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Introduction. During the apprenticeship, students training as secretaries are exposed to a complex of professional and industrial factors that cause functional changes in the body. Materials and methods. Thirty 18-19 years girls were divided according to the Eysenck’s psychological types of personality and to Strelau theory into more adapted and less adapted groups, Heart rhythm variability, mental and physical capabilities, the lability of the visual analyzer, and the psycho-emotional state were evaluated at the beginning and the end of apprenticeship. Results. Trend in heart rate variability in the group of less and more adapted cases differed: the total power of the TR spectrum (ms2) decreased by 50.4% in the group of more adapted, by 54.48% in the group of less adapted. The stress index was 126.9% in the group of more adapted, and 131.9% in the group of the less adapted students. After the apprenticeship work, efficiency decreased by 31.3%, the degree of workability increased by 25.0%, mental stability fell by 16.9%. After the apprenticeship, students’ well-being according to the Scores of Well-being, Activity, Mood (WAM) decreased by 24.5% (p

Introduction. In the changing socio-economic conditions, the problem of advertising for children, using a child’s image, the impact of advertising on children’s food consumption and the consequences for their health, has not been sufficiently studied. The choice of unhealthy foods has public health implications, increasing the risks of developing noncommunicable diseases. The use of children’s images in advertising is of concern to specialists in the field of preserving the health of children, since the peculiarities of development and imperfection of legislation in the field of advertising make adolescents vulnerable to the effects of advertising promotion of food. The aim of the study was a qualitative and quantitative analysis of food and beverages advertising intended for children and adolescents on Russian television, and an assessment of the impact of television advertising with the participation of children on the consumer. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of food and beverages advertising for children, broadcast on TNT’s Carousel channel (sample of 513 ads), was conducted. To assess the impact of advertising on the potential ability of the consumer to purchase the advertised product, a random sample of undergraduate students was selected. Results. In 36.7% of the analyzed advertisements appeared products with excessive sugar content, chips, fast food. Conclusion. On children’s television channels, more than half of the commercials promote food products that are not actually products of the daily diet of kid food, which creates distorted ideas about rational nutrition among children’s audiences. In 24.5% of commercials with the participation of children, there is false information about products containing sugar and rich in trans fats.

The health is influenced by many factors including physical, psychological, emotional well-being, both social and economic viability of the child family. In addition, one of the key factors affecting the maintenance and promotion of health is a balanced diet. Adequate dieting is necessary for the normal physiological functioning of the child’s body, because due to the rapid growth and development, children are very prone to the deficiency of its various components. This issue is especially relevant for children studying in specialized schools. If the principles of a balanced diet are not observed, many symptoms of diseases, including psychoneurological ones, are aggravated and often cannot be corrected. According to the results of epidemiological studies conducted in different regions of Russia, significant violations in the nutrition of all school-age children were revealed. These include an irrational ratio of essential nutrients, excessive consumption of fat, added sugar and salt, insufficient content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, dietary fiber, as well as disturbances in the regimen and management of nutrition. It is important to note that the described violations were found in schoolchildren of general education schools, while studies on the actual nutrition of children in correctional schools were not conducted. Conclusion. Despite a lot of research in the field of nutrition, there remains a need to study the structure of nutrition and nutritional status in children studying in correctional schools to scientifically substantiate and develop measures for the prevention and correction of alimentary-dependent diseases. The main directions of which should be monitoring the nutritional status of children in the following up their development, optimizing nutrition, taking into account the pathology of the child, the use of fortified foods and the appointment of vitamin-mineral complexes, with the aim of additional intake of necessary substances. When searching for literature, the databases Web of Science, CyberLeninka were used.

