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Multicast communications for wireline users has been deployed in the Internet for atleast the past 10 years. In IP networks, a host joins a multicast group by informing a local multicast router, which in turn contacts other multicast routers; a multicast tree is thus created using any of the multicast routing protocols designed. Along with the widespread deployment of wireless networks, the fast-moving capabilities of mobile services and an increasingly sophisticated mobile workforce, content and service providers are increasingly interested in supporting multicast communications over wireless networks.

The article focuses on the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), which is the basis for the next generation Internet. Today's Internet operates over one common network layer datagram protocol, Internet Protocol version 4 or IPv4. However, for more than 10 years researchers have been discussing the need for an improved version of IP, originally called next-generation IP (IPng), now called IPv6. The single most significant advantage IPv6 offers is increased address space. Ultimately, this will lead to network simplification, first through less need to maintain routing state within the network and second through reduced need for address translation.

Editorial. Focuses on the physical layers associated with broadband access. Accounts on the high cost of deploying the physical infrastructure; Impact of higher layer protocols on the services provided by broadbands; Development of broadband access networks to support customer applications.

Discusses efforts to promote the IPv6 computer network protocol for the creation of quality and secure next-generation Internet in Europe. Highlights of the second Spanish Global IPv6 Summit held in Madrid, Spain on March 13-15, 2002; Plan of the European Commission to ask industry representatives to produce reports and recommendations to support and drive IPv6 transition.

Focuses on the techniques used to improve the efficiency of digital subscriber lines (DSL). Comparison between asymmetric DSL and very high speed DSL; Development of hardware and protocols assembled into the asymmetric DLS architecture; Use of asymmetric DSL in increasing the transfer capabilities of the copper local loop.

Part II. Focuses on the importance of the Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST) in the development of scientific and technical research in Europe. Accounts of the total number of actions implemented in the COST framework; Details on the development of COST272, Packet-Oriented Service Delivery via Satellites; Identification of key requirements and protocol specifications of satellite communications.

The author reflects on the architectures and protocols for wireless mobile Internet (WMI). He relates the increase in the number of subscribers for mobile communications from 2000 to 2010, particularly for terrestrial use. He cites that the ability to support advanced and wideband multimedia services is the major step from the second generation to third generation (3G) wireless or fourth generation (4G) mobile. Business goals that should be supported by the WMI architecture are cited including significant cost reduction and accelerated time to market.

Provides information on Next Generation Networks Initiative, a project sponsored by the European Commission which officially started on January 1, 2001. Main objective of the initiative; List of the prime objectives.

Reports on the focus of the European Union/ACTS project demonstrations during the Telecommunication conference in 1999. Need to provide quality of service (QoS) to Internet protocol (IP) applications; Liberalization of the telecommunications market; Options for handling IP traffic with varying QoS requirements.

Deals with security protocols used on the World Wide Web. Popular Web security protocols in the United States; Sequence of actions that takes place in a Secure Sockets Layers channel.

Presents news briefs from the telecommunication industry in the United States as of March 2000. Features of eLink Agent, a wireless device from American Mobile; Information on Internet Protocol Network Configurator, an Internet protocol from Lucent Technologies; Offerings of Gig E service, a Gigabit Ethernet-based data service from Exodus Communications.

Reports the first international `virtual classroom' session and measurement of Internet Protocol traffic using the `Managed Bandwidth Service' of the European project QUANTUM. Information on QUANTUM; Construction of the `virtual classroom'; Purpose of the session.

Provides information on the development of telephony over Internet protocol (IP) in France. Trials being set in French research laboratories about IP; Standard bodies working on aspects of telephony over IP.

Provides information on several products such as protocol analyzer, transport equipments and more. InterWATCH 9500 by GN Nettest; BAX system telephony for interactive broadband services by NEC; Hekimian's REACT 2001 operations; More products.

