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Numbers of citations of outstanding conference papers (OCPs) of IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conferences (NSRECs) from 1966 to 2017 are compared with citations of the most highly cited papers (HCPs) of the corresponding special issues of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE (TNS), as well as average numbers of citations and cumulative $h$ index, $h_{\mathrm {cum}}$ , for all TNS papers published in the same year. 85% of NSREC OCPs are cited at a higher rate than the average for all TNS articles in that year. 55% of NSREC OCP citation totals are higher than $h_{\mathrm {cum}}$ for TNS in that year; these rank among the ~8% most highly cited TNS papers for that year. In ~10% of cases, the NSREC OCP is also the most HCP. Similarly high citation impact is found for papers nominated as candidates for OCPs. Radiation effects papers published in annual NSREC special issues comprise a significant fraction of all TNS articles cited $h_{\mathrm {cum}}$ times or more. These results support the use of $h_{\mathrm {cum}}$ as a metric of citation impact in this work and show that the NSREC OCP process generally meets awards criteria guidelines for impact. Potential reasons for variations in citation rates are discussed, and recommendations are provided to enhance the awards process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recipients of the 2020 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are George N. Tzintzarov, Adrian Ildefonso, Jeffrey W. Teng, Milad Frounchi, Albert Djikeng, Prahlad Iyengar, Patrick S. Goley, Ani Khachatrian, Joel M. Hales, Ryan Bahr, Stephen Buchner, Dale McMorrow, and John D. Cressler for their paper entitled “Optical Single-Event Transients Induced in Integrated Silicon-Photonic Waveguides by Two-Photon Absorption.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recipients of the 2021 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are Daisuke Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Hirose, Keita Sakamoto, Yuta Tsuchiya, Shogo Okamoto, Shunsuke Baba, Hiroyuki Shindou, Osamu Kawasaki, Takahiro Makino, and Takeshi Ohshima for their paper titled “An SRAM SEU Cross Section Curve Physics Model.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recipients of the 2019 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are Joel M. Hales, Ani Khachatrian, Stephen Buchner, Jeffrey Warner, Adrian Ildefonso, George N. Tzintzarov, Delgermaa Nergui, Daniele M. Monahan, Stephen D. LaLumondiere, John D. Cressler, and Dale McMorrow for their paper entitled “New Approach for Pulsed-Laser Testing That Mimics Heavy-Ion Charge Deposition Profiles.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the recipients of the Outstanding Conference Paper Award from the 2015 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information on two papers recognized as Outstanding Conference Papers of the 2017 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC). These are, “Effects of Heavy-Ion Irradiation in Vertical 3-D NAND Flash Memories,” by Marta Bagatin and colleagues, and "Influence of LDD Spacers and H+ Transport on the Total-Ionizing-Dose Response of 65-nm MOSFETs Irradiated to Ultrahigh Doses," by Federico Faccio.

The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Best Paper Award is an annual award recognizing the most significant paper published in the Transactions in a given year. The Award is sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the winning paper is selected according to its quantifiable usefulness to the community. The authors of the papers published in the TRANSACTIONS in the third year prior to the year of the award are eligible for consideration. The 2022 award is, therefore, awarded to the paper published in the calendar year 2019, judged to be the most useful to our community based on metrics calculated for the years 2019–2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a long-standing tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) to recognize the Outstanding Conference Paper, the Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation, and the best paper presented and first-authored by an IEEE Student Member. In addition to recognizing authors for particularly high quality and relevant work, the awards process also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recipients of the 2018 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are Adrian Ildefonso, Zachary E. Fleetwood, George N. Tzintzarov, Joel M. Hales, Delgermaa Nergui, Milad Frounchi, Ani Khachatrian, Stephen Buchner, Dale McMorrow, Jeffrey H. Warner, Joseph Harms, Anna Erickson, Kay Voss, Véronique Ferlet-Cavrois, and John D. Cressler for their paper titled “Optimizing Optical Parameters to Facilitate Correlation of Laser-and Heavy-Ion-Induced Single-Event Transients in SiGe HBTs.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper updates and complements a previously published evaluation of computational methods for total and partial cross sections, relevant to modeling the photoelectric effect in Monte Carlo particle transport. It examines calculation methods that have become available since the publication of the previous paper, some of which claim improvements over previous calculations; it tests them with statistical methods against the same sample of experimental data collected for the previous evaluation. No statistically significant improvements are observed with respect to the calculation method identified in the previous paper as the state of the art for the intended purpose, encoded in the EPDL97 data library. Some of the more recent computational methods exhibit significantly lower capability to reproduce experimental measurements than the existing alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) Best Paper Award is an annual award recognizing the most significant paper published in the Transactions in a given year. The Award is sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the winning paper is selected according to its quantifiable usefulness to the community. The authors of the papers