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Although the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been maintained in captivity in biomedical research settings for decades, interest and use of the species as an animal model for a diverse array of purposes has increased in the 21st century. Unfortunately, the development of validated animal care standards such as nutrition, husbandry, and clinical care has not expanded with the same rapidity as the use of the species in research. The goal of this themed issue of the ILAR Journal is to review current literature relevant to topics that impact marmoset health, welfare, and use in research. As the population of captive marmosets increases worldwide, the editors urge scientists, veterinary clinicians, and colony managers to continue conducting and publishing robust studies to develop evidence-based standards related to marmoset care and use. The editors also encourage IACUCs and other institutional review bodies to seek training on topics relevant to marmoset welfare and develop related policies prior to acquiring animals as a novel species.