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In this study; human capital, innovation and economic growth for Turkey's economy were investigated by time series analysis methods using the 1995-2018 period annual data. Real GDP per capita representing economic growth was taken as a dependent variable, domestic patent registration numbers representing innovation from independent variables, and students graduating from higher education representing the human capital variable. Besides, variables of labor and capital investments, which are considered as indicators of growth, are also included in the model. Extended Dickey-Fuller and Phillips- Perron unit root tests in determining the stability of variables, Johansen cointegration analysis in determining long term relationship, the existence of a cointegration relationship between variables, were used. Granger causality analysis was used to determine the causality relationship. As a result of the analyzes applied to the model, it was determined that there is a cointegration relationship between the variables. It has been observed that human capital and innovation have no effect on economic growth in the short term, but they have a positive effect in the long term, and capital investments and workforce affect economic growth both in the short and long term. As a result of the Granger causality analysis, bidirectional causality relationships between capital investments and economic growth, from the workforce to economic growth, from the workforce to capital investments, from human capital to innovation, were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Islamic banking contracts on the business environment in Iran. In order to collect data and information about the variables in the model, Iranian Central Bank and World Bank website were used in this study. The Auto Regression Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was used to estimate the model between 1999-2017. According to the research findings, Qardhul Hasan contracts, Exchange contracts and partnership contracts have positive and significant impact on business environment in both short and long term. In addition, the Human Development Index and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have a positive impact on business environment in both short-term and long-term. The negative impact of inflation has been determined in the short and long term business environment in the country. Based on the estimation of the Error Correction Model (ECM), the short-term imbalances of the dependent variable decrease by 54% and move towards long-term equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policies based on endogenous growth theories areparticularly important for achieving national growth targets. Both physical capital and human capital have an influence on growth . Thus, factors affecting human capita willl indirectly contribute to the growth trend of countries. Although there are many factors that affect human capital, high levels of literacy and health are important because of their positive effects on labor. In this study, the effects of health spending and education spending on economic growth of Turkey for the period 1998:1-2016:1 are analyzed. According to the results of the study, while education spending has no significant effect on economic growth in the long-run, an increase in health spending has a positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]