published in the Transactions in the third year prior to the year of the award are eligible for consideration. The 2021 award is, therefore, awarded to the paper published in the calendar year 2018, judged to be the most useful to our community based on metrics calculated for the years 2018–2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Best Paper Award is an annual award recognizing the most significant paper published in the Transactions in a given year. The Award is sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the winning paper is selected according to its quantifiable usefulness to the community. The authors of the papers published in the Transactions in the third year prior to the year of the award are eligible for consideration. The 2020 award is, therefore, awarded to the paper published in the calendar year 2017, judged to be the most useful to our community based on metrics calculated for the years 2017–2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to the 2014 special Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) issue of the "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science" journal for December 2014 that features articles presented at the conference and reviewed by an editorial board such as Senior Editor for Radiation Effects Dan Fleetwood, Associate Editor Sylvain Girard, and Associate Editor Heather Quinn.

The IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Best Paper Award is an annual award to recognize the best paper published in the Transactions in a given year. The Award is sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the winning paper is selected according to its quantifiable usefulness to the community. The authors of papers published in the Transactions in the third year prior to the year of the award are eligible for consideration. The 2019 award is, therefore, awarded to the paper published in calendar year 2016 judged to be the most useful to our community based on metrics calculated for the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On behalf of the Committee, I am pleased to announce the 2021 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) awards. Although there were several strong candidates, one paper clearly stood out in terms of relative ranking and scoring, and a second paper received evaluations well above those of the remaining papers. Accordingly, it was decided to award a best paper and a meritorious paper for NSREC 2021. The Outstanding Student Paper was the highest-ranking finalist paper first-authored and presented by a student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) is pleased to announce that Prof. Gian-Franco Dalla Betta (S’94–M’98–SM’06) was appointed as Senior Editor receiving papers on Radiation Instrumentation in June 2020. He replaced Prof. Arnold Burger who had served in this position since early 2016. Prof. Burger handled over 1600 original papers and revisions during his tenure, and we are grateful for his service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An index of authors of conference papers presented during the 2015 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) is presented.

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is pleased to announce that Dr. Sang-Ho Kim has been appointed as an Associate Editor for Accelerator Technology papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a long-standing tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) to recognize the Outstanding Conference Paper, the Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation, and the best paper presented and first-authored by an IEEE Student Member. In addition to recognizing authors for particularly high-quality and relevant work, the awards process also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a long-standing tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) to recognize the Outstanding Conference Paper, the Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation, and the best article presented and first-authored by an IEEE Student Member. In addition to recognizing authors for particularly high quality and relevant work, the awards process encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the recipients of the 2016 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference THE recipients of the 2016 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) is devoted to the 22nd IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT2020) on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences held for the first time entirely online in October 2020. A total of 81 papers presented at the conference have been submitted for possible publication in TNS. The conference accepted 57 papers as oral and 171 as poster presentations in various tracks. More information on this can be found on the conference website and in the foreword of the Conference’s General Chair, Stefan Ritt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists the recipients of the 2015 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Awards. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) is devoted to the 21st IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT2018) on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences held in Williamsburg, VA, USA, in June 2018. A total of 98 papers presented at the conference have been submitted for possible publication in TNS. The conference accepted 54 papers as oral and 149 as poster presentations in 13 tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of the single-event effects observed during testing at medical electron linacs and an experimental high-energy electron linac. For electron irradiations, the medical linacs are most commonly used due to their availability and flexibility. Whereas previous efforts were made to characterize the cross sections at higher energies, where the nuclear interaction cross section is higher, the focus of this paper is on the complete overview of relevant electron energies. Irradiations at an electron linac were made with two different devices, with a large difference in feature size. The irradiations at an experimental