In this article, we introduce the EstiNet OpenFlow network simulator and emulator, and present its support for testing the functions and evaluating the performances of software-defined networks? OpenFlow controller?s application programs. EstiNet uses an unique kernel reentering simulation methodology to enable unmodified real applications to run on nodes in its simulated network. As a result, without any modification, real NOX/POX or Floodlight OpenFlow controllers can readily run on a host in an EstiNet simulated network to control thousands of simulated OpenFlow switches. EstiNet has the characteristics of a simulator and an emulator at the same time. It combines the advantages of the simulation and emulation approaches without their respective shortcomings. EstiNet uses real OpenFlow controller programs, real network application programs, and the real TCP/IP protocol stack in the Linux kernel to generate correct, accurate, and repeatable SDN application performance results. In this article, we compare EstiNet with ns-3 and Mininet regarding their capabilities, performance, and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article addresses the synchronization needs for mobile backhaul networks when deploying LTE small cells. Existing synchronization solutions for both FDD and TDD macro networks are discussed as well as the applicability of those solutions to small cells deployed in LTE TDD and LTE FDD networks. The benefits of using radio coordination features in a small cell environment and the corresponding demands placed on synchronization solutions are highlighted. Potential issues relating to synchronization of small cells are also discussed, and some additional synchronization solutions are proposed to address those issues. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The move to Internet Protocol (IP)-based content delivery services has challenged the television industry by allowing high-quality television content to be delivered using the Internet, wired and wireless, private and public. The new convergence paradigm is already playing out its disruptive role as ?television? is now associated with both a personal and social experience using an ecosystem of devices. The unidirectional flow of content from an operator to a device has thus morphed into a much richer combination of real-time on-demand web and user generated content complementing traditional programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a signaling architecture for network traffic authorization, called Permission- Based Sending (PBS), aiming to prevent DoS attacks and other forms of unauthorized traffic. Toward this goal, PBS takes a hybrid approach: a proactive approach of explicit permissions and a reactive approach of monitoring and countering attacks. PBS uses a concept similar to existing capability-based systems in the manner in which the sender should get authorization (permission) from a receiver for flows. However, PBS introduces new and practical approaches to overcome the deficiencies (the difficulty of obtaining permission and incompatibility with current network architecture) of those systems. On-path signaling enables easy installation and management of the permission state. Working on current network protocols supports compatibility and allows PBS to be deployed in existing networks. In addition, a monitoring mechanism provides a second line of defense against attacks. Our analysis and performance evaluation show that PBS is an effective and scalable solution to prevent several kinds of attacks, and improves the resilience of the system against network failure by using soft-state mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Experimental studies of wireless sensor networks have shown that asymmetry in low-power wireless links has a significant effect on the performance of WSN protocols. Protocols that work well in simulation studies often fail when link asymmetry is encountered in real-world deployments. Thus, characterization of asymmetry is of importance for the design of resilient WSN protocols that will work in practice. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, it identifies some of the hardware and physical factors that can contribute to link asymmetry, and gives an experimental assessment of their relative importance. Second, it examines the impact of packet length and interpacket interval on protocol operation, and identifies possible interactions that also cause asymmetrical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With intervehicle communications becoming a more and more popular research topic recently, the medium access control layer of the vehicular network has also received a considerable amount of attention. However, this increased interest has not always translated into a careful analysis of the properties exhibited by the MAC protocol when used by vehicular safety applications. This article tries to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive discussion on a number of important characteristics of the link layer in vehicular communications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Experimentation of a wireless network protocol over the air is of significant interest. However, it is more rarely performed than simulation because of the difficulties in coding and debugging as well as lack of scalability and repeatability. In this article, the concept of a code-reuse platform making use of a simulation code directly for real experiments is revisited as an efficient and easy means of experimentation. Furthermore, an architecture and key components of an idealistic code-reuse platform are suggested, and then CommonCode, the most advanced codereuse platform, is proposed. Through extensive simulations and experiments using Common-Code for the same codes, we demonstrate that CommonCode is valid and accurate in terms of protocol performance, and simultaneously fast and easy in terms of protocol development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network access authentication is a key procedure for network operators to control user access to the network service. The IETFs recently finished its major work in this area by standardizing an IP-based protocol named Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA). We provide a comprehensive survey of PANA based on developed IETF standards, and describe its applicability to both existing and emerging network environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a design approach adopted in developing networking capabilities for NATO?s next generation narrowband waveform tactical radios. Providing improved link spectral efficiencies and maintaining long communication range, these new radios enable an opportunity to utilize mult-hop networking features that have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks during the past decade. The challenge, however, is to select and devise networking solutions of predictable and robust performance. For this purpose, a network-science- based approach is taken to first capture and understand the fundamental network properties exhibited when connecting tactical radios. This application of an empirical foundation has proven effective in discovering the dynamic network topological behavior and connectivity attributes. The results illustrate critical implications on the network protocol design and provide important guidance on selecting required networking solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Given the fact that control channels in GMPLS/MPLS-TE networks use packet-based forwarding, and the processing of control messages may be subject to various factors, the provisioning delay of an LSP could be highly random. To bridge the gap between the variable performance and demanding application needs, it is imperative to measure and characterize the LSP provisioning performance. In this article, we introduce the ongoing activities in IETF on defining standardized metrics and measurement methodologies for GMPLS/MPLS-TE performance. We also present our experiences in testing a number of GMPLS networks. The results can be seen as a sketch of performances of current state-of-the-art GMPLS implementations. We further point out possible future work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ubiquitous vital signs sensing using wireless medical sensors are promising alternatives to conventional, in-hospital healthcare systems. In this work, a wearable ECG sensor is proposed. This sensor system combined an appropriate wireless protocol for data communication with capacitive ECG signal sensing and processing. The ANT protocol was used as a low-data-rate wireless module to reduce the power consumption and size of the sensor. Furthermore, capacitive ECG sensing is a simple technique that avoids direct contact with the skin and provides maximum convenience to the user. In our work, small capacitive electrodes were integrated into a cotton T-shirt together with a signal processing and transmitting board on a two-layer standard printed circuit board design technology. The entire system has small size, is thin, and has low power consumption compared to recent ECG monitoring systems. In addition, appropriate signal conditioning and processing were implemented to remove motion artifacts. The acquired ECG signals are comparable to ones obtained using conventional glued-on electrodes, and are easily read and interpreted by a cardiologist. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Network-based defense (NBD) and the all-IP network make authentication ever more important. However, a generally accepted and comprehensive authentication suite is lacking. This work is a step toward filling the gap. The article proposes a three-level framework for authentication in NBD tactical ad hoc networks. Hop-by-hop network-level authentication provides basic protection. End-to-end application-level authentication is included only when finer resolution is needed. The third level of authentication relates to physical node access. The framework may serve as a reference for authentication in other networks as well. An additional contribution is the approach used to derive the authentication framework, which has general relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Multiparty networked applications, which are gaining interest in areas as diverse as online games, e-learning, e-health, and collaborative work, tend to depend on a set of common functions. In conventional IP networks, these shared functions require application-specific servers, leading to scale diseconomies and complicating interoperability. The IP Multimedia Subsystem addresses this by incorporating basic services called service enablers, which can be used as building blocks to facilitate application development. This article discusses our experience creating innovative enablers for IMS networks, and combining them into new multimedia applications. An enabler-centric process is described, and the configuration of a development IMS network is explained, with suggestions on how to replicate this architecture with freely available components. Following these principles, we designed and implemented a series of novel group-centric enablers exploiting the advantages of group management, which we describe in detail. A use case made possible by these enablers is shown, consisting of an e-health scenario for remote medical visits. We reflect on the advantages and challenges introduced by this development methodology, and provide insight on how a project of this nature should be approached. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Low-cost wireless LAN equipment operating in unlicensed spectrum has revolutionized local area communications, introducing novel schemes for open wireless connectivity and even new business models. The ease of deployment of Wi-Fi has made it ubiquitous in densely populated urban areas, and it was just a matter of time before wireless communities emerged. Using inexpensive wireless technology to communicate, autonomous wireless internetworks have been built, offering a variety of broadband services. Based on our own experience participating in one of the largest wireless communities worldwide, the Athens Wireless Metropolitan Network, we attempt to explain their structure and mechanisms, study the reasons for their emergence and growth, and predict their future evolution. We expect that future wireless communities will be oriented toward providing broadband access to nomadic users. To this end, we have proposed that wireless network access be shared in a peer-to-peer, reciprocal manner. Thus, ubiquitous broadband Internet access can be achieved at a low cost, at least in metropolitan areas where there is abundant wireless coverage, providing an inexpensive alternative to broadband cellular services. