Search

As the number of antennas increases, the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system can precisely point to user equipments (UEs) with narrow beams. Accurate and timely channel state information (CSI) feedback is crucial to keep UEs in service. Mobile UEs, however, may suffer from the narrow beam nature of the massive MIMO system since UEs can move out of the beam coverage. When intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is applied to the massive MIMO system, the adjustment of the IRS cannot be frequent as the IRS is controlled remotely by the base station (BS). Limiting the number of CSI feedback and the number of both BS and IRS adjustments significantly reduces the overhead of transmission and computation to the system. In this paper, we consider the UEs’ mobility adaptation problem in an IRS assisted multiuser massive MIMO downlink system with infrequent CSI feedback. We propose a beam control method that adapts to UEs’ mobility. The problem is constructed as a sum rate problem where both the BS and IRS are taken into account to jointly optimize the beamforming matrices. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can converge quickly and provide satisfactory performance for mobile UEs. At the same time, our proposed algorithm reduces the frequency of updating the beamforming matrices effectively both at the BS and at the IRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter wave (mmWave) has been widely considered as a promising technology in the next generation wireless communication systems. Various beam-based directional transmission techniques have been proposed to compensate high pathloss caused by mmWave properties. However, mobility effect of users potentially causes severe inter-beam interferences, which has not been fully-investigated in existing studies. In this paper, we have analyzed different types of mobility-aware beam interference models. Additionally, the theoretical SINR is derived based on channel statistics and the trajectories of users. We propose a mobility-aware subband and beam resource allocation (MSBA) scheme for the mmWave subband-beam massive multi-input multi-output (SB-MMIMO) systems. The proposed MSBA benefits from reduced computation complexity for maximizing system throughput constrained by quality-of-service (QoS) demands of users. The first phase of MSBA scheme is responsible for resource block assignment; while the second phase allocates beamwidth and beam directions according to the analytical derivations. Numerical results show that the proposed MSBA scheme can effectively achieve the highest system throughput and the lowest complexity compared to existing schemes in open literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical layer security has drawn significant attention in recent years because of its advancement in preventing confidential information leakage to eavesdroppers. In this paper, we focus on secure beamformer designs in multiuser multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) systems with a multi-antenna eavesdropper attempting to overhear the confidential information of a particular user. Unlike the existing work, we aim to exploit the inherent multi-user interference to disrupt the reception of the eavesdropper and enhance the security of wireless communications. Particularly, utilizing practical signal-to-interference-noise metrics, the objective of the secure beamformer design is to minimize the eavesdropper's SINR, while providing legitimate users with required prespecified SINRs to guarantee the qualify of service. We propose secure beamformer designs for both downlink and uplink transmissions, under the conditions of known and unknown eavesdropper's channels, respectively. With the proposed secure beamformers, the multiuser signal behaves like the artificial noise or distributed friendly jamming, which can further degrade the reception of the eavesdropper. Extensive simulation studies confirm our analytical performance predictions and illustrate the advantages of proposed beamformer designs for secure MU-MIMO transmissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-stage beamforming is a transmit strategy that uses two types of beamformers to reduce the feedback overhead of frequency-division-duplexing massive multiple-input multiple-output systems that are spatially correlated. In this paper, we present large system analysis of two-stage beamforming when a transmitter has limited channel information from feedback and when regularized-zero-forcing (RZF) is used as a second-stage beamformer. We consider two random-vector-quantization-based feedback schemes that can be respectively applied when users have perfect channel information or perfect effective channel information. For each feedback method, we analyze both expected signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and expected rate loss and then characterize their bounds as a function of the number of feedback bits. From the characterization, we reveal that the sum rate of two-stage beamforming is very sensitive to the regularization parameter of RZF, especially when the number of feedback bits is limited. Motivated by this, we derive the optimal regularization parameter that maximizes the SINR of two-stage beamforming with limited feedback. Using simulations, we verify the tightness of the characterized bounds and quantify how the use of the optimal regularization parameter improves the sum rate of two-stage beamforming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the performance of multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) downlink in the presence of the mutual coupling effect at the transmitter. Contrary to traditional approaches that aim at eliminating this effect, in