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A 16 x 8 sensor array chip for fully electronic DNA detection is presented. The sensor principle is based on an electro-chemical redox cycling process. The chip is fabricated on the basis of an extended 0.5 μm CMOS process. Each sensor site of the array chip contains a complete A/D converter with a dynamic range of five decades. The 3or-homogeneity of the electrical response of the sensor array is better than 6% (10-11 A to 10-7 A) and better than 20% (10-12 A to 10-7 A). Proper operation of the chip is demonstrated with electrochemical and biological experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensor arrays are a key tool in the field of neuroscience for noninvasive recording of the activity of biological networks, such as dissociated neurons or neural tissue. A high-density sensor array complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip is presented with 16 K pixels, a frame rate of 2 kiloframes per second, and a pitch of 7.8 µm × 7.8 µm for imaging of neural activity. The related circuit and system issues as well as process aspects are discussed. A mismatch-canceling calibration circuitry with current mode signal representation is used. Results from first biological experiments are presented, which prove full functionality of the chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]