Introduction. Currently, there are not enough hygienic studies to identify causal relationships between health disorders and behavioural risk factors. The purpose of the study: to assess the influence of behavioural risk factors on students’ health outcomes. Materials and methods. The object of the study were one hundred nine students in grades 3-6. Questionnaires and comprehensive medical examinations were conducted. The research materials were statistically processed using non-parametric analysis methods, descriptive statistics and relative risk calculations. Results. Data were obtained on the leading behavioural risk factors of modern students (physical inactivity, lack of sleep, unhealthy diet, low school satisfaction, high aggressiveness in communication with peers. Functional deviations and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and mental sphere, eyes and digestive system were formed among students. There were identified three groups of behavioural risk factors: 1) use of digital devices; 2) social wellbeing in school; 3) regime of the day. Limitations. The study is limited to the study of the influence of only behavioral risk factors on the health of students, the time of observation, the use of self-questionnaires, which can lead to recall bias, affect the accuracy of data, with the possibility of overestimation or underestimation of data. Conclusion. Quantitative dependences of the development of the most common functional deviations and chronic diseases in students on risk behaviors in the children’s population have been established. This indicates the importance of high levels of prevalence of risky forms of behaviour and their underestimation in the formation of pathological conditions and the need for measures to correct behavior dangerous to the health of children and adolescents.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the 100th anniversary of the formation of the sanitary and epidemiological service of Russia and the 130th anniversary of the establishment of the hygienic society by F.F. Erisman. The purpose of the study is to give a historical analysis of the activities of the All-Russian Society of Hygienists and Sanitary Doctors. Materials and methods. Based on the principle of historicism, an expert and analytical study of the activities of the professional community of hygienists and sanitary doctors in 1892-2022 was carried out. The analysis used materials on the activities of prof. F.F. Erisman and the Moscow Hygienic Society under him, as well as the All-Union and All-Russian Congresses of Hygienists and Sanitary Doctors. Results. The main stages of the creation and development of the All-Russian Society of Hygienists, Toxicologists and Sanitary Doctors, the training of personnel for the sanitary service of the country, which celebrates 100 years since its foundation, are presented. The role of F.F. Erisman in the activities of the Moscow Hygienic Society and his students and followers in the work of the All-Union and All-Russian Society of Hygienists and Sanitary Doctors is traced. Limitations. The study is limited to studying the role of the All-Russian Society of Hygienists in ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the historical interval of 1892-2022. Conclusion. The congresses of the society of hygienists and sanitary doctors summarized, analyzed the results achieved, discussed scientific problems and ways to solve them, mobilized their members to solve them. The positive activity of the society of hygienists and sanitary doctors is due to the active work of its members in ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation.

The article contains an overview of the main bibliographic information about the curriculum vitae and professional activities of Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Research Institute of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents - Galina Nikolaevna Serdyukovskaya. The data of literary sources in authorship/co-authorship with G.N. Serdyukovskaya, was taken from the electronic fund of the Russian State Library. The role of the scientist in creating a scientific and pedagogical basis for studying the problem of the health of children and schoolchildren is shown, the results of the activities of the Research Institute of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents headed by her over the period from 1963 to 1996, its development, issues of establishing scientific and clinical activities are indicated. Improvement of scientific and managing activities in this area, development of international cooperation, great public work carried out by G.N. Serdyukovskaya became an example for many generations of scientists whose activities are related to the study of the health problems of children, adolescents and youth.

Introduction. In a modern school, digital educational materials are widely used, implemented through electronic teaching aids. However, teachers in the learning process are not guided by the appropriate recommendations of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate hygienically significant parameters of digital educational content presented on devices equipped with a screen. Materials and methods. Hygienic observational, expert-analytical and physiological-hygienic studies were carried out to assess 460 electronic educational materials. Results. A number of indicators have been established that characterize the readability of educational materials of a digital school, four of which are regulated by the current sanitary legislation, and the rest are of a recommendatory nature. The assessment of the textual material made it possible to establish that the educational materials did not comply with the regulated and recommended hygienic requirements in all respects. The expert assessment showed that the hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on the screens causes discomfort of the visual analyzer after working with it. Working with such material contributes to visual fatigue, at the same time, the use of hygienically rationally designed materials is characterized by positive trends in the state of the visual analyzer. Conclusion. A hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on screens causes discomfort in the visual analyzer and promotes visual fatigue. Hygienic assessment and examination of used and developed digital educational content should be carried out in terms of text, color, illustrative design and design of electronic educational material.

