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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of taking Mind Lab Pro, a plant‐based nootropic on memory in a group of healthy adults. Auditory, visual, visual working memory, immediate and delayed recall (DR) were assessed. Methods: The study employed a pseudo randomised, double blinded, placebo‐controlled design. A total of 49 healthy individuals completed the study with 36 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. Participants ranged between 20 and 68 years with a mean age of 31.4 ± 14.4 years. Pre and post taking either the Mind Lab Pro supplement or placebo for 30 days. All participants completed the Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth UK Edition (WSM‐IV UK). Results: We found that the experimental group significantly improved in all memory subtests assessed (p < 0.05) whilst the control group only significantly improved in auditory memory and immediate recall (p = 0.004 and p = 0.014 respectively). A significant difference in immediate and DR was also found between the control and experimental group (p = 0.005 and 0.034 respectively). Conclusion: The use of Mind Lab Pro for 4 weeks improves memory with the experimental group significantly improving in all sub areas of memory as assessed by the WSM‐IV UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zolpidem (AMBIEN[sup ®] ), an imidazopyridine, is now the most commonly prescribed hypnotic in the United States. Zolpidem is neuropharmacologically distinct from benzodiazepine hypnotics in that it binds with low affinity to α[sub 5] -containing GABA[sub A] -receptor subtypes. Despite its unique benzodiazepine-receptor binding profile, the results of most of the published studies conducted with humans suggest that the absolute magnitude of impairment produced by zolpidem is comparable to that observed with benzodiazepine hypnotics like triazolam. The present study compared the acute effects of zolpidem (0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mg) and triazolam (0, 0.1875, 0.375 and 0.5625 mg) in 10 non-drug-abusing humans using a Digit-Enter-and-Recall task with varying delay intervals (0, 10 and 20 s). To more fully characterize the behavioral effects of zolpidem and triazolam, several other performance tasks and subject-rated drug-effect questionnaires were included. Zolpidem and triazolam impaired performance on the Digit-Enter-and-Recall task as a function of dose under all delay intervals. However, the dose-related effects of the drugs interacted differentially with the delay interval such that zolpidem produced significantly less impairment than triazolam following the longest delay (i.e., 20 s). Zolpidem and triazolam produced comparable dose-related impairment on the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), circular lights task, and picture recall/recognition task. Zolpidem and triazolam generally produced qualitatively and quantitatively similar subject-rated drug effects, although some between-drug differences were observed. Consistent with the pharmacokinetics of these drugs, the effects of zolpidem peaked sooner and were shorter in duration than those observed with triazolam. The results of this experiment suggest that zolpidem may have less potential than triazolam to impair recall, which may be due to differences between these compounds in terms of their benzodiazepine-receptor binding profile. The results of the present study are also concordant with previous studies that found that drugs that act at the GABA[sub A] -receptor complex can be differentiated based on their interaction with the delay interval on a Digit-Enter-and-Recall task. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of scopolamine on the recall of repeated words. Subjects performed continuous recognition memory tasks both before and after the administration of scopolamine, and were asked to recall as many words from the lists as they could immediately after the recognition tasks. Cerebral blood flow was measured by H2 50 positron emission tomography during the performance of each task. Scopolamine altered performance on the recall task such that subjects were just as likely to recall words presented once as they were to recall words presented three times. In addition, scopolamine decreased cerebral blood flow during the performance of the task. The extent to which scopolamine decreased cerebral blood flow appeared to be associated with the change in performance on the recall task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjects (16 men and 16 women) breathing 30 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen, or 100 percent oxygen, were tested to see if the effects of nitrous oxide on memory varied with different types of auditory stimuli and memory-testing procedures. The drug produced substantial memory impairments. These impairments were milder in forced-choice recognition than in yes/no recognition and for certain stimuli (first names of each subject's close relatives), but were not influenced by several other variations in test procedures and stimuli. Additional assessments indicated that nitrous oxide produced numerous subjective effects including some that are characteristic of psychedelic drugs. Subjective rating scales of the kind frequently used in drug studies revealed sedation but not the other mood effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]