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Driver behavior is a concerning issue in the area of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Driver behavior is a significant key player in a wide range of unpleasant events during the ride, such as accidents or crashes, traffic congestion, harsh braking, and acceleration/deceleration. Influencing factors of driver behavior have been explored in several studies. It is imperative to investigate these factors in order to provide a comprehensive analysis and to categorize them on the basis of a coherent taxonomy. With that, this study conducted a systematic review on prior studies that focused on bus driver behavior, particularly in the ITS. This study also established a taxonomy on the topic of driver behavior in multiple areas of ITS and their classifications. Different databases, namely ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and IEEE Explore, were utilized to obtain relevant articles from 2008 to 2021 (15 April). Several filtering and scanning stages were performed according to the exclusion/inclusion criteria on all 2,803 articles obtained; however, only 87 articles met the criteria. The final set of articles were categorized into a taxonomy. The first part of the taxonomy focuses on five main factors that influence driver behavior: environmental, demographic, habit, vehicle, and on-road routine factors. The second part of the taxonomy discusses the mapping of data collection methods on the basis of four categories: real-time data collection, survey, simulation, and benchmark. Discussion and analysis were provided to highlight the critical literature gaps on bus driver behavior in the ITS, involving the use of real-time data collection, which is imperative for acquiring highly accurate and sophisticated data. This multi-field systematic review has exposed new research opportunities, motivations, challenges, limitations, and recommendations and highlighted the need for the synergistic integration of interdisciplinary works. Overall, this study presented pathways solution in future direction on the basis of three sequenced phases, namely design, labeling and validation, and machine learning. This study can serve as a guide for future researchers, as it addressed the ambiguities in the ITS-driver behavior domain and provided valuable information on these ITS-driver behavior trends.

A review is conducted to deeply analyse and map the research landscape of current technologies in finger vein (FV) biometric authentication in medical systems into a coherent taxonomy. This research focuses on articles related to the keywords `biometrics', `finger veins' and `verification' and their variations in three major databases, namely, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore. The final set of collected articles related to FV biometric authentication systems is divided into software- and hardware-based systems. In the first category, software development attempts are described. The experiment results, frameworks, algorithms and methods that perform satisfactorily are presented. Moreover, the experiences obtained from conducting these studies are discussed. In the second category, hardware development attempts are described. The final articles are discussed from three aspects, namely, (1) number of publications, (2) problem type, proposed solutions, best results and evaluation methods in the included studies and (3) available databases containing different scientific work collected from volunteers, such as staff and students. The basic characteristics of this emerging field are identified from the following aspects: motivations of using FV biometric technology in authentication systems, open challenges that impede the technology's utility, authors' recommendations and future research prospects. A new solution is proposed to address several issues, such as leakage of biometrics that leads to serious risks due to the use of stolen FV templates and various spoofing and brute-force attacks in decentralised network architectures in medical systems, including access points and various database nodes without a central point. This work contributes to literature by providing a detailed review of feasible alternatives and research gaps, thereby enabling researchers and developers to develop FV biometric authentication medical systems further. Insights into the importance of such a technology and its integration into different medical applications and fields are also provided.

The vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication system allows the exchange of information between vehicles and road infrastructures. It aims to avoid or reduce vehicular accidents, increase mobility, and provide other road safety benefits. This paper aimed to review and analyze the literature on data exchanges in the V2I communication system. The factors considered to improve the understanding of various contextual aspects and the characteristics of the field were motivations, open challenges, and recommendations from other researchers. We systematically searched all articles on data exchanges in the V2I communication system from the three main databases, namely ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore, from 2008 to 2018. These indices were sufficiently extensive to encompass our field of literature. A total of 70 articles were selected based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies (42/70) covered a developed V2I communication system, while numerous articles (22/70) focused on general research on the V2I communication system. The smallest portion of articles (6/70) comprised reviews and surveys. The V2I system plays a key role in vehicular ad hoc networks but is less implemented than vehicle-to-vehicle communication owing to its deployment costs and maintenance requirements. However, numerous studies have been conducted on the V2I communication system to promote its utility. Research areas on V2I communication classification vary but are all equally vital. We expect this systematic review to help emphasize current research opportunities and thus extend and create additional research fields.

Data exchange in Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications systems is a field that requires automated solutions, tools and methods and the capability to facilitate early detection and even a prediction. Many studies have focused on V2V system and its classification to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and help streamline the vehicle flow on the road. This study aims to review and analyse literature related to data exchange in V2V communications systems. The factors considered to improve the understanding of the field's various contextual aspects were derived from published studies. We systematically searched all articles about the classification and detection of data exchange in vehicles, as well as their evaluation. Three main databases, namely, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore from 2008 to 2018, were used. These indices were considered sufficiently extensive to encompass our literature. On the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 140 articles were selected. Most articles (53/140) are studies conducted in a V2V communication system; a number of papers (51/140) covered the actual attempts to develop V2V communications; and few papers (18/140) comprised framework proposals and architectures. The last portion (18/140) of articles presented review and survey articles. V2V collision avoidance system, which is a field requiring automated solutions, tools and methods, entails the capability to facilitate early detection. Several studies have been performed on the automatic detection of V2V and their subtypes to promote accurate detection. The basic characteristics of this emerging field are identified from the aspects of motivations, open challenges that impede the technology's utility, authors' recommendations and substantial analysis of the previous studies are discussed based on seven aspect (devices, number of scenario, test location, types of sensors, number of vehicle, evaluation techniques used and types of software). A propose research methodology as new direction is provided to solve the gaps identified in the analysis. This methodology consists of four phases; investigation, develop a hardware system, study and analysis, and evaluation phases. However, research areas on V2V communication with the scope of data exchange are varied. This systematic review is expected to open opportunities for researchers and encourage them to work on the identified gaps.