Introduction. The digitalization of education in the Russian Federation accompanied by the intensive use of digital tools in children and adolescents’ education and leisure activities actualizes the problems of preserving the health of the younger generation. The aim of the study was to assess the current medical and social problems of informatization of education and the formation of approaches to the hygienic regulation of the main risk factors for the health of students, to determine the technologies for ensuring their hygienic safety in the digital environment. Materials and methods. The expert and analytical research were carried out using scientific publications, Internet resources, normative and methodological documents showing the features of the organization of educational activities of students in the digital environment, the technology of ensuring their hygienic safety. Results. It shows the high degree of development of the digital environment in the Russian education system; a diverse arsenal of digital educational resources and services that are most in demand by participants in the educational process; prospects for the modernization and development of education in the course of the introduction of the digital educational environment (DEE). The new digital environment can negatively impact the lifestyle and behavior of children and adolescents and contribute to the formation of additional risk factors for their health. In the context of the increased informatization of the educational process and the active use of electronic learning tools (ESE), there is an increase in the information load and psychoemotional overstrain in children and adolescents, an increase in various forms of information dependence, borderline mental disorders and behavioural disorders, the prevalence of school-related conditions and diseases. Conclusion. Among the measures related to the safety of the use of digital technologies and means of their provision in the educational and leisure activities of children, the implementation of technologies aimed at assessing the main risk factors for children’s health in the developing digital environment and the prospects for the development of hygienic rationing; compliance with hygiene regulations and rules of work when using ESO; training and education of children, parents and teachers; expertise of educational programs and technologies; monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of DEE. Contribution: Kuchma V.R. — the concept and design of the study, editing; Polenova M.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection of literature data, writing a text, editing; Stepanova M.I. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. In the last decade, it has become evident that the school is not ready to provide the material and technical capabilities for the modern educational process. The school design strategy is changing, but these innovations are hardly reflected in the research of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions of school buildings. Materials and methods. Expert-analytical research was carried out. The object of the study: documents regulating the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, the development of school education infrastructure, documents and publications that reveal the prospects for designing schools. Results. Most functioning school buildings do not meet the requirements for modern school infrastructure. Fewer and fewer students report that they “really like school”, which negatively affects their academic performance and psychological wellbeing. The need for fundamental changes in the construction of school buildings is recorded in the National Educational Initiative “Our New School” (2010). The design decisions of school buildings should take into account the experience of quarantine measures that had to be faced in the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions for school buildings are: taking into account climatic and geographical conditions; ensuring the psychological wellbeing of children, primarily due to the optimal number of classes and placement of educational premises for different age groups on separate floors, in blocks, buildings; convenient functional connections with the site; the possibility of transforming beliefs, protection from the effects of physical factors and the penetration of pollution from the environment, safe use of digital learning tools, optimal lighting and air-heat regime; sufficient area of educational premises for one student; optimal conditions for physical activity and physical education, regular healthy nutrition, meeting the needs of students in primary health care. Conclusion. Hygienic requirements for the spatial characteristics of school buildings should take into account the new risks to children’s health. Contribution: Kuchma V.R. — the concept and design of the study; writing a text, editing; Stepanova M.I. — the concept and design of the study, collection of literature data, writing a text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. Universities start their education in their associated pre-universities using University principles of education and modern technologies. The study of the impact of specialized medical training on senior high school students, and the justification of approaches to the hygienic assessment of modern technologies for their specialized training is relevant. Material and methods. The study based on the pre-University of Sechenov University, attended by 181 students aged 15-17 years. The assessment of the psychophysiological status of students was performed using specialized questionnaires (Klimov, Kettel, Schulte, Munsterberg, Spielberg-Hannin, SAN). Physiological methods included the assessment of indices: CFFF, RBD, tremorometry. Results. Specialized medical training exceeds the weekly training load-38-40 hours. Individual project activities are allocated 20 hours per week. Simulation classes are held once a week for 90 minutes with a 5-minute break in the middle. The schedule of classes corresponds to the physiological performance curve. The duration of homework exceeds hygiene standards in 69.2% of students. Among the students, only one in four has a tendency to work in the “person – to-person” system. Mental performance, indices of CSCM, RDO of students in the dynamics of the school day are stable. Indices of tremorometry in simulation classes are stable and indicate a good state of coordination capabilities of the hands. In simulation activities, 53.5% of students have higher-than-average activity, which is 1.4 times more than in a traditional lesson. All students are characterized by a high level of anxiety in all types of educational activities. Conclusion. Training using design and research, digital, simulation, and phantom technologies is adequate to the physiological capabilities of the body of students and can be recommended for the use in medical profile training. Hygienic examination of technologies of profile training of pupils should be based on a comprehensive approach, including assessment of psychophysiological status of students, and also indices of a psychofunctional state students during the lessons.

