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Introduction: This study was designed to explore the association between the TMEM173 polymorphism (rs7447927) and the severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection among Chinese children. Methods: The TMEM173 polymorphism was identified in EV71‐infected patients (n = 497) and healthy controls (n = 535) using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR). The interferon‐α (IFN‐α) serum levels were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The frequencies of the GG genotype and G allele of TMEM173 rs7447927 in the mild EV71 infection and severe EV71 infection groups were markedly higher than those in the control group. The GG genotype and G allele frequencies in severely infected EV71 patients were significantly higher than those in mildly infected EV71 patients. Severely infected EV71 patients with the GG genotype had higher white blood cell counts (WBC), and C‐reactive proteins (CRP), and blood glucose (BG) levels, longer fever duration, higher vomiting frequency, spirit changes, and electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities. IFN‐α serum concentration in severely infected patients was significantly higher than in the mildly infected group. The IFN‐α concentration in the GG genotype was significantly higher compared with those in the GC and CC genotypes in severe cases. Conclusions: The TMEM173 rs7447927 polymorphism was associated with EV71 infection susceptibility and severity. The G allele and GG genotype are susceptibility factors in the development of severe EV71 infection in Chinese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the association between the IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 and the severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Chinese children. Methods: We analyzed the IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 in 617 EV71‐infected patients and 410 controls using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction. IRAK4 mRNA expression was tested by qRT‐PCR. Serum concentrations of IL‐6 and NF‐κB were detected using ELISA. Results: The frequencies of the GA + AA genotype and A allele in the mild EV71 infection group and in the severe EV71 infection group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group. The frequency of the GA + AA genotype and A allele in severely infected EV71 patients was markedly higher than that in mildly infected EV71 patients. IRAK4 mRNA expression in mildly infected EV71 patients and severely infected patients was significantly higher than that in the control group. IRAK4 mRNA expression in GA + AA genotypes in both mild and severe EV71 infection groups was significantly higher than that in patients with the GG genotype. IL‐6 concentration and the ratio of IL‐6/NF‐κB in severe EV71 cases were significantly lower in patients with the GA + AA genotype than in those with the GG genotype. The ratio of IL‐6/NF‐κB was distinctly higher in severely infected EV71 patients than in mildly infected and control subjects. Conclusions: The IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 was associated with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection. The A allele is a susceptible factor in the development of severe EV71 infection in Chinese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]