linac were performed with varying energies and intensities to omit other possible effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel design techniques for efficient testability are developed and have been implemented in a 14-/16-nm bulk FinFET node technology characterization vehicle. The result of this paper was the measurement of over 300 000 SETs across 12 combinational logic variants and 415 000 SEUs in three D-flip-flop designs over a large test matrix of heavy-ion linear energy transfer, angle of incidence, and supply voltage in only 319 test runs with a total test time of 108 h. A similar-sized data set with equivalent technology coverage, using the traditional serial testing approach as used in previous work, would typically require thousands of test runs and a significant number of additional hours of testing. The methodologies developed in this paper are technology agnostic and have provided the capability to efficiently characterize the radiation-induced response of the 14-/16-nm FinFET technology generation and yielded insights for assessing the feasibility for incorporation in systems requiring radiation resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is a longstanding tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) to honor the Outstanding Conference Paper and the Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation. In recent years, recognition has also been given to the best paper first-authored and presented by an IEEE Student Member. The awards process not only rewards authors for particularly high quality and important work, but also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nowadays, the data compression technique is fully developed and widely used in many fields, such as communication, multi-media, image processing, and so on. In large physics experiments, especially the ones with micropattern gas detectors (MPGDs), there are always large numbers of readout channels and many data to be transferred. However, the data compression technique is seldom applied in this field. In this paper, a real-time lossless data compression method, which can reduce the data transmission bandwidth while keeping all information of data is proposed and successfully implemented in a general-purpose MPGD readout system. The compression method discussed in this paper mainly consists of two steps: The first step is to preprocess the data according to the signal characteristics and the second step is to compress the preprocessed data using a common lossless compression algorithm. In addition, the whole compression method is implemented in the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and can run in real time. The compression method is validated with two different signals and the compression ratios reach 43% and 30%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the noise behavior of MOSFET devices belonging to a 110-nm CMOS technology in view of applications to the design of low-noise, low-power analog circuits in X-ray detection at free electron lasers (FELs) and the next generation of synchrotrons. The goal of this paper is to provide a valuable and cost-effective option, with respect to more scaled and expensive technology nodes, to designers of the detection systems of FELs and next-generation synchrotron sources. The white component of the noise voltage spectrum and the 1/ $f$ noise contribution is experimentally characterized by noise measurements in a wide frequency range. Data extracted from the characterization have been studied as a function of the bias condition and the gate dimensions (length and width). A comparison of the main parameters with less and more scaled CMOS generations is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several sources of total cross sections for e+e− pair production by photon interaction with matter, used by major Monte Carlo codes for particle transport, are quantitatively evaluated with respect to experimental measurements collected from the literature. They include data libraries deriving from theoretical calculations and analytical formulae representing empirical fits to tabulations. Although most of these sources of cross sections are based on one theoretical reference, the statistical data analysis documented in this paper highlights differences in their compatibility with experiment. The cross sections collected in the 1997 version of the Evaluated Photon Data Library (EPDL) exhibit the lowest incompatibility with experiment; the paper details the validation results for all the examined cross section sources. The scarcity of experimental data does not allow the validation process to discern pair production in the field of the nucleus and in the field of atomic electrons; nevertheless, this paper documents relevant clues regarding the contribution of the latter to reproduce experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The August 2016 special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science contains 35 selected peer-reviewed, journal articles that were prepared on the basis of presentations made at the 2015 Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) held September 14–18, 2015, in Moscow, Russia. A few additional papers may appear in subsequent issues of the Transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the longstanding tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC), for NSREC 2016, we are pleased to recognize the Outstanding Conference Paper, an Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation, and the best paper presented and first authored by an IEEE Student Member. In addition to recognizing authors for particularly high quality and relevant work, the awards process also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of outstanding technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper considers structure learning from data with $n$ samples of $p$ variables, assuming that the structure is a forest, using the Chow–Liu algorithm. Specifically, for incomplete data, we construct two model selection algorithms that complete in $O(p^{2})$ steps: one obtains a forest with the maximum posterior