The authors consider the possibilities of using the information server “Your Choice” in the nutrition of students as an electronic tool for the formation of the correct choice of school ration dishes, food culture, data on the taste preferences of Moscow schoolchildren, an assessment of the consumption of words from the school menu according to the pre-order system with using an electronic server. The school menu was assessed according to the “Your Choice” pre-order system, which retains the positions of the most consumed, favorite dishes by children, so that the child eats the proposed range at school in full at each meal. Parents may know how to feed the child at home to replenish the daily physiological needs for nutrients and energy. According to preliminary results, a hygienic assessment of the proposed alternative diet options and a hygienic assessment of the existing forms of ordering rations in general educational institutions using the innovative electronic system for choosing an alternative food ration “Your Choice” by Moscow schoolchildren showed a higher eatability of the selected dishes up to 89-90%. The authors recommend using the digital system “Your Choice” to completeness the eatability of the proposed dishes, formation of correct eating habits, and assessment of schoolchildren’s nutrition. A comparative analysis of catering and existing menus with new developments (alternative meals for schoolchildren) showed that equipping a school canteen with gadgets and tablets helps to pass identification much faster when schoolchildren receive lunch in an educational institutions, compared to the usual payment and catering system.

Introduction. Currently, in connection with the large-scale introduction of the electronic educational resource in the educational process, it is especially relevant to search for optimal characteristics of presenting information on screens, taking into account the specifics of the electronic devices and age-related physiological features of the users’ visual system. The aim of the study was a physiological hygienic assessment of the impact of the font design of e-texts, presented on a laptop, on the psychophysiological state of students in grades 10-11. Material and methods. Psychophysiological testing of 43 schoolchildren in grades 10-11 without pathology of the vision organ was carried out on the NS-Psychotest complex, including the method of critical flicker fusion frequency to assess the state of the central part of the visual analyzer and the response to a moving object to determine the degree of the balance in nervous processes. The influence of reading illogical texts typed by a school headset was studied with a font size of 14, 12 and 10 points and a one-time reading of 200, 400 and 600 characters. Laptop Lenovo IdeaPad 720S-15 was used for the presentation of information. Results. High-grade schoolchildren were established to have the initial fatigue both of the visual analyzer and the nervous system as a whole. Boys showed better indices of the critical flicker fusion frequency than girls. Most schoolchildren had a balanced type of the inhibition and excitement processes. Methods of presenting information in electronic textbooks were shown to affect the psychophysiological state of high schoolchildren and may carry risks to their health. The hygienically rational design of electronic educational texts promotes the optimization of the psycho-functional state of the high schoolchildren’s body. Conclusion. The obtained results allow substantiating hygienic requirements for the font design of e-learning publications at the third stage of education.

Introduction. Modern education of children is one of the most rapidly changing systems, actively using modern capabilities of information and communication technologies and e-learning tools. Information and communication technologies increase the load on the visual, auditory analyzers, the nervous system and contribute to the development of overwork in children. The use of digital media is becoming increasingly widespread, not only in school, before and in preschool education. To substantiate the concept and integrated system of the hygienic safety of electronic educational content and children’s life in conditions of hyper-informatization, physiological and hygienic studies are required. Materials and methods. In order to develop the scientific foundations and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of children in the “Digital School”, an expert-analytical study was carried out based on the results of representative hygienic observations and non-randomized controlled studies with Contribution of volunteers. Results. Studies of childhood hygiene allowed justifying the modern system of hygiene and health care of children and adolescents in a hyper-informational society, including criteria of the hygienic safety, including in the editorial, intended for children and adolescents; sanitary rules and norms of ensuring the hygienic safety of the new generation; federal recommendations of medical support of students in the conditions of using information and communication technologies; federal guidelines for students ’mental health and well-being; recommendations to the family in the field of ensuring the safety of children’s life in a digital environment; recommendations to producers and distributors of content in the field of ensuring the medical, psychological and pedagogical safety of children’s life, including the age marking of information products; gaming educational and educational programs on the rules for the safe use of children on the Internet; a system for monitoring the effectiveness of hygienic safety policies and protecting children from negative information in a hyper-information society. Conclusion. The developed system and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of the “Digital School” are significant for the medical and preventive basis of the health saving of students in the Decade of Childhood in Russia (2018-2027).

