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This communication presents the design of a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array based on sequential rotation (SR) technique that is excited by a substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) with mature and stable processing technology for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. Initially, the influence of the amplitude and phase errors of the feeding network on the axial ratio of the CP array is analyzed, and the detailed design scheme of the wideband CP array based on SR technology is summarized, which can be used to design SR CP array with wide bandwidth and high polarization purity. Then, an SICL-fed $4 \times 4$ CP array working in the mm-wave band that is composed of two substrate layers and a bonding film layer is designed. The radiation element is processed with a larger chamfering, which can realize elliptically polarized radiation in a broadband range, and the impedance bandwidth is significantly expanded relative to the working state of linearly polarized and CP, which has a significant impact on the final array working bandwidth enhancement. The feeding network and radiation elements are directly connected in the same plane. Finally, the proposed antenna is processed and measured to verify the theory and design scheme in this communication. Over the frequency range of 25.0–34.0 GHz, the measured 1.5 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the fabricated prototype is 30.5%, and the return losses are less than −10 dB. The maximum measured peak gain is 16.5 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel triband dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna with frequency-selective function for sub-6 GHz base station applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a dual-polarized square loop antenna with two parasitic loops for 2G/3G/4G (1710–2690 MHz) and a differentially fed dual-polarized planar antenna for 5G (3300–3600 and 4800–5000 MHz) base station applications. These two antennas are placed coaxially but different altitudes for saving the installation space. In order to achieve good individual performance for these two antennas in the same aperture without interference or blocking, the lower band (LB) antenna is designed as a frequency-selective surface (FSS) for the nether mid/upper bands (M/UBs) antenna. The measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves a high port isolation (>20 dB) between LB and M/UBs and a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 50.4% (1.60–2.70 GHz), 14.9% (3.28–3.80 GHz), and 8.6% (4.75–5.18 GHz). To further validate the design concept, an antenna array composed of four LB elements and eight M/UBs elements with the corresponding spacing is fabricated and measured, which demonstrates the application of the triband shared-aperture antenna in array form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wideband traveling-wave circularly polarized (CP) antenna printed on a single-layer PCB for millimeter-wave (MM-Wave) applications is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna radiates the CP wave on the basis of the principle similar to the classical endfire-mode helical antenna. The proposed antenna is terminated with an absorber to realize traveling-wave radiation. The traveling-wave working mechanism causes the proposed antenna to have a frequency scanning function and higher stability compared with resonant antennas. Curved microstrip transmission lines are adopted as the CP radiation elements; the whole array antenna is etched on a single-layer substrate. A prototype operating at 30 GHz is fabricated and measured. The radiation beam of the proposed antenna scans from − 14.5° (28 GHz) to +22.5° (34 GHz), the axial ratios are lower than 3 dB, and the measured gains show a maximum value of 21.9 dBi at 33 GHz and a minimum value of 20.3 dBi at 28 GHz. The measured $| \text {S}_{11} |$ and $| \text {S}_{21} |$ are lower than −10 and −16 dB, respectively, in the frequencies mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cooperative design of the advanced time-modulated array (TMA) and the retrodirective (RD) array is introduced to act as a transmitting array for multiuser wireless power transmission (WPT) applications. The conventional rectangular-pulse based TMA is lack of harmonic beamforming flexibility limited by its frequency spectral properties. By preprocessing the rectangular pulses with the sinusoid-based control signal, harmonic beams are independently steerable. The proposed array is enabled with self-phasing capability by taking advantage of the RD technique. Besides, to avoid the unexploited radiation caused by unscannable fundamental beam and specular harmonic beams, the single sideband (SSB) modulator is utilized to enable the transmitting array with high-efficiency beamforming capacity. The numerical results verify that the presented array performs well in various charging scenarios, which brings a highly potential insight for far-field WPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication presents a beam-deflection short backfire antenna (BD-SBA). The proposed BD-SBA differs from the conventional SBA in that the main reflector of the BD-SBA is a phase-modulated metasurface instead of a perfect electric conductor (PEC). The phase-modulated metasurface consists of 15 columns of unit cells which are designed to change the phase of the reflected waves. Therefore, the beam of the BD-SBA can be deflected to a certain angle. First, several BD-SBAs with linear phase-modulated metasurfaces are studied, which indicates that the beam of antennas point at different directions. Second, the BD-SBAs with nonlinear phase-modulated metasurfaces are studied to compare the difference between metasurfaces with linear and nonlinear width variation of patch. The simulated results show that the metasurface with nonlinear variation can obtain better performance than the former. To verify this design method, the BD-SBA with $\Delta \theta = 10^{\circ }$ was fabricated and measured at ${X}$ -band. The overall height of the proposed antenna is 0.35 wavelength at 10 GHz. