and had a generally acceptable safety profile. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital evaluated the efficacy and safety of sorafenib and lenvatinib as second-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after failure of first-line atezolizumab-bevacizumab therapy. The study included seven studies involving 387 patients and found that both sorafenib and lenvatinib provided effective treatment with manageable toxicity in patients with advanced HCC. The pooled objective response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, and progression-free survival were comparable between the two medications. This research provides valuable insights for clinicians and patients in selecting second-line treatments for advanced HCC. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo examined the efficacy of intra-arterial carboplatin and bevacizumab delivery for the treatment of glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor. The study used a rat glioma model and found that the treatment resulted in varying degrees of tumor suppression. The researchers used MRI and histology to assess tumor response and identified distinct radiomic profiles in treatment responders. This study validates the use of the endovascular C6 glioma model for evaluating new intra-arterial therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge Department of Medicine examined the use of rituximab in the treatment of microscopic polyangiitis, a type of vasculitis. The study compared the incidence of safety events and the time to first serious adverse event (SAE) between a group of patients treated with rituximab and a control group treated with non-rituximab therapies. The results showed that while the rituximab group had a shorter time to first SAE and a higher risk of infection, the differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups necessitate a careful interpretation of these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at China Medical University and Hospital in Taichung, Taiwan, investigated the biometric and refractive outcomes in patients with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of ranibizumab (R) and bevacizumab (B) at the age of 6. The study included 60 eyes from 34 patients, with 34 eyes receiving B and 26 eyes receiving R injections. The results showed that at the age of 6, the eyes treated with IVI of R had deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD) and thinner lens thickness (LT) compared to the eyes treated with B. The refractive errors did not differ significantly between the two groups at this age. The study also found that the incidence of high myopia was similar between the two groups at the age of 6, which was different from the outcomes observed at younger ages. This research provides valuable insights into the long-term outcomes of intravitreal injection in type 1 ROP. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Xining, China, explored the effects of combining a PD-1 inhibitor with a bevacizumab monoclonal antibody on tumor immune cells in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The experimental group, consisting of 60 patients, received the combination treatment, while the control group, consisting of 50 patients, received a different regimen. The study found that the experimental group showed significant differences in the expression levels of certain immune cells before and after treatment, as well as better therapeutic effects and treatment responses compared to the control group. The study concluded that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with bevacizumab improved the prognosis of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and had manageable adverse drug reactions. [Extracted from the article]