Introduction. At the prenosological level, the impact of vocational training conditions on the indices of health and the quality of life of college students who master groups of occupations that are different in nature and working conditions was assessed. Material and methods. A survey of 1- and 3-year students engaged in vocational secondary education with conditionally “light” (woodworking and restoration) and “difficult” (welders and car mechanics) conditions of work practice was conducted. The questionnaire of quality of life (MOS SF-36) was used, medical and social status was assessed (complaints, the presence of chronic diseases, assessment of well-being, the severity of fatigue, ARVI morbidity rate). The results are processed according to the standard software package using evidence-based medicine. Results. There were obtained marked differences in the nature of the influence of learning conditions on the health and quality of life of students undergoing industrial training in different hygienic conditions. The impact of training and production load during the development of conditionally “light” professions was accompanied by an increase in the health index of graduates, a decrease in the frequency of complaints of headaches and pain associated with ARVI, an increase in undifferentiated complaints. Indices of the quality of life were characterized by an increase in role-based physical functioning (RPF) and a decrease in mental health (MH), which was correlated with increased fatigue. When teaching “hard” occupations in 3-year students, there was an increase in the total number of complaints, complaints of weakness, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), musculoskeletal system and other (undifferentiated) complaints. Indicators of quality of life decreased according to two parameters of physical health (RPF and GIT) and two parameters of mental health (role emotional functioning and MH). conclusion. The significant contribution of occupational training to the deterioration of functional capabilities and the quality of life associated with health is shown for college graduates who learn occupations a profession with “hard” working conditions. Attention is drawn to new forms of the implementation of vocational training in the dual (practice-oriented) training system with an increase in production training time at the workplaces of enterprises, as well as issues of improving the medical support system for students in vocational colleges.

In the article there are presented the results of physiological and hygienic evaluation of studies in kindergarten with the use of educational games on an electronic PC tablet. The study involved 44 foster-children. In one of the groups children in the classroom used the interactive game software on electronic PC tablets «Samsung», the same time while working with the PC tablet did not exceed 10 minutes, in the other - the classes were held traditionally. There were investigated the state of health, psychosomatic and psycho-emotional state of children, determined their functional readiness for systematic training in school, mental performance, the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and reactions to a moving object (RDO). Developing of game sessions with the use of electronic PC tablets for 10 minutes were established to contribute to the activation of the central nervous system and increase in children resistance to the development of fatigue.

The transition to a new stage of the development - the information society is an objective reality and has an influence on all areas of the activity of the society, including the establishment of a child as an object of the hygienic research. In conditions of the general informatization of the society, the appearance of so-called “clip thinking,” explains the maladjustment of educational technologies to mechanisms of children ’ and teenagers ’perception and is confirmed by the growth of the school pathology and the gain in the morbidity rate. In the investigation on the example of the educational institutions of Irkutsk it was executed the evaluation of the impact of the intensification of informatization of education and personal development. For the investigation there were formed 2 groups ofpreschools with different levels of informatization in the same preschool institution of the central district of the city of Irkutsk but in different periods of time. In total there were observed 211 children aged of 5.5 to 6.5 years. For the study the influence of the intensification (and informatization of training there were formed 2 groups of small schoolchildren with different levels of intensification (and informatization) of education. The total number of cases accountedfor 465 children aged of 7-9 years. There were suggested methodical approaches to the estimation of the health status of the children, with taking into account the inevitable influence offactors of informatization and the intensification of education. The performed investigations have allowed to reveal the following tendencies in the shaping of the psychophysical state of health and development of children: an increase of level of informatization of education and personal and accomplishment; intensification of learning working; reduction of the attention level; imagination and visual divergence; capability to the linear differentiation and construction of inferences; fear to fail to meet the expectations of surrounding people and low resistance to stress; the increase speed of data processing along with fall in quality; the gain in hyperactivity.