probability given the data and the other obtains a forest that converges to the true one as $n$ increases. We show that the two forests are generally different when some values are missing. In addition, we present estimations for benchmark data sets to demonstrate that both algorithms work in realistic situations. Moreover, we derive the conditional entropy provided that no value is missing, and we evaluate the per-sample expected redundancy for the universal coding of incomplete data in terms of the number of non-missing samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximate message passing (AMP) refers to a class of efficient algorithms for statistical estimation in high-dimensional problems such as compressed sensing and low-rank matrix estimation. This paper analyzes the performance of AMP in the regime where the problem dimension is large but finite. For concreteness, we consider the setting of high-dimensional regression, where the goal is to estimate a high-dimensional vector $\beta _{0}$ from a noisy measurement $y=A \beta _{0} + w$. AMP is a low-complexity, scalable algorithm for this problem. Under suitable assumptions on the measurement matrix $A$ , AMP has the attractive feature that its performance can be accurately characterized in the large system limit by a simple scalar iteration called state evolution. Previous proofs of the validity of state evolution have all been asymptotic convergence results. In this paper, we derive a concentration inequality for AMP with Gaussian matrices with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) entries and finite dimension $n \times N$. The result shows that the probability of deviation from the state evolution prediction falls exponentially in $n$. This provides theoretical support for empirical findings that have demonstrated excellent agreement of AMP performance with state evolution predictions for moderately large dimensions. The concentration inequality also indicates that the number of AMP iterations $t$ can grow no faster than order $({\log n}/{\log \log n})$ for the performance to be close to the state evolution predictions with high probability. The analysis can be extended to obtain similar non-asymptotic results for AMP in other settings such as low-rank matrix estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ITER plasma position reflectometry system will be used to estimate the distance between the position of the magnetic separatrix and the first wall at four predefined locations, complementing the magnetic diagnostics system. The antennas of the system studied in this paper are to be installed between the blanket shield modules of rows 3 and 4, on the high-field side of the tokamak. As the antennas and part of the corresponding waveguides will be directly exposed to the plasma, they will be subjected to high radiation doses from neutrons and gammas, which may cause irradiation-induced changes in the material properties and compromise the integrity of the components. In this paper, the Monte Carlo simulation code MCNP6 and the most up-to-date ITER reference neutronics model were used to estimate the thermal loads in the system. The results, complemented with a finite-element analysis performed with ANSYS Mechanical, show that the nuclear heat loads, combined with the thermal radiation coming from the plasma, translate into operation temperatures that reach 480 °C at the tips of the antennas, slightly above the maximum recommended temperature of operation of stainless steel for ITER in-vessel components under irradiation (450 °C). Further, thermal analyses and design iterations are therefore required to improve the thermal and mechanical behavior of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a recent effort to develop and benchmark a simulation tool for the analysis of radio frequency (RF) transients and their compensation in an H-linear accelerator. Existing tools in this area either focus on electron linear accelerators (LINACs) or lack fundamental details about the low level radio frequency system that are necessary to provide realistic performance estimates. In this paper, we begin with a discussion of our computational models followed by benchmarking with existing beam-dynamics codes and measured data. We then analyze the effect of RF transients and their compensation in the Proton Improvement Plan-II LINAC, followed by an analysis of calibration errors and how Newton’s method-based feedback scheme can be used to regulate the beam energy to within the specified limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Czochralski growth of SrI2:Eu scintillation crystals. SrI2:Eu is one among the brightest recently discovered scintillators with an excellent energy resolution for spectroscopic identification of radioactive isotopes. The Czochralski crystal growth method is optimal from the point of scaling up of crystal production with minimal investment into upgrade of crystal growth equipment. In this paper, SrI2:Eu crystals with the diameter of up to 50 mm were produced by the developed process based on the Czochralski method. The crystals are prone to cracking, and thermal fields in the crystallizer still should be optimized. Nevertheless, the scintillation parameters of detectors cut from the grown crystals are similar to that in detectors fabricated by the conventional Bridgman–Stockbarger technology. The Eu2+ activator concentration across the crystals is uniform within 5%, as well as the energy resolution, which ranges within 3.6% ± 0.1% at 662 keV. Also, the decay times under X-rays and nonproportionality of scintillation light yield on excitation energy in the range of 31–1274 keV have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the awards given to outstanding papers and presentations at the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) in the U.S. that include "Hardness Assurance for Proton Direct Ionization-Induced SEEs using a High-Enerfy Proton Beam," "Quantification of Single-Event Harmonic Errors in Digitally Controllied Ring Oscillators," and "On the Transient Response of Best-of-Breed Complementary (npn+pnp) SiGE HBT BiCMOS Technology."

