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System-on-chip (SoC) miniaturization of radiometric sensors could dramatically improve quantitatively the study of Earth’s atmosphere in the microwave- and millimeter-wave frequency regions, enabling cost and weight reductions both for ground- and space-based observation instruments. This paper reports the analysis, design, implementation, and experimental characterization of the first K-band SoC Dicke radiometric receiver implemented in a commercial silicon–germanium technology under Space evaluations. The radiometric receiver exhibits a responsivity of about 760 kV/W and a noise equivalent power of about 232 fW/ $\surd $ Hz at the center frequency of 25.75 GHz. For a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz, the system achieves a resolution of 9 K for a relatively short integration time (1 s), 2.8 K for a medium integration time (10 s), and 0.9 K for a relatively long integration time (100 s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper derives a novel approach to prove contraction of nonlinear dynamical systems, based on the use of non-Euclidean norms and their associated matrix measures. A graphical procedure is developed to derive conditions for a system to be contracting. Such conditions can also be used to design control strategies to make a system contracting, or to design consensus and synchronization strategies for networks of nonlinear oscillators. After presenting the main steps of the approach and its proof, both for continuous-time and discrete-time systems, we illustrate the theoretical derivations on a set of representative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]