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement; the measured beam-deflection angle, realized gain, and aperture efficiency are 10°, 14.8 dBi, and 68.3% at the center frequency, respectively. Due to the beam-deflection function, medium-to-high gain characteristics, and low profile, the proposed BD-SBA can be expected to find potential applications in wireless backhauling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication presents a dual-polarized series-fed array antenna with 30° beam-pointing for millimeter-wave (MM-Wave) applications. The 45° and −45° polarized subarrays share the aperture in an interdigital shape. The spacing between subarrays with the same polarization orientation is set to $0.56\lambda _{0}$ through the use of narrower T-type folded substrate integrated waveguide (TFSIW) instead of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is adopted to design the array feeding network. To validate the proposed design, a $4 \times 6$ (single polarization) dual-polarized array antenna operating at 28 GHz with 30° beam-pointing is fabricated. Based on the measurement, the return losses are lower than −10 dB from 27.5 to 28.5 GHz, the isolations between the two polarization ports are higher than 30.0 dB in the frequencies mentioned above, the maximum gain at the center frequency is 15.7 dBi, and the cross-polarization levels are lower than −18.5 dB. The proposed antenna only needs one-step processing with the standard PCB technology without additional stitching assembly. Simulated and measured results of the proposed antennas were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, we present a new method of encoding /decoding information contained in a wave packet using multipath effect. A signal is mixed with an auxiliary signal and sent into an enclosed cavity. The strongly distorted signal transmitted through the cavity is then sent to a receiver, where it is time reversed and sent to a second enclosed metallic cavity that is strictly identical to the first one. As a result, the waveform of the initial signal is reconstructed at a point of the second cavity that is equivalent to the point of the first cavity due to the spatial and temporal focusing. Using the mechanism, secure wireless data transmission is carried out. Finally, the impact of the size of the cavity on intersymbol interference and the frequency dispersion caused by frequency selective fading are discussed. Such a communication system ensures a high level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of dual circularly polarized (CP) series-fed arrays based on the sequential rotation (SR) technique with uniform radiation elements. The radiation elements and feeding network used in the array are uniform, which leads to the possibility of dual-CP radiation by series-fed SR arrays. Meanwhile, the elements radiate unequal powers due to this arrangement. The relationship between the axial ratio and four key parameters of the array is derived and thoroughly discussed. Good polarization purity and port isolation can be realized by optimizing these parameters. A dual-CP array working at 10 GHz is designed with the help of the analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna has good properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A slot helix antenna working in Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 and L2 bands is proposed in this paper. Adopting sequential rotation technique, the proposed antenna is equipped with six helix radiation arms and fed by a microstrip line with folded shape. The whole antenna can be built on a full printed circuit board; so, it is easy to process the proposed antenna. The circularly polarized radiation mechanism of a circular array is analyzed in a new perspective to guide the design. A double-faced slot radiation structure is also established for dual-band operation. Additionally, a traveling wave feeding network suitable for the proposed antenna is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna has good properties in GPS L1 and L2 bands. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Single fed low profile cavity backed crossed slot antennas for dual frequency dual linear polarization and circular polarization applications are first presented in this paper. By employing the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique in the antenna designs, the low profile backed cavity structure can be realized by using only a single layer of low cost printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. A single grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is employed as the feeding element to excite the TE120 and TE210 modes in the SIW cavity. A crossed slot structure is used as the radiating element in order to radiate the desired dual linearly or circularly polarized wave. From the measurement results, it is seen that these novel antennas retain the advantages of conventional metallic cavity backed antennas, including high gain, high front-toback ratio (FTBR), and low cross polarization level (CPL). Furthermore, the proposed antennas also possess the advantages of low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]