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Background Representing the first line of host defense against virus infections and an essential link between innate and adaptive immune response, the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) patients and association with disease activity were still not established. Materials and Methods In our present study, 28 JORRP patients and 28 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. The percentage, phenotype and cytokine secretion of DC and was measured by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found that the percentage of myeloid DC (mDC) was significantly lower in JORRP patients compared to healthy controls and was negatively correlated with interval times, but not surgical times or disease onset. Moreover, the activation marker, CD40 and CD86 was significantly up-regulated on the surfaces of mDC in JORRP patients compared with healthy controls. Neither the percentage nor activation of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) showed statistical difference between JORRP patients and healthy controls. HLA-DR expression on both mDC and pDC was down-regulated in JORRP group and negatively correlated with surgical times. Antigen presenting ability of DC was greatly impaired in JORRP patients of higher number of operations and shorter interval time. Plasma IL-10 as well as IL-10 secreted by mDC was higher in JORRP patients compared with healthy control. Finally, we detected an up-regulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression on mDCs and TLR4 expression was positively correlated with HLA-DR expression on mDC of JORRP patients. Conclusion Our results demonstrate an abnormal TLR2 and TLR4 expression in mDCs may contribute to suppressive immune response to HPV6 or HPV11 infection and associated with disease activity in JORRP patients.

Defects in the adaptive immune response to human papillomavirus-6 and -11 are among the most important mechanisms for Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JORRP) development. However, the percentage of CD8+ T cells and peripheral TH1/TH2 immune responses in Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis is still not well addressed due to limited sample sizes.Twenty-three patients who were diagnosed with JORRP and underwent surgical intervention at the Beijing TongRen Hospital from October 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled in our study. The CD8We found that the proportions of CD4We conclude that only T