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution systems are a major source of traffic in the Internet, but the application layer protocols they use are mostly unaware of the underlying network in accordance with the layered structure of the Internet's protocol stack. Nevertheless, the need for improved network efficiency and the business interests of Internet service providers (ISPs) are both strong drivers toward a cross-layer approach in peer-to-peer protocol design, calling for P2P systems that would in some way interact with the ISPs. Recent research shows that the interaction, which can rely on information provided by both parties, can be mutually beneficial. In this article we first give an overview of the kinds of information that could potentially be exchanged between the P2P systems and the ISPs, and discuss their usefulness and the ease of obtaining and exchanging them. We also present a classification of the possible approaches for interaction based on the level of involvement of the ISPs and the P2P systems, and we discuss the potential strengths and the weaknesses of these approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8 defines the specifications of a low latency, high-data rate all-IP Core Network (CN) capable of supporting real-time packet services over multiple access technologies, including the new Long-Term Evolution (LTE) access network. The mobile communications industry is maturing. In order to remain competitive many operators now focus on reducing their capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), by outsourcing some of their business activities and/or by sharing some network infrastructures. This article presents a possible evolution of the 3GPP Policy and Charging Control (PCC) and Quality of Service (QoS) architecture to better support Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) and more flexible CN sharing solutions. This goal is achieved with a clearer separation of the business roles (e.g. access and network providers) and the introduction of a Network Policy Function (NPF) for the management of the CN. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Vehicular communication networks have emerged as a promising platform for the deployment of safety and infotainment applications. The stack of protocols for vehicular networks will potentially include Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) to enable IP mobility for infotainment and Internet-based applications. However, the protocol has performance limitations in highly dynamic scenarios, and several route optimization mechanisms have been proposed to overcome these limitations. This article addresses the problem of IP mobility and its specific requirements in vehicular scenarios. A qualitative comparison among the existent IP mobility solutions that optimize NEMO BS in vehicular networks is provided. Their improvements with respect to the current standard, their weaknesses, and their fulfillment of the specific requirements are also identified. In addition, the article describes some of the open research challenges related to IP mobility in vehicular scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Traffic information systems are one of the key non-safety application areas of vehicular ad hoc networks. As such, TIS are much less delay sensitive than safety applications, which have recently attracted a lot of attention in VANET research. We propose a new message dissemination protocol, Adaptive Traffic Beacon (ATB), which is fully distributed and uses adaptive beaconing based on two key metrics: message utility and channel quality. It is shown that adaptive beaconing leads to much broader dissemination of messages (in terms of penetration rate) than flooding-based approaches, albeit at a slower rate. Adaptive beaconing thus seems to be much more suitable for TIS than flooding-based protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Expansion in 3G cellular coverage and the emergence of more powerful mobile devices has increased demand for massively scalable mobile video delivery. The rapid adoption of the third screen as a primary screen for video has highlighted inefficiencies in the mobile delivery ecosystem and scalability issues in the mobile delivery infrastructure. This article provides an overview of the current mobile content delivery ecosystem and discusses the expanding role of HTTP-based mobile video delivery. A new class of HTTP-based mobile delivery protocols seeks to address existing quality and scalability issues by simplifying and standardizing mobile video delivery. This article shows how segment-based delivery has enabled HTTP-based live streaming and dynamic bitrate adaptation while increasing scalability through the use of existing CDN infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Large operators have embraced multiprotocol label switching, deploying it in their backbone networks to enable a number of services and applications such as virtual private networks to just name one. Since the inception of the respective IETF working group, MPLS has accumulated a number of features and has been extended to be applicable in new contexts such as optical networks in the form of generalized MPLS. Currently, MPLS is being further extended to finally mature into a technology from which to build a full-fledged packet transport network that fulfills a large number of traditional transport network requirements. Having celebrated the early teens of MPLS in 2009, the IETF might well find itself celebrating MPLS's coming of age with the completion of the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP). This article is a short tutorial on what MPLS-TP is, how it came about, and what it promises to deliver in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The IP Flow Information Export protocol (IPFIX) is an IETF Proposed Standard for the export