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This paper is the second of a two-part paper and describes the application of a multiperiod generalized network flow model that is used to analyze the economic efficiencies of the energy movements from the coal and natural gas suppliers to the electric load centers, providing a simulation tool that captures dynamics of and interdependencies between the coal, natural gas, and electricity networks. The modeling approach, mathematical formulation, and modeling assumptions are presented in part I. This sequel presents and discusses numerical results to illustrate the application of the model. The model enables public and private decision makers to carry out comprehensive analyses of a wide range of issues related to the energy sector, such as strategic planning, economic impact assessment, and different regulatory regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first of a two-part paper presenting a multiperiod generalized network flow model of the integrated energy system in the United States. Part I describes the modeling approach used to evaluate the economic efficiencies of the systemwide energy flows, from the coal and natural gas suppliers to the electric load centers. Under the proposed problem formulation, fuel supply and electricity demand nodes are connected via a transportation network, and the model is solved for the most efficient allocation of quantities and corresponding prices. The methodology includes physical, economic, and environmental aspects that characterize the different networks. Part II of this paper provides numerical results that demonstrate the application of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilities have long struggled with establishing re- source planning criteria that ensure adequate resources to meet loads at low cost. Historically, many utilities used planning reserve margin criteria. The onset of deregulation brought about a paradigm shift in which it was expected that markets would provide a more efficient mechanism for maintaining resource sufficiency in the course of system demand growth. Major power shortages in the Midwest and California in the wake of deregulation led to a reexamination by most regions of the need for centralized resource planning and integrated resource plans. Reserve margin techniques continue to be used by many resource planners to ensure resource adequacy. Simulation-based probabilistic assessments can provide a more direct measure of adequacy but are quite intensive computationally and therefore only allow exploring a limited number of scenarios. In this paper, we suggest a simple analytical probabilistic approach to maintaining resource adequacy and calculating peak load carrying capability of incremental generating units. The methodology targets a level of system adequacy, rather than a specified reserve margin, under system expansion. It provides. a powerful technique for simply calculating probability-based load carrying capability of resource additions without iteratively running computationally intensive stochastic computer models. The technique also provides a simple but effective method for developing portfolios of resources with comparable contributions to system adequacy. The latter may be employed in capacity expansion algorithms as a simpler, more efficient, and more accurate method of determining least-cost resource additions than targeting planning reserve margins. Applications of these techniques to the IEEE Reliability Test System illustrate the methods and verify the results with a stochastic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]