60 years of the work of the Scientific and Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents of the National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health provide an analysis of research directions, their achievements and their use in health care and education. A series of discoveries, basic and applied research in the field of hygiene of children and adolescents, ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the children’s population allowed to substantiate the modern system of hygiene and child and adolescent health, prevention of the most common diseases, school-related diseases and conditions, including population and personalized levels, and effective technologies to ensure them. Effective models of medical care for students in educational institutions, the activities of schools that promote health have been developed. Fundamental guidelines have been prepared for physicians on the hygiene of children and adolescents, school medicine, and medical support for students in educational institutions. Primary in the development and improvement of the hygiene of children and adolescents are the following: modernization, re-equipment of material and technical base for research; attracting young, talented and dedicated researchers; ensuring safe life and adaptation of children and adolescents in the context of global digitalization, including safe goods and services for children and adolescents, as part of the new strategy fir the scientific and technological development of the country; constant monitoring of the development of hygienic science and correction of plans for basic and applied research in the field of hygiene and child and adolescent health.

In the article there are considered current requirements for the design of the architectural environment of preschool institutions. These requirements provide conditions ofpreservation and promotion of health ofpreschool children. Among them are: the association of rooms according to a functional purpose; division of children collectives according to the age; rational placement of main rooms for the prevention ofpenetration of noise and pollution; ensuring convenientfunctional connections between different premises and group rooms and the parcel ofpreschool institutions; optimal solution of the light mode; rational air and thermal mode. There are made proposals for the expansion of the list of hygienic principles of the design of buildings of kindergartens: provision of conditions for realization of physical activity of children, the safe use of electronic educational equipment, and the creation of the barrier-free environment. There was established the insufficiency of areas of group rooms for the realization of voluntary motor activity of children in modern kindergartens and the need of the revision of the standard of the area of the group room per one child .

Today population-based and secondary preventions do not provide the desired results, the existing forms of these preventions do not work. Children, adolescents, and young people almost do not respond to them. The aims of the study are to substantiate the role and place of hygiene of children and adolescents in modern sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the child population. Expert-analytical, observational study was performed. Results. The strategy of scientific and technological development of individual and population-based hygiene of children and adolescents and school medicine has been presented. The strategy includes the population and personalized levels, which ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the children's population, the building skills of a healthy lifestyle for children, adolescents and youth. The population level includes: conducting works on hygienic diagnostics; improvement of the organization and control of the activities; implementation of the control, conducting expert control and sanitary-epidemiological audit in educational organizations; analysis of the results of medical examinations and data concerning of infectious diseases; assessment of health risks associated with professional training; development and improvement of criteria for assessing the provision of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of students in educational organizations. It is necessary to calculate individual risks and predict their consequences for the child's health and develop the monitoring system for the prevention. The main investors in the development of hygiene of children and adolescents and school medicine are government and the business community. Conclusion. The current stage of socio-economic, scientific and technological development of Russia requires the use of the achievements and technologies of the population and personalized hygiene of children and adolescents. Further scientific and technological development of population-based and personal hygiene of children and adolescents requires appropriate resources.

Hygiene of children and adolescents makes a significant contribution in solving the problems of health protection and promotion of the younger generation. However, its achievement is not fully used by such sectors as health, sanitary and epidemiological supervision and education. Objective to justify the place for hygiene of children and adolescents in the school health system. The work is expert-analytical. In accordance with the number of students in the country the number of doctors on hygiene of children and adolescents in the health care organization must exceed 8500 persons. The provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the students as medical activity includes: hygienic control of the educational conditions; hygienic control of educational tools; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and management of nutrition in school; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to the conditions and organization of physical training in the educational organization; preventive measures; hygienic training; the formation of stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle. Technologies of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of students in educational institutions include: the algorithm of visual and laboratory control over the compliance with sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions of the organization of education and training in educational institutions; the algorithm for the determination of the level of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the educational organization, hygienic assessment of the load training activities in students; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and organization of lessons with the use of e-learning in educational institutions; algorithm of the interaction between physician on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical organization and Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare and other agencies for the protection of health of minors. The practical activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents is an important component of the medical support in educational institutions and sanitary-epidemiological well-being of children population in the country. Training students should be carried out with taking into account the specifics of the activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical institutions for children and modern technologies for their practical activities in educational institutions.

