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Although anthropology and archaeology have often taken separate paths, publications in recent years have demonstrated the importance of working together in these two areas to draw the right conclusions. At the same time, such projects also involve archaeozoologists, physicists, geneticists, and even radiologists. Imaging methods have been used in the study of the past since the nineteenth century. With them, we can examine not only human or animal remains but also archaeological finds. During our work, we have already studied ceramic vessels, metal objects, mummified human remains, human and animal bones. Radiological methods can be used to obtain additional information about the internal structure of bones, to reveal hitherto unseen defects in the case of a sword, or to examine in situ fragile grave goods lying in the middle of a lump of soil. In this paper, we present the theoretical background of radiological methods and their applicability in the fields of anthropology and archaeology, highlighting their advantages and limitations, to encourage as many members of the Hungarian professional community as possible to employ such methods.