of information about network flows in IP networks. It is the logical successor to Cisco Net- Flow version 9, upon which it is based. The key innovations of IPFIX are the flexible definition of a network flow and the runtime description of record formats through templates based on a well defined, extensible information model. These allow IPFIX to export flow information from present as well as future networks, and make it applicable to network management beyond the network and transport layers. In this article, we describe the protocol, from its motivation and history through its design and implementation, and explore its deployment within a network monitoring research project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a general-purpose transport layer protocol providing a service similar to TCP - plus a set of advanced features to utilize the enhanced capabilities of modern IP networks and to support increased application requirements. Nowadays, there are SCTP implementations for all major operating systems. While SCTP was standardized as an RFC several years ago, there is still significant ongoing work within the IETF to discuss and standardize further features in the form of protocol extensions. In this article, we first introduce the SCTP base protocol and already standardized extensions. After that, we focus on the ongoing SCTP standardization progress in the IETF and give an overview of activities and challenges in the areas of security and concurrent multipath transport. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context enabled mobile applications are considered to provide a richer experience and to enhance the user interaction by acquiring information that allows the identification of the user?s current situation. Modern context inference infrastructures can source, process and deliver user information. However, a commercialization towards a context service has still been prohibited by the need for global service coverage and accurate context identification. With the advent of Next Generation Networks, telecom operators can leverage All-IP networks to design external service interfaces that integrate a diverse set of sources and context inference processes that are easily scalable, extendable, and robust at the same time. This article presents a telecom operator service that supplies mobile applications with context information to illustrate how context infrastructures can leverage NGN capabilities. The article introduces an innovative context inference approach involving third Party applications within the inference process itself. This is done by structuring the ontology context model in layers of complexity and inferring particular context information via modules, which are designed in collaboration with third party developers. Furthermore, the service is compliant with state-of-the-art IP Multimedia Subsystem infrastructures and provides an interface that uses HTTP/SOAP and HTTP/REST communication as well as the Session Initiation Protocol of the IMS. A first proof of concept indicates an increased service adoption, a higher accuracy of context, and an increased robustness towards errors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Networking testbeds are a key tool to design and experiment with new protocols, architectures, and services being proposed for future networks. The scenario-based configuration approach is a state-of-the-art testbed configuration mechanism that maximizes productivity in reconfigurable testbeds. However, commonly used scenario specification languages are highly coupled with the underlying testbed technologies. This fact precludes either the reusability of scenarios among different testbeds, or experimentation with complex test scenarios implemented over federated infrastructures proposed in projects like GENI, which comprise a combination of heterogeneous testbeds. In this article these issues are addressed by proposing a novel technology-independent scenario-based testbed configuration management architecture based on model-driven architecture principles. Our proposal takes into account general applicability and extensibility requirements, as well as seamless integration with existing testbeds. Furthermore, it has been experimentally validated with tests performed on actual testbeds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The radios in mobile Internet devices and smart phones need to support a wide range of wireless standards for cellular, broadband, local, and personal area network connectivity, satellite navigation, and broadcast digital television in a small form factor with low energy consumption. The customary approach is to integrate an optimized antenna, front-end, baseband, and MAC for each protocol; however, any upgrades or modifications for new or different product definitions require a costly respin of the silicon. An alternative approach is to integrate flexible components including an antenna, front-end, baseband, and MAC into a radio that enables one set of hardware to satisfy multiple protocols and also provides scalability for protocol changes in the future; however, there is a penalty in terms of area and power that has to be considered. An example of a flexible baseband is the Scalable Communications Core. This core was developed by Intel Labs and consists of a heterogeneous set of coarse-grained programmable accelerators connected via a packet-based network-on-chip. To understand the area and power cost of the architecture, we taped out a prototype SCC test chip in a 65 nm CMOS process, and programmed and validated it for multiple protocols, including WiFi, WiMAX, GPS, Bluetooth, and DVB-H. This article summarizes our key results in architecture, programming, interconnection, and performance of a flexible baseband for realtime wireless communications applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A calendar of international events from April-May 2010 is presented which includes the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications from April 4-7, 2010 in Doha, Qatar, Wireless Telecommunications Symposium 2010 from April 21-23, 2010 in Tampa, Florida, and the International Conference on Ubiquitous Networks and Future Networks from June 16-18, 2010.