Professional standards should meet modern requirements of the labor market, as well as requirements for the accreditation and certification of medical-prophylactic profile specialists. Objective is the justification for the content of the professional standard of specialist in the field of medical and prophylactic business. Expert analysis revealed that the current professional standard fails to take into account completely different economic activities in which specialists of medical-prophylactic profile work or can work. The priority state program “Reform of the control and supervisory activities” determines the priority for the comprehensive prevention violations of mandatory requirements with the wide application of information resources that should be included in the professional standard. The main task of the expert of medical and prophylactic profile is the activity for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of this direction should be provided by informing the subject of control of the mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements, their introduction, assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of their implementation, the widespread introduction of production control over sanitary rules, expert control, including sanitary and epidemiological listening. The analysis revealed the professional activity of doctor of medical and preventive profile to be in demand for organizations of sanitary-epidemiological service, hospital and sanatorium institutions; disinfection and disinsection of buildings; in assessing working conditions; in testing and analysis of the composition and purity of materials and substances; in tests and analysis in the field of food hygiene, including veterinary inspection and control of food production; the examination of project documentation and engineering research; for monitoring environmental pollution. Training of students of the medical-prophylactic faculty should take into account the modern approaches to the formulation of the professional standard. Public professional organizations have prepared a new version of the professional standard of the specialist in the field of medical and prophylactic business, taking into account all economic activities, which is a mandatory preventive measure.

Results of the analytical development of data of the official statistical reporting on morbidity on negotiability of children and teenagers of the city of Moscow during 2005-2013 have shown the preservation of steady negative trends in the rise of the general morbidity, incidences of respiratory and school-related diseases, including diseases of musculoskeletal system, myopia etc. According to the longitudinal study of the state of health and physical development of the Moscow school pupils from 1 to 11 classes (2005-2015) the gain of the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases in the course of school ontogenesis has been shown. The leading violations of students’ health with a tendency to increase in the prevalence rate are: functional violations of the musculoskeletal system, blood circulatory system, organ of vision, neuro-psychiatric disorders, as well as chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system, digestive and vision organs. In all age and sex groups of schoolchildren there is a reliable increase in body length and weight, chest circumference, acceleration of biological maturation in comparison with peers of the last decades. Indices of the muscular force of the right hand in modern schoolchildren have decreased in comparison with the supervision of 1960s and 1980s. The necessary condition of health preservation of children and teenagers is the providing safe and optimum conditions of education, training and life activity. The assessment of the efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of training conditions of children and teenagers has shown an insufficient informational content of the assessment of a sanitary state of educational organizations on groups of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing (SEW). Institutions with the reduced SEW level (2 groups) were proved to have a significantly higher risk of formation of diseases, including school caused diseases. It has been developed a modern classification of the assessment of conditions and modes of training of children at the school characterizing the risk degree to health of students of training conditions (optimum, admissible, potentially dangerous and dangerous). In addition new standard and methodical documents on carrying out sanitary-epidemiological expertise for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of students in secondary schools have been developed and proved.