This paper presents 2-D numerical simulation results of single-event burnout (SEB) in power trench accumulation mode field effect transistor (ACCUFET) for the first time. In this device, a p+ base region is used to deplete the n− base region to achieve a low leakage current density, and the blocking voltage is supported by the n− drift region. We find that the depth of the p+ base region determines both the leakage current density and SEB performance, as a result, there is a tradeoff relationship between the two characteristics. The 60 V hardened power ACCUFET shown in this paper could demonstrate much better SEB performance without sacrificing the current handling capability compared with the standard UMOSFET. The hardened structure mentioned in this paper indicates that an n buffer layer is added between the epitaxial layer and substrate layer based on a basic power device. As a result, the safe operating area (SOA) of the 60 V, 80 V and 100 V hardened ACCUFET discussed in this paper could reach the value of breakdown voltage when the buffer layer is over a certain value, that can realize safety operation throughout entire LET range. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Core power control of a nuclear reactor during power maneuvering transients is an important issue in a nuclear power plant. This paper, for the first time, presents an optimized PID controller for a nuclear research reactor with a new model of the reactor core, which is based on the fractional neutron point kinetics (FNPK) equations. This model preserves the main dynamic properties of the neutron movement in which the relaxation time related to a quick change in the neutron flux includes a fractional order, acting as an exponent of the relaxation time, to show the dynamic characteristics of the nuclear reactor in the best way. The physical justification of the fractional exponent is associated with nonFickian impressions from the neutron diffusion equation point of view. In addition, in this paper, for the first time, feedback reactivity effects are considered for FNPK model. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize gains of the PID controller. The objective function is according to the minimization of the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE). The simulation result demonstrates that this optimized control method has satisfactory performance and stability during output-tracking process for higher values of fractional order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a compact model of latchup considering design and process dependence. The new approach is more realistic and inspirited from the classical model. This model was used to confirm the single-event latchup (SEL) robustness of D-flip-flops (DFFs) used in Readout Circuit of Infrared-sensors developed by Sofradir. SEL cross sections are presented by the mean of the Monte Carlo tool MUSCA SEP3 in order to validate the new latchup modeling approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design methodology based on standard cells is widely used in a broad range of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) applications. Furthermore, several optimization algorithms can be employed to address different constraints such as power consumption or reliability. This paper evaluates the implications of the usage of complex logic cells from a 45-nm standard-cell library to the single-event transient (SET) sensitivity under heavy ions. Results show that even though a reduction in the layout area is obtained when adopting complex logic gates, a slight reduction in the total sensitive area of the circuit is observed. Moreover, the effectiveness of the logical masking can be suppressed, leading to a higher SET cross section for high particle linear energy transfer (LET). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are highly linear cryogenic detectors that offer an excellent energy resolution, a signal rise time of <100 ns, and a high dynamic range. MMCs are of high interest for many experiments. One of them, i.e., the Electron Capture (EC) in 163Ho (ECHo) experiment, requires the utilization of large MMC detector arrays. The readout of such MMC arrays is a challenging task, which can be tackled using software-defined radios (SDRs). Although SDR is a well-known approach in communications engineering, a dedicated implementation for frequency division multiplexed readout of MMCs is new and one of the technological key elements of the ECHo project. ECHo will be the first experiment to use microwave superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexed MMC detectors, and therefore, pioneering the hardware, firmware, and software development in this domain. This paper presents the detailed concepts and current status of the development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small animal positron emission tomography (PET) is dedicated to small animal imaging, which requires high position and energy precision, as well as good flexibility and efficiency of the electronics. This paper presents the design of a digital signal processing logic for a marmoset brain PET system based on lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal arrays, SiPMs, and the resistive network readout method. We implement 32-channel signal processing in a single Xilinx Artix-7 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The logic is designed to support four online modes which are regular data processing mode, flood map construction mode, energy spectrum construction mode, and raw data mode. Several functions are integrated, including 2-D) raw position calculation, crystal locating, events filtering, and synchronization detection. Furthermore, a series of online corrections is also integrated, such as photon peak correction to 511 keV and time measurement result correction with crystal granularity. A gigabit ethernet interface is utilized for data transfer, look-up tables (LUTs) configuration, and command issuing. The pipeline logic works at 125 MHz with a signal processing capability beyond the required data rate of 1 000 000 events/s/channel. A series of initial tests is conducted. The results indicate that the