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Potential applications of probabilistic modeling of current and voltage harmonics concern many aspects of power system engineering as accurate prediction of power system harmonic behavior provides important information to utility companies and equipment designers. In this paper, a method of reducing the expected value of the total voltage harmonic distortion for a specified range of source impedance values at different buses by using LC compensators, where it is desired to maintain a given power factor at a specified value, is presented. The criterion is based on mean value estimation of source and load characteristics, which are enabled by sampling measurements performed on the examined electrical plant as well as statistical analysis. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, probability.

A method of applying power-factor (PF) correction capacitors is discussed based on net savings maximization according to Egyptian's Tariff. Test results from examples taken from existing publications are presented. The purpose of this application technique is to utilize existing electrical distribution equipment in the installation of very large values of PF correction capacitors. It is concluded that LC compensators can he installed, thus providing maximum benefits from penalty elimination, system losses reduction, release of system transformer capacity, and minimum switching transients. Paybacks of less than one year can be expected. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, reactive power optimization.

The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach for designing passive LC compensators by using the penalty function method as an optimization tool. The performance of the cost-effective passive LC compensator for a constant load depends on the appropriate inductor and capacitor selection. Several design methods are reviewed and a novel design methodology is proposed in this paper. By using the proposed method, the designer can quickly find appropriate parameter values to meet the desired circuit performance. Simulated results show that an appropriate combination of the inductor and capacitor selected by the proposed method can meet the desired power-quality requirement. Different cases of design examples are shown in this paper to verify the performance of the proposed design methodology. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, reactive power.

This paper presents a method employing the penalty function search algorithm to determine the LC compensator value for the optimal power factor correction in nonsinusoidal systems. The objective of the proposed method is to minimize the transmission loss while the power factor and efficiency are taken as constraints and utilized in order to solve the multiobjective optimization problem by transforming it into a single objective one. Examples show that the load nonlinearity can have a significant impact on optimal compensator sizes. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, reactive power optimization.

The choice of LC compensator may be constrained by the availability of manufactures units. To account for this, the capacitor values are chosen from among standard values and for each value the transmission losses is minimized, or power factor is maximized, or transmission efficiency is maximized. The global minimum or maximum is obtained by scanning all local minims or maxims. The performance of the obtained compensator is discussed by means of numerical examples. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, reactive power.

A method is presented for finding the optimum fixed LC compensator for power factor correction of nonlinear loads where both source voltage and load current harmonics are present. The LC combination is selected because pure capacitive capacitors alone would not sufficiently correct the power factor. Optimization minimizes the transmission loss, maximizes the power factor, and maximizes the efficiency. The performance of the obtained compensator is discussed by means of numerical examples. Index Terms--Harmonics, power factor, reactive power.

The use of terminal shunt capacitance has different effects on the displacement factor and distortion factor components of the power factor. These effects are considered for nonlinear loads with ideal supply, and also where the supply impedance exists but is small compared with the load impedance. Optimization of the displacement factor is found to result in reduction of the distortion factor to a minimum value. Index Terms--Distortion, harmonics, power factor.