The article offers information on the 10th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL) held at the Sheraton Zagreb Hotel in Zagreb, Croatia on June 8-10, 2009. Topics include the next generation networks, protocols and services, communications software and services, and information infrastructure. The conference features several notable speakers including Toyoaki Nishida, Marie-José Montpetit, and Luiz Moutinho.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one which discusses the factors in implementing a proper and effective simulation activity for protocol design, one which highlights a simulative work with an ad hoc network which specializes in extinguishing forest fires, and another which provides description on wide area ubiquitous network.

The article evaluates the SimpliciTI proprietary low-power radio frequency network protocol from the Texas Instruments Inc.

The article focuses on ad hoc and sensor networks and highlights the papers that are published in the current issue of "IEEE Communications Magazine" to present information on the sensor networks. Certain aspects of sensor networks such as adaptively configurable protocols and distributed computation are relatively a new one. The information pertaining to these new aspects of sensor networks is presented in the current issue of the magazine. It includes a mix of more traditional as well as novel research problems and solution directions in sensor and ad hoc networks.

The article evaluates the new wireless technology G++™ launched by Texas Instruments Inc., in response to increased Wi-Fi usage in home networking, and looks at the provisions by the technology and its features.

This article evaluates the RadioDesk laser mouse reference design with a new laser navigation sensor from Chipcon AS and offers information about its features such as improved mouse tracking performance, improved battery lifetime, and low latency.

This article presents information about the contents of the Radio Communications Supplement, published with the December 2005 issue of the "IEEE Communications Magazine." Lee Pucker's column focuses on the multichannel architectures that characterize cellular and other radio communications infrastructure systems. The first article "Bandwidth Sharing Approach to Improve Licensed Spectrum Utilization" presents information about a complete ad hoc secondary spectrum access protocol compatible with a Global System for Mobile Communications primary user. The next article "Mobility Management in All-IP Mobile Network: Endo-to-End Intelligence or Network Intelligence?" focuses on the candidate strategies for mobility management. It presents a discussion on mobility management protocols and some basic results related to the question of how to structure mobility management are also discussed. Another article "EAP and IEEE 802.1x: Tutorial and Empirical Experience" discusses the authentication paradigm with the security implications of extreme mobility.

This article evaluates a protocol-based single-instrument test system from Anritsu Co. and offers information on its single connection design, performance, and cost effectiveness.

The article reports that GL Communications Inc., has announced a new generation personal computer based T1 and E1 boards for testing telecom products. These high density boars with significant speed, size, and performance advantages can process hundreds of protocol channels and voiceband signal. Other significant features include FPGA logic for custom digital logic processing and DSP function.

The article provides information about a new product. Continuous Computing Corp.'s Trillium IP Bearer Control Protocol offers seamless integration into networks using bearer-independent call control. Continuous Computing has also announced product updates to Trillium SIP and Trillium GCP protocol stacks, as well as roadmaps to address high availability and reliability for these products. 3G wireless technologies are gradually entering the commercial rollout phase and many carriers worldwide are adopting the IP multimedia subsystem architecture to take advantage of the easier service creation environment to deliver revenue-generating services in a packet-based infrastructure.