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Objective: Early stage diagnosis of sepsis without overburdening health services is essential to improving patient outcomes. Methods: A fast and simple-to-use platform that combines an integrated circuit with paper microfluidics for simultaneous detection of multiple-metabolites appropriate for diagnostics was presented. Paper based sensors are a primary candidate for widespread deployment of diagnostic or test devices. However, the majority of devices today use a simple paper strip to detect a single marker using the reflectance of light. However, for many diseases such as sepsis, one biomarker is not sufficient to make a unique diagnosis. In this work multiple measurements are made on patterned paper simultaneously. Using laser ablation to fabricate microfluidic channels on paper provides a flexible and direct approach for mass manufacture of disposable paper strips. A reusable photodiode array on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip is used as the transducer. Results: The system measures changes in optical absorbance in the paper to achieve a cost-effective and easily implemented system that is capable of multiple simultaneous assays. Potential sepsis metabolite biomarkers glucose and lactate have been studied and quantified with the platform, achieving sensitivity within the physiological range in human serum. Conclusion: We have detailed a disposable paper-based CMOS photodiode sensor platform for real-time simultaneous detection of metabolites for diseases such as sepsis. Significance: A combination of a low-cost paper strip with microfluidic channels and a sensitive CMOS photodiode sensor array makes our platform a robust portable and inexpensive biosensing device for multiple diagnostic tests in many different applications.

This instrument will generate upon command any one of three serial code sequences in a binary coded decimal (BCD) format representing either 1) time of day, 2) time and date, or 3) event number. Either a single code sequence or continuously repeating sequences can be generated. The instrument is intended to be used in a biomedical data acquisition system to permanently identify, index, and synchronize analog or digital data recorded on magnetic tape or oscillographic paper. Three-digit event codes, consecutively numbered 1 through 999 in successive frames, are particularly valuable for indexing experimental maneuvers or deliberate changes in experimental variables. Individual digits in the code format are easier to interpret visually than are corresponding digits in recognized time code formats.

The aim of this combined Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (TBME) Letters and Regular Papers on Therapeutic Ultrasound is to publish highly innovative, novel and exciting research activities in biophotonic technologies at microscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic levels for molecular and functional imaging and analysis with potential biomedical and clinical applications. Guest Editors to this special issue are Lihong V. Wang, Washington University in St Louis; Atam P. Dhawan, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Metin N. Gurcan, The Ohio State University, and Badri Roysam, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

A practical system for translation of information coded on punched paper tape to a matrix on a photograph is presented. The information here consisted of stereo random brightness fields; however, the system should be applicable to any three-dimensional information. The matrix is developed by slow digital scan of an intensity (ten levels) modulated oscilloscope and is photographed by a camera on time exposure. The system requires 166 seconds to produce each 10 000 element matrix and hence cannot be used for on-line work. However, for the researcher who can tolerate this limitation, the system's low cost, simplicity, and good resolution (better than 100 elements per inch) should prove attractive.

Some of the more recent advances in understanding the control of the human respiratory system are discussed, particularly as they relate to mathematical modeling of the system. A brief review of the anatomy and physiology is followed by a discussion of a number of tests used to elicit information about the system dynamics. Mathematical modeling of the respiratory control system is then discussed, beginning with the classic work of Grodins in 1954. Some dynamic tests which have been successfully simulated are presented. Finally, there is a discussion of several specific points which have been clarified as a result of model studies.