The strategic goal of the state policy in the field of information security of children is to ensure the harmonious development of the younger generation, to minimize risks associated with the formation of hyperinformative society. The hygienic safety of the life of children under the use of information technology is a necessary condition for their balanced growth, development and formation of health. Modern information technologies of training provide children easy access to information resources, remoteness, mobility, interactivity, the possibility of the formation of social and educational networks, and educational communities, modeling and animation of various processes and phenomena. The purpose of the study is the substantiation of the system of the sanitary safety of hyperinformation of children’s life activity. The analytical method has allowed justify a system of hygienic and medical-psychological-pedagogical safety of the life of children’s life activity in hyperinformational society. The system includes the criteria of hygienic safety for information and communication technologies (ICT) and their means of support; modern sanitary rules and regulations to ensure hygienic safety for the children of information and communication technologies of training in educational institutions; federal recommendations of care for students in conditions of modern information and communications technology of training and information of children’s life activity; federal guidelines for the preservation of mental and psychological health and well-being of students; recommendations for family in security of children’s life activity in hyperinformational space; recommendations for producers and content distributors of providing medical, psychological and educational safety of children’s life activity; game educational programs on rules of the safe use of the Internet by children; monitoring the effectiveness of hygienic safety and protection of children from negative information. The implementation of hygienic children’s safety system will allow provide the best personal mental and physical development, the preservation of mental and psychological health and well-being of children in hyperinformational society; achieve expected results of the Concept of information security of children approved by the Decree of the Russian Federation dated December 2, 2015 № 2471-r, in terms of creating a new media environment.

The professional standard is the basis of education and training. It should meet modern requirements to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the country’s population, the labor market. The current professional standard does not fully take into account the various types of economic activity in which young professionals of the medical and preventive profile will work. The main task of a specialist in the medical and prophylactic profile is to carry out activities aimed ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population (informing the control subject concerning mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements, implementation, assessing the effectiveness and effectiveness of their implementation, implementing production control, expert control, sanitary-epidemiological audit). The main employers for these young professionals are organizations of the sanitary and epidemiological services; hospitals, sanatorium, spa and resort organizations; organization of disinfection and deratization, organizations of industrial equipment, testing and analysis of the composition and purity of materials and substances; testing and analysis in the field of food hygiene; testing and analysis of physical and mechanical properties of materials and substances; examination of design documentation and engineering survey results; monitoring of environmental pollution. The professional standard of the young professionals in the hygiene profile has a particular set of qualities, skills, and behaviors that ensure the success of the career. There is a set of standards for education and training of professionals in the hygiene profile. There are sanitary and epidemiological diagnostic - activities to establish compliance (inconsistency) with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of public health. Also, there is the support of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, technical regulation, labor protection, various activities concerning and preventive measures; organization of monitoring and sanitary-epidemiological assessment of the risk of environmental factors affecting health. The education and training of students of medical-prophylactic faculties should be carried out taking into account modern approaches to the professional standard for the specialist of the hygienic profile and the educational standard developed on the basis of it.

The article presents the peculiarities of medical deontology in preventive medicine. The differences between deontological problems in the activity of a Clinician and a Physician in the specialty of medical and preventive medicine are considered. The historical stages of the formation and development of ideas of deontology and medical ethics in Russia are shown. The comparative plan presents an analysis of the main legislative acts in the field of bioethics and deontology of medical and preventive medicine. The world community was noted to show a great interest in topical problems of bioethics: several World Congresses and European Conferences were held, in most countries of Europe and America national bioethics committees were established (in the USA and France they were organized under the Presidents of these States). The main goal of the doctor’s professional activity is to preserve human life, prevent diseases and restore health, as well as reduce suffering from incurable diseases. Much attention is paid to this problem in the Federal law of November 21, 2011. (N 323-FZ) about bases of the protection of the health of citizens in the Russian Federation “which is fundamental in the field of healthcare”. It establishes the obligation of medical and pharmaceutical workers to carry out their activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, guided by the principles. The aim of this study was to develop and substantiate the main differences between deontological problems in the activities of clinicians and physicians in the specialty medical and preventive care in the historical aspect. An invaluable role in the development of the principles of deontology was played by outstanding doctors of the past: Hippocrates, Abu-l-Faraj, as well as Russian and Soviet scientists and doctors M.Ya. Mudrov, 8N.I. Pirogov, V.A. Manassein, V.I. Davydovsky, N.Kh. Petrov, B.V. Petrovsky. Separately, it is noted that the role of medicine can be radically changed, if not exclude the importance of the preventive direction, but, on the contrary, through it to strengthen the ideological and controlling.