this paper we propose a joint analog–digital (AD) beamforming scheme that exploits this effect to further improve the system performance. A jointly optimal AD beamformer is first obtained by iteratively maximizing the minimum received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in the digital domain, followed by an optimization on the load impedance of each antenna element in the analog domain. We further introduce a decoupled low-complexity approach, with which existing closed-form beamforming schemes can also be efficiently applied. For the consideration of hardware imperfections in practice, we study the case where the analog load values are quantized, and propose a sequential search scheme based on greedy algorithm to efficiently obtain the desired quantized load values. Moreover, we also investigate the imperfect channel state information (CSI) scenarios, where we prove the optimality for closed-form beamformers, and further propose the robust schemes for two typical CSI error models. Simulation results show that with the proposed schemes the mutual coupling effect can be exploited to further improve the performance for both perfect CSI and imperfect CSI. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Multicell coordinated beamforming (CB) can mitigate intercell interference (ICI). However, existing work on CB focuses on systems that maximize overall throughput. This paper considers CB for systems with multiple receive antennas and further extends the CB to multiuser and multistream transmission. We consider fairness and pay close attention to cell-edge users. CB that maximizes the harmonic sum of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) can be derived into a low-complexity algorithm that favors cell-edge users. Two iterative algorithms are developed. From the simulation results, the proposed algorithms can provide a better fifth-percentile user throughput compared with the CB algorithms minimizing mean square error, maximizing uplink SINR, and maximizing weighted sum rate. Furthermore, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is significantly lower than that maximizing the minimum SINR of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system implies the use of a large number of base station (BS) antennas to serve a relatively small number of user terminals (UTs) for extraordinary spectral efficiency. However, its performance is limited by pilot contamination due to unavoidable reuse of pilot sequences from UTs in different cells. In this paper, we analyze the performance of massive MIMO zero-forcing (ZF) systems using the time-shifted pilot scheme, which was known to combat pilot contamination effectively using conjugate beamforming if there is a very large number of antennas. We derive expressions for achievable sum rates and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) of forward and reverse links if the number of BS antennas is finite. Then, the impact of system parameters, such as cell radius, transmit power, group number (a parameter related to the time-shifted pilot scheme), BS antenna number, etc., on the system performance are revealed. Our model embraces a series of previous works as special cases. Moreover, we compare the performance of conjugate and ZF precoders, from which a simple but effective large-scale fading-based UT scheduling scheme is proposed to enhance the system throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we consider unicast/multicast multicell cooperative transmission with interference among users/user groups. In this context, we derive the optimal minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR)-based successive minimum variance beamforming (SMVB) scheme that achieves a superior sum-rate performance compared with the block diagonalization scheme. Subsequently, we derive an optimal joint power allocation and broadcast beamforming scheme for multicell cooperative broadcast transmission for a pooled power constraint at the base stations. This scheme is extended to include per base station power constraints by formulating it as a relaxed semi-definite program (SDP). We also consider the multicell cooperative uplink scenario and derive a successive multiuser (MU) uplink beamforming (SMUB) scheme that maximizes the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of each user. Next, we consider imperfect channel state information (CSI) and derive a robust beamforming scheme for the downlink, based on minimizing the worst-case interference by formulating it as a second-order cone program. It is demonstrated that the corresponding robust beamformer for the uplink transmission can be derived by employing the multidimensional covariance fitting approach. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superior sum-rate performance of the proposed multicell transmission schemes. The performance is also compared with several bounds for cooperative multicell scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of coordinated beamforming across a group of base stations (BSs) and frequency slots in the downlink of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) cellular network. Three figures of merit are considered for system design under a per-BS power constraint: 1) the weighted sum of the rates (WSR) on the frequency slots of the coordinated BSs; 2) the global energy efficiency (GEE), defined as the ratio between the network sum rate and the corresponding consumed power; and 3) the weighted sum of the energy efficiencies (WSEE) on the frequency slots of the coordinated BSs. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions of the considered optimization problems are first derived to gain insight into the structure of the optimal beamformers. Then, we propose a suboptimal design method that can be applied to all considered figures of merit. Numerical results are provided to assess the performance of the proposed beamforming strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, system design for a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) relay broadcast channel with individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints at mobile stations (MSs) is considered. By exploring the structure of downlink–uplink duality at either the base station (BS) or the relay station (RS), we propose two schemes of joint power allocation and beamforming design at the BS and the RS. The problem of the existence of feasible solutions under practical power constraints at the BS and the RS with given SINR targets is considered first. Then, the problem of sum power minimization is considered. Each design problem can be efficiently solved using optimal joint power allocation and beamforming under the framework of convex optimization. We also show that with subchannel pairing at the RS, the transmission power can be further reduced. Finally, a generalization to the multihop scenario is provided to further improve power efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper studies robust interference mitigation against the imperfectness of channel knowledge involved in the interference link of a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) system that coexists with a primary radio (PR) system via opportunistic spectrum-sharing (OSS) scheme. The robust design leads to a seemingly complicated matrix-valued problem. Nevertheless, we show that it can be equivalently converted into two convex semidefinite programs (SDPs). One of them is identified as a null-forcing approach with closed-form power allocation, and the other can be reduced to a convex scalar power allocation subproblem by properly relaxing the interference constraint. Numerical results demonstrate significant performance gain of the robust design over previous nonrobust strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we propose a distributed beamforming scheme to realize a full-duplex relay (FDR) in multiuser multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) relaying systems. In the proposed scheme, each mobile and relay station performs distributed transmit beamforming and receive combining, whereas the base station performs ordinary multiuser MIMO transmission. Using the channel reciprocity, the proposed FDR scheme can be realized in an iterative way with no cooperation among nodes. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides substantial performance improvement compared with the half-duplex relay. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the problem of mode switching in multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels utilizing the Per-User Unitary Rate Control (PU2RC) transmission scheme is considered. Since there is no mathematical expression for the achievable rate of the PU2RC systems, it is proposed to approximate them using proper bounds. It is shown that certain simple feedback distributions will lead to tight bounds on the achievable rates of the PU2RC systems. The proposed bounds are used for the calculation of mode-switching points and maximization of the system rate under different multiplexing order conditions. The asymptotic behavior of the preferred modes is also studied under high-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and low-SNR conditions, and it is shown that the single-user transmission mode is the preferred mode for both regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper is concerned with the performance analysis of the maximum eigenmode beamforming (MEB) scheme with equal power allocation (EPA) over practically coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-access channels (MACs). Both the scenarios of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters (CSIT) are considered. Analytical and numerical results show that MEB with EPA can achieve significant power savings and is less sensitive to CSIT error than other alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we investigate a novel relaying technique employing scheduling, precoding, beamforming, and power allocation for a multiuser multiple-input–multiple-output (MU-MIMO) relay network. In the proposed scheme, the interference is canceled by using a combination of transmit–receive weights and Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP). To achieve data rate fairness among different users and further improve the performance of MU-MIMO relay networks, we propose a low-complexity power allocation (LC-PA) to allocate power to each user. In addition, an algorithm to select a subset of users that has maximum sum rate performance is proposed. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated by examining the sum rate of the system for different user selection algorithms and different power allocation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we propose a practical downlink multiuser multiple-input–multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system. The proposed MU-MIMO system focuses on improving two limiting factors for practical implementations of MU-MIMO: 1) feedback rate and 2) computational complexity. First, users efficiently feed their channel-state information back with low feedback rate based on the proposed channel-quantization method. Second, the beamforming matrix at the base station is easily computed using singular value decomposition (SVD). Numerical results show that the proposed MU-MIMO system achieves a higher sum rate than conventional MU-MIMO systems, particularly at low feedback rate, while the computational complexity is kept reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]