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This paper extends the application of a frame-angle-based (FAB) direct torque controller (DTC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives to low and very low speeds. The FAB-DTC is intended for PMSM drives that are fed by $3\phi$ six-pulse wavelet-modulated dc–ac converters. The foundations of the FAB-DTC are based on regulating the $d\text{--}q$ -axis stator voltages, in response to variations in the load torque and/or drive speed. The adjustments in $d\text{--}q$ -axis stator voltages are created by changing the angle $\vartheta$ of the frame spanned by the $d\text{--}q$ -axis stator voltages. In order to extend the FAB-DTC to low and very low speeds, the changes in $\vartheta$ are accompanied by changes in the maximum scale. The values of maximum scale and $d\text{--}q$ -axis stator voltages are used to update or change the reference signals employed by the wavelet modulation to generate switching pulses to operate a $3\phi$ dc–ac converter. The complete PMSM drive system incorporating the modified FAB-DTC is implemented for a 10-hp PMSM drive system. The performance of the FAB-DTC is investigated for different changes in the command torque for various low and very low speeds. Performance results demonstrate stable, fast, dynamic, and accurate responses, which have minor sensitivity to variations in load torque and/or drive speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the speed and position estimation for synchronous reluctance motors (SyRMs) and interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (IPMs). A unified design and analysis framework for a class of back electromotive force-based observers is developed and the links between apparently different estimation methods are brought out. State observers equipped with a speed-adaptation law are shown to be mathematically equivalent to voltage-model-based flux observers equipped with a position-tracking loop. The error signal driving the adaptation law or the tracking loop is presented in a generalized form. Using the framework, a stabilizing gain design is reviewed and detailed design guidelines are given. Selected observer designs are experimentally evaluated using a 6.7-kW SyRM drive and a 2.2-kW IPM drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the novel scalable saturated model of synchronous permanent magnet machines, which combines ultrafast scaling laws with a saturated flux-linkage and loss model. The scalable model is used for the fast and accurate calculation of efficiency/loss maps and can also be used for drive cycle analysis including the calculation of energy consumption. It is verified by comparison with an existing state-of-the-art efficiency map and drive cycle analysis software. Additionally, an experimental verification of a saturated flux-linkage and loss model is presented. The additional possible usage of the scalable model is to find the optimal size of a scaled machine in order to meet the drive cycle performance and requirements of a traction motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are popular due to their high efficiency and favorable dynamic properties. In practice, these machines often have a back-electromotive force (EMF) waveform, which deviates from a theoretically ideal sinusoid or trapezoid. In the past, current waveform shaping techniques were developed for these machines to calculate nonconventional current waveforms to reduce the torque ripple. However, in the light of global warming, energy efficiency has become more important than torque ripple in many applications. Therefore, current waveform shaping techniques can be used to focus on maximum efficiency. In this paper, a technique is presented that maximizes the efficiency of both the PMSM and the drive simultaneously. A time domain approach is used instead of the classical frequency domain approach, which allows us to include many machine aspects that had to be neglected previously, i.e., armature reaction, reluctance, zero-sequence components, and iron losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]