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Titanium-based contacts are envisioned for the integration of III–V device contacts on a 300-mm platform, such as photodetectors, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), and III–V silicon hybrid lasers. For the first time, the impact of the thermal budgets of process integration, back-end of line (BEOL), and long-term thermal stress on the electrical characteristics of the Ti/p-In0.53Ga0.47As and Ti/n-InP contacts has been investigated. Additional physical characterizations have been used to supplement the electrical properties on both systems. Results have indicated that, given a thermal budget between 350 °C and 450 °C during 60 s right after metal deposition, 1) Ti as a contact metal has led to contact resistivity in low $10^{-{5}}\,\,\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ for p-contacts and in mid $10^{-{5}}\,\,\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ for n-contacts, which is in accordance with the device requirements; and 2) process integration, BEOL, and long-term thermal stress will not induce any change of the electrical properties. In the scope of III–V silicon hybrid laser contact integration, Ti has hence been evidenced as a suitable candidate for both p- and n-contacts.

In the context of the development of silicon photonics, various Ti- and Ni-based alloyed metallizations have been investigated for the purpose of forming low resistivity and Si CMOS-compatible contacts to n-InP. The innovative Ni2P metallization combined with an in situ Ar+ preclean represents the most suitable available solution for the formation of ohmic contacts with a specific contact resistivity as low as $4.3 \times 10^{-6}~\Omega ^{2}$ on such a semiconductor. The latter additionally presents the advantage of being stable at least up to 350 °C and could therefore withstand additional integration processes conducted at this temperature.