logic design meets the application requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Influence sur les Composants Avancés des Radiations de l’Espace-Nouvelle Génération (ICARE-NG) instrument onboard the Argentinian satellite Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-D (SAC-D) detected much more protons during descending orbits (when latitude decreases) than for ascending orbits (increasing latitudes). In this paper, we will investigate the anisotropy seen by ICARE-NG Head-A for protons in the coincidence mode from Monte Carlo simulations performed with GEANT4. Our simulations show that the difference in the fluxes observed during ascending and descending orbits comes from the fact that the instrument observed trapped protons or not on each point of the orbits as a result of the instrument and satellite orientations. In addition, we show in this paper that the measurements performed by ICARE-NG can be used in conjunction with our GEANT4 simulations to study the anisotropy of trapped protons, i.e., their distribution relative to their equatorial pitch angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic cells are detrimentally impacted by exposure to ionizing radiation, a consideration of particular significance for applications in outer space. In this paper, we demonstrate that vertical epitaxial heterostructure architecture (VEHSA) laser power converters are particularly resilient toward radiation-induced degradation; in particular, we observed reductions in efficiency of 1.9% and 6.4% for 5- and 20-junction monolithic devices, respectively, at near 3 W of input power ($V_{\textrm {oc}}$ of 5.78 and 23.32 V and peak response near 850 nm). This contrasts markedly with the 16.9% and 25.4% reductions in efficiency for the same 5- and 20-junction devices when using a detuned source at 808 nm, which we attribute to a reduction in nonradiative recombination lifetimes leading to a suppression of radiative recombination driven photon recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safe operation of the European Organization for Nuclear Research Large Hadron Collider relies on a complex system for equipment protection. An essential part of machine protection is the collimation system since it is used to protect the equipment from beam losses. This is achieved by using two jaws to intercept the particles making up the beam halo. Since the jaws are in close proximity to the beam, they must be positioned with micrometer precision from it. An ironless inductive position sensor (I2PS) is a relatively new linear position sensor used to measure the distance of the jaws with respect to the beam. During the operation, it is noted that the position read by the I2PS could be affected by temperature variation causing position-reading errors. This paper presents an experimental study conducted on the I2PS to determine the relationship between the position read by this transducer and the ambient temperature. Furthermore, this paper aims at determining the impact of the temperature changes in the collimator body, on which the I2PS is installed, and the position read by the sensor. The results show that the uneven thermal distribution along the body of the sensor leads to high position readings error. These results also show that, depending on the moving coil position, the sensor behaves differently, and hence, it is very difficult to compensate for the effect. Finally, this paper presents the results of a possible modification tested on the same setup to reduce the thermal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial off-the-shelf microcontrollers can be useful for noncritical processing on spaceborne platforms. These microprocessors can be inexpensive and consume small amounts of power. However, the software running on these processors is vulnerable to radiation upsets. In this paper, we present a fully automated, configurable, software-based tool to increase the reliability of microprocessors in high-radiation environments. This tool consists of a set of open-source LLVM compiler passes to automatically implement software-based mitigation techniques. We duplicate or triplicate computations and insert voting mechanisms into software during the compilation process, allowing for runtime error correction. While the techniques we implement are not novel, previous work has typically been closed source, processor architecture dependent, not automated, and not tested in real high-radiation environments. In contrast, the compiler passes presented in this paper are publicly available, highly customizable, and are platform independent and language independent. We have tested our modified software using both fault injection and through neutron beam radiation on a Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. When tested by a neutron beam, we were able to decrease the cross section of programs by $17-29\times $ , increasing mean-work-to-failure by $4-7\times $. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron-induced single event upsets (SEUs) have become a significant reliability concern for advanced electronics. Ever-shrinking device sizes and the introduction of new elements in state-of-the-art integrated circuits (ICs) have increased device neutron SEU susceptibility. Various elements found in ICs each have a role in producing SEUs from low-energy neutrons (sub-10 MeV). This paper explores the role these elements play in a case study of a state-of-the-art 3-D NAND flash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a modeling approach of single-event functional interrupt (SEFI) which takes into account all the physical and electrical processes from the radiation particle down to the event at the system level. This paper is focused on the evaluation of SEFI sensitivity by experimental and simulation analyses of a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) designed by Sofradir for their infrared image sensors. Relevant correlations between simulation and experimental results of SEFI cross sections for heavy ions are presented and discussed. The simulation results confirm the strong SEFI